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The study of water quality in springs and wells in Křivoklátsko area.
Brabenec, Tomáš ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Popovský, Jiří (referee)
At present, the nature around us is constantly being polluted by anthropogenic activities; therefore the quality of all components of the environment, including water must be monitored. This thesis examines mainly the water quality in selected springs and wells in the Protected Landscape Area of Křivoklátsko. For individual wells is shown in what environment they are and even some history. Several locations were tipped off where water sampling was carried out, and in the laboratory the basic physico-chemical parameters were defined. In conclusion of this thesis, are the individual wells and springs included in water quality classes according to CSN 75 7221. It is shown that monitored parameters have exceeded limits and whether the water in a well and spring is drinking or not.
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Coagulation of organic matter produced by phytoplankton
Načeradská, Jana ; Pivokonský, Martin (advisor) ; Benešová, Libuše (referee) ; Janda, Václav (referee)
This dissertation thesis focuses on the removability of algal organic matter (AOM) by coagulation during water treatment and also on the influence of AOM on the coagulation of other substances present in source water. Special emphasis is put on the description of coagulation mechanisms. The effectiveness of AOM removal by coagulation was investigated by coagulation tests performed with optimized doses of coagulants (aluminium or ferric sulphate) under different pH values. Peptides and proteins contained in cellular organic matter of cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa were used in the experiments since they have been previously reported to disturb the coagulation process. Moreover, peptides and proteins underwent coagulation experiments together with kaolin particles, representing clay particles in turbid waters, in both the presence and absence of coagulants to investigate the effect of AOM on the coagulation of turbid waters. To enable the description of coagulation mechanisms, AOM were characterised in terms of charge, functional groups, molecular weight and ability to form dissolved complexes with coagulant metals. The experimental results demonstrated that the removability of peptides and proteins is greatly dependent on pH value and on the properties of the involved particles or molecules....
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Waste Management Forecasting in the Czech Republic
Černík, Bohumil ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Hadrabová, Alena (referee) ; Jurová, Marie (referee)
Conclusions The objective of work was to describe in this forecasting target a future development of municipal waste management system in the CR by 2015 (2020), find out the most important factors and describe possible risks of the development thereof. Moreover, the partial objective was to specify instruments for the elimination of possible risks and propose measures for the implementation of relevant instruments. The future development of municipal waste industry in the CR is predetermined by the development of the Czech economics and environmental legislation. When considering cohesion of economics of the CR and EU countries the prognosis subject is connected with the condition of European economy in a near future, and with the process and results of laying down the European directives relevant to waste management. A result of the forecasting work is the ascertainment that serious problems are to be awaited by 2015 with reference to the predicted development of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of household (municipal) waste, requirements of legal regulations in the area of recycling and recovery of packaging waste, regulation and reduction of landfilling of waste, and restriction of energetic recovery of municipal waste declared by the Government. One of the most decisive measures for the...
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Influence of compounds produced by cyanobacteria on coagulation of humic waters
Brabenec, Tomáš ; Pivokonský, Martin (advisor) ; Benešová, Libuše (referee)
The diploma thesis investigates the coagulation of nature waters with humic substances and peptides/proteins produced by Microcystis aeruginosa during water treatment process with aluminum coagulants. It was confirmed that the efficiency of coagulation mechanism of humic substances and peptides/proteins strongly depends on the pH value, because pH value is limited factor of a charge properties of peptides/proteins, humic substances and hyrolysis products of coagulants. The optimal pH range for the coagulation of humic substances was 5- 6 and for cyanobacterial peptides/proteins 5-6.5. In both cases a charge neutralisation and an adsorption were dominant mechanism of coagulation. Optimal pH range for the coagulation of humic substances in the presence of cyanobacterial peptides/proteins was identical as well as optimal pH range of humic substances with absence of peptides/proteins (5-6) but the presence of peptides/proteins positively influenced particle coagulation of humic substances, because the optimal concentration of the coagulants decreased to more than half. An interaction between humic substances and peptides/proteins was demonstrated. A positive effect of coagulation was observed in the case of jar tests with absence of coagulants at a very low pH range (<4). Keywords Humic substances; AOM...
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Application of fluidized layer of granular material in water treatment
Čuda, Jan ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Pitter, Pavel (referee)
Chemical treatment is the most often method used in water treatment in the Czech republic. It is based on dosage of destabilisation reagent into raw water, formation of separable aggregates and their separation by sand filtration. Waterworks optimalisation is predominantly carried out by change of the chemical parameters, typically by change of destabilisation reagent dose. Physical parameters in water treatment like the magnitude of the velocity gradient and period of its duration are undervalued commonly, although they have crucial effect on quality of the aggregates. Character of the aggregates (size, density, compactness) influence their separability. This study aims at evaluation of influence of the magnitude of the velocity gradient on quality of suspension formed. Infuence of stirring intensity was performed on the pilot plant situated in the Želivka waterworks, which is fed from Švihov reservoir. The pilot plant worked at two modes: 1) slow stirring by perforated baffles and 2) fast stirring by fluidised layer of granular material. Fast stirring was either aggregational (served only as stirring element), or separational (separation of aggregates proceed already in the fluidised layer) Infuence of the magnitude of velocity gradient was evaluated by aggregation test. Seperation effectivity...
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Study of biodrying technology for MSW
Pilnáček, Vojtěch ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Innemanová, Petra (referee)
Main objective of the work was to design and construct a model biodrying reactor and to try out two aeration regimes. Additional objective was to asses usability of the process for Czech waste. Model reactor was successfully designed, constructed and put into operation. Two different aeration regimes were examined: regime controlled by oxygen concentration and regime controlled by temperature in upper layer of the reactor. Better results in light of net calorific value and moisture elimination had regimes controlled by temperature in upper layer of the reactor. In light of energy budget regime controlled by oxygen concentration n. 2 performed better. Results strongly depend on composition of waste (organic fraction content) and ambient air moisture. On the basis of these results new interesting questions arise. Czech waste is energetically usable for processing by biodrying. From economic point of view insufficiency of market for produced fuel is a main problem.
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Modelling of surface water pollution in the Rakovnický brook water basin using GIS
Komárková, Lenka ; Matějíček, Luboš (advisor) ; Benešová, Libuše (referee)
There is a number of hydrological models with a wide range of applications. With its development, models have recently become an important tool for hydrologists, water managers and environmentalists in the design and operational planning. We have to bear in mind that it is only a simplification of the complexity of the system and it can not include all of the variables. For this reason it is appropriate to model results compared with the measured data. In my diploma thesis I chose SWAT model because it has been positively evaluated by other users and it is compatible with ArcGIS 10.1. The diploma thesis deals with the use of geographic information systems (GIS) and modeling techniques based on SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) for evaluation of surface flows of nitrates in Rakovnicky brook water basin in hydrological year 2000 with focus on point and non-point sources of pollution. For the spatial data is used ArcGIS 10.1 with the support of basic map layers ZABAGED and DIBAVOD and available aerial photographs and satellite scenes from LANDSAT. This diploma thesis draws on the project GAUK, which took place in the Rakovnicky brook in years 1998 - 2000 and its aim was to evaluate total physical - chemical parameters of the Rakovnicky brook. Model SWAT has proved very difficult and sensitive to the input...
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Evaluation of dewatering of waterworks sludges with CST method
Svěrák, Michal ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Vašek, Petr (referee)
Main subject of the diploma thesis is an evaluation of waterworks sludge dewatering using the CST method. The CST or capillary suction time is method developed to evaluate specific resistance to filtration in an indirect way. In principle it is based on the use of filtration paper to measure willingness of sludge to release water or its filterability. Results are measured as time needed for the water to overcome a defined trajectory and expressed in seconds. The shorter the CST time the more filterable is the sludge sample. The CST method has been critically evaluated and it was assessed as a great method for selecting the ideal polymer used for the sludge dewatering and for defining its optimal dose. Measurements have been made on sludge from two waterworks plants Želivka and Kozičín. Polymer products from company Sokoflok and products Praestol and Magnafloc have been tested on both of them. The best polymers for dewatering have been selected. It was Sokoflok 104 for sludge Želivka 1, 55CN for sludge Želivka 2, Magnafloc for sludge Kozičín 1 and 55CN for sludge Kozičín 2. Second subject of the thesis was to evaluate a sludge sensibility to the shear rate. Havlík (2003) and Bache et al.(2003) are describing sludge as a substance very sensitive to higher shear rate which causes that the aggregates...
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