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Venedikt Erofeev's Novel Moscow-Petushki - An Attempt on a Theological View
Hlaváček, David ; Bartoň, Josef (advisor) ; Matějec, Tomáš (referee)
Bachelor's Thesis Abstract Venedikt Erofeev's Novel Moscow-Petushki - An Attempt on a Theological View David HLAVÁČEK; supervised by: Josef BARTOŇ. Praha, 2024. 36 pp. This thesis analyses the numerous biblical citations and allusions (incl. other religious allusions) present in Venedikt Erofeev's novel Moscow−Petushki. The aim of the thesis is to try to clarify if these allusions can be attributed a special, autonomous status (i.e. if they, as a whole, constitute a relatively consistent theological image) or if they are just of the same order as the other (very numerous) literary and cultural allusions in this Erofeev's work. On the basis of this novel, the author's biography and studies on his works, an attempt on reconstructing the author's spirituality will be made at the same time.
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The Discourse about God in Contra Eunomium II of St. Gregory of Nyssa
Bendová, Markéta ; Bartoň, Josef (advisor) ; Ventura, Václav (referee)
Řeč o Bohu ve spise Contra Eunomium II svatého Řehoře z Nyssy Anotace Práce se zabývá teorií řeči, jak ji ve druhé knize Proti Eunomiovi (Contra Eunomium II), v rámci své polemiky s ariánským biskupem Eunomiem z Kyziku, rozvinul Řehoř z Nyssy. Eunomios byl přesvědčen, že Jednorozený Syn Boží je nepodobný Bohu co do postaty (a odmítal tedy učení nicejského koncilu o soupodstatnosti - homoúsios - Otce a Syna), protože Otcova podstata je nezrozená. Tento argument předpokládá určitou teorii jmen. Jejímu vysvětlení je věnována první kapitola. Druhá kapitola objasňuje, jak vykládá lidská jména, jejich původ, účel a výpovědní hodnotu Řehoř. Podle něj jsou jména pouhými lidskými pojmy (epinoia), jsou vytvořena lidmi, nikoli Bohem. Proto nemohou zjevovat podstatu věcí, ale pouze to, jak lidé věci poznávají. Pokud jde o jména, dávaná Bohu, je Řehořovou ústřední tezí, že Boží podstatu pojmenovat nemůžeme. Tato teze je postupně vyjasňována v následujících kapitolách práce. Ve třetí kapitole se připomíná pro Řehoře velmi významný rozdíl mezi stvořeným (diastématickým) a nestvořeným (adiastématickým) bytím. Z něho je vyvozována nutná pluralita výpovědí o Bohu. Čtvrtá kapitola pojednává otázku, jestli a do jaké míry můžeme Řehoře přiřadit k negativním teologům. Následně je vysvětleno, že naše jména neoznačují Boží...
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The Concept of Freedom of Nikolai Berdyaev
Šimek, Vojtěch ; Sládek, Karel (advisor) ; Bartoň, Josef (referee)
Anglická anotace The Concept of Freedom of Nikolai Berdyaev The present work focuses on the concept of freedom of Russian religious philosopher Nikolai Berdyaev, whose work dates back to the first half of the 20th century. The thinker was expelled from Russia by Lenin's regime in 1922 and died in France in 1948. Berdyaev's concept of freedom stems from his introspective and intuitive approach while undervaluating and deliberately overpassing the significance of rationality. In this concept, an important role is played by the idea of objectification, which, according to Berdyaev, is the gnoseological interpretation of the original sin and the fallen state of the world. Liberation comes from the world of spirit, which is put into contrast to the world of nature and necessity. Objectification (thesis) and the freedom of spirit (antithesis) find their synthesis in a creative act, which is a divine-human act. In Berdyaev's concept, freedom is absolutised, growing from the meontic principle. God himself is drawn into the mystery and tragedy of freedom. Berdyaev's freedom achieves its completion in the concept of active eschatologism. God together with the man defeats the evil stemming from the meontic principle. The present work looks upon Berdyaev's concept of freedom from the point of view of Christian and...
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Eating and diet habits in ancient Palestine
Dabrowská, Václava ; Ryšková, Mireia (advisor) ; Bartoň, Josef (referee)
Eating and diet habits in ancient Palestine English summary: This bachelor thesis is mainly focused on gastronomic habits in the time of the Old Testament and New Testament. The main topic is a typical banquet of the mentioned time period. The first part describes how Jewish and roman people were preparing and keeping food and in Chat way they were celebrating symposiums. The second part solves the relation of our Lord, Jesus Christ, to the food, his speeches on banquets and comparisons with the symposium in the Kingdom of the God - eschatological God's symposium. There is also being solved the relation of Jesus to the establishment of Eucharist and the Last Supper of our Lord according to St. Paul. In the brief way also problems of Christians in the ancient society is mentioned. The last part answers some questions given in the introduction part and summarises all the information gained by studies of appropriate literature sources. 5 keywords: Bachelor thesis about food in ancient Palestine New Testament banquet Lord Jesus Food The last supper
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Be where you are. The Idea of Stability in John Cassian
Smolen, Štěpán ; Bartoň, Josef (advisor) ; Ventura, Václav (referee)
BE WHERE YOU ARE: THE IDEA OF MONASTIC STABILITY IN JOHN CASSIAN The thesis examines the role of stability in the texts of patristic author John Cassian, who is concerned with the spirituality of the early Egyptian monasticism. The theme is briefly presented in relation to author's life and writings. A detailed lexicological analysis shows which words and with which meaning Cassian uses to express the idea of stability. The third chapter forms the core of the study - it describes five main aspects of the studied idea: i. e. the stability of vocation (stabilitas professionis), the stability of place (stabilitas loci), the stability of heart (stabilitas cordis), the stability in the good (stabilitas boni) and God's stability (stabilitas Dei). These aspects are delineated as successive degrees of a spiritual journey that leads from external to internal forms of stability and further to the stability of love of God and neighbour. The whole Cassian's conception is then situated within the wider context of systematic theology. The introduction and the conclusion of the thesis put the examined topic in the frame of the contemporary "crisis of rootedness" and outline the possible therapeutic dimension of author's thought for those who are afflicted with instability. Keywords John Cassian; Egyptian...
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Modern Czech New Testament Translations (The 20th Century New Testaments before the Czech Ecumenical Translation)
Bartoň, Josef ; Lášek, Jan Blahoslav (advisor) ; Sázava, Zdeněk (referee) ; Ventura, Václav (referee)
Moderní český novozákonní překlad (Nové zákony dvacátého století před Českým ekumenickým překladem) Modern Czech New Testament Translations (The 20th Century New Testaments before the Czech Ecumenical Translation) PhDr. Josef Bartoň Although a scriptural translation is an important phenomenon in the cultural and spiritual life of the Czech nation and also a part of the Czech theological work from the beginning of Christiantity in the Czech lands to the present time, the work that can be hardly overlooked, the research interest had focused primarily on the older period. Biblical translations from the 19th and 20th centuries are not accounted for (nor the most recent attempts made after 2000). The present study set as its goal a characterization in a more detailed way Czech translations of the New Testament since 1900 and before the work on the Czech ecumenical translation started in 1961.
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God's Image in Gregory of Nyssa
Marunová, Magdalena ; Karfík, Filip (advisor) ; Bartoň, Josef (referee) ; Dus, Jan (referee)
The aim of this work is to introduce Gregory of Nyssa's doctrine of man as the image of God, based especially on his work Περ κατασκευ ς νθρώπουὶ ῆ ἀ (De hominis opificio). In his work Gregory created quite a systematic anthropological treatise based on Stoic sources, Biblical interpretations inspired by Philo of Alexandria and Origen, as well as on ancient medicine. In contrast to the ancient philosophical school views concerning human being, Gregory refuses the parallel of man as a small world and says that the dignity of man consists not in being similar to the created world, but to the Creator. There are many attributes that constitute human similarity to God, but especially due to the incomprehensibility man is the image of God. The incomprehensibility consists in human mind (νο ςῦ ) in which the human likeness to God can most apparently be recognized. It cannot be placed anywhere in the body and the connection between mind and body is, according to Gregory, unspeakable: the mind does not reside in any particular part of the body, but yet it acts in and is influenced by the whole body. The image of God is the whole mankind, from the first up to the last created human being. When the planned number of souls is completed, the time and everything that happens in time will come to an end. In the...
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The church and cultural life in Sorbian Lusatia after 1945 (with the view to the Czech-Sorbian relations)
Hankovec, Václav ; Kaleta, Petr (advisor) ; Bartoň, Josef (referee)
The Church and Cultural Life in Sorbian Lusatia after 1945 (with the View to the Czech-Sorbian Relations) Summary The aim of this article is to take a closer look at the post-war development of Czech-Sorbian relations. Emphasis is placed upon the attitudes of the former GDR toward the Sorbian minority and above all toward the Sorbian National Movement immediately following the Second World War, which is tied to the attempts to make Lusatia a part of the Czechoslovak state. Particular attention is devoted to the Sorbs' relationship to the church and school and the resulting activities of the Friends of Lusatia Society (FLS) and to the Lusatian Seminary in Czechoslovakia, later the Lusatian House in Prague. One breakthrough in this endeavor was, for example, the acquisition of new information on the relationship of Domowina to the FLS. Between the 1940s and 1950s, it is surprising that Domowina did not advocate a positive attitude toward FLS. This fact has not yet been documented in any of the literature on the Sorbs. The addition of new information from archival materials and specialized literature on the topic in question was also important. An entire series of studies has been devoted to the Sorbian question, both on the Czech and the German side, but it is necessary to complete several more archival...
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Jan Merell - translator and biblical scholar
Primus, Jan ; Bartoň, Josef (advisor) ; Hřebík, Josef (referee)
The present work strives to process, present and interpret the available materials relating to the life and work of the catholic priest, Bible scholar, teacher and dean of the Cyril and Methodius Theological Faculty, Jan Merell. The main aim of the work was to document his life path within the context of historical events, mainly in the period when Jan Merell was confronted with anticlerical persecution policy of the totalitarian regimes of the 20th century both during the occupation of Czechoslovakia by the army of the Nazi Germany and during the establishment and consolidation of the communist regime. Besides, the present work provides an overview of the rich literary and research work of Jan Merell that has made him one of the most prominent Czech biblical scholars and won him international reputation as well. Despite critical opinions questioning some aspects of his public activity, Jan Merell undoubtedly ranks among the most important personalities of Catholic church both in Czech context and abroad.
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Versified Psalter by Jiří Strejc - critical edition
Matějec, Tomáš ; Brož, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Bartoň, Josef (referee) ; Sláma, Petr (referee)
The history of European psalm paraphrases begins in late ancient Greek literature. Greek interest in combining poetic content and metre is documented in the paraphrase of Psalm 102 from the 4th century preserved in the Codex visionum and the paraphrase of the whole psalter from the mid-5th century called Metaphrasis psalmorum or "Homeric psalter", both composed in dactylic hexameters. They share some features with early modern paraphrases: use of artistic language, application of christological interpretation, relation to singing, various approaches in terms of the degree of dependence on the biblical text. The Hebrew text of the Psalms shows no signs of the metric arrangement that is characteristic of traditional European poetry. Some Hebrew verses tend to be regularly organized on a tonic basis, but this arrangement is not binding or regular, unlike the standard of traditional European poetry. In the European environment, however, there has been since ancient times a strong conviction that the Hebrew verse is regularly arranged on a quantitative principle, and this belief lasted until the early modern period. Renaissance translations of ancient poetry into vernacular languages use syllabic or accentual-syllabic verse, and the same type of verse is also used in early modern psalm paraphrases when...
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