National Repository of Grey Literature 176 records found  1 - 10nextend  jump to record: Search took 0.01 seconds. 
State responsibility to prevent and control a pandemic
Mazánková, Zuzana ; Bílková, Veronika (advisor) ; Šturma, Pavel (referee)
1 Abstract State responsibility to prevent and control a pandemic The submitted thesis explores state responsibility under public international law and how it relates to the obligation to prevent, protect against, control and provide a public health response to international spread of disease. Epidemics are hardly a new or unprecedented phenomenon, and the increased incidence of seasonal influenza strains and other viral respiratory infections are a recurring theme every year. However, the issue of state responsibility for international spread of infectious diseases came to the forefront lately due to the events at the beginning of 2020 when a global pandemic of the new coronavirus COVID- 19 appeared, causing over seven million deaths by October 2023 and significant economic losses. The virus was first identified in China, which reported the outbreak to the World Health Organization (WHO) at the end of 2019. Shortly after that, despite public health measures being implemented, the infection began to spread worldwide via international travel, and multiple reports emerged that China had had information about this infectious disease a month before reporting it and deliberately concealed it, which would constitute a violation of International Health Regulations. Given the damage incurred by states, businesses...
Formation of sovereign Croatia from a perspective of the International Public Law
Řepová, Daniela ; Faix, Martin (advisor) ; Bílková, Veronika (referee)
Formation of sovereign Croatia from a perspective of the International Public Law Abstract This diploma thesis is focused on a question of the formation of sovereign Croatia as independent state divided from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The proclamation of the independence is being considered on the basis of historical-legal events and a subsequent reaction of the international community. Firstly, the requisites of a statehood, based on the Montevideo Convention (1933) - citizens, territory, effective government and the ability to enter into international relationships - were considered. Especially their fulfilment in the moment of the proclamation of independence. Secondly an effect of a state recognition is considered, bearing in mind an existence of a declaratory and a constitutional theory of recognition. Those were then applied on the act of recognition of Croatia by other states. The process of creation of Croatia took place under difficult conditions, because of an armed conflict, which took place on Balkan at that time. Therefore, solving the problem of legal status of the successor states, which divided from the federation, was of a huge importance. Within a Conference for a peace in Yugoslavia a commission was established. So called Badinter Commission was meant to solve legal...
The so-called Magnitsky Laws from the Perspective of International Law
Tydlitát, Pavel ; Bílková, Veronika (advisor) ; Lipovský, Milan (referee)
The so-called Magnitsky Laws from the Perspective of International Law Abstract This diploma thesis treats the phenomenon of so-called Magnitsky acts, a subtype of targeted international sanctions, from the point of view of international law. The text of the thesis is structured into three chapters. The first chapter deals with the origins of Magnitsky acts. Documented are the circumstances of the incarceration and death of Sergey Magnitsky. Described are the origins of the first Magnitsky Acts, i.e., the U.S. Magnitsky Act and Global Magnitsky Act, and the spreading of analogous norms around the world. The second chapter is a survey and legal comparison of selected legislation - in the United States, Canada, European Union, and Czech Republic. Based on the literature and the individual norms, the features common to all Magnitsky acts are determined. Subsequently, the acts are compared using five criteria. These are sanction aspects, as a definition of the prosecuted behavior; creation of the sanctions list, as an entitlement of the government agencies to create such lists; individual sanctions tools; appeals and remedies in the sanctions process, or removal from the sanction list; the overview of the sanctioned entities. The third chapter discusses the nature of the Magnitsky acts in the context of...
Religious Communities and Art. 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms in the context of the work of chosen Council of Europe bodies
Crnčević, Filip ; Bílková, Veronika (advisor) ; Šimáčková, Kateřina (referee)
The diploma thesis focuses on how the European Court of Human Rights (hereinafter as "ECtHR") and the European Commission for Democracy through Law (hereinafter as "Venice Commission") influence chosen aspects of the religious freedom. The objectives of this thesis are to examine how the work of ECtHR and Venice Commission has formulated legal interpretation of the issue of the legal personality of religious communities, to typify disputes between states and religious communities and to compare the approaches of the Venice Commission and ECtHR to selected aspects. Besides the Introduction and Conclusion parts the diploma thesis is divided into five chapters, which are further divided into subchapters or parts thereof. In the first chapter, I discuss generally the issue of religious freedom and the autonomy of religious communities. I also introduce the ECtHR and the Venice Commission as for this thesis relevant Council of Europe bodies. The second chapter is devoted to the case study which is focused on the case law of the ECtHR in Greek cases where I discuss the judgments of the ECtHR which in, my opinion, are key cases for the thesis's subject. Subject of the third chapter is the Venice Commission. In this chapter, I will introduce how the Venice Commission works and what is its outputs' nature....
Russian invasion of Ukraine from the perspective of international law
Malinová, Aneta ; Urbanová, Kristýna (advisor) ; Bílková, Veronika (referee)
Russian invasion of Ukraine from the perspective of international law Abstract The thesis deals with the issue of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, which began on 24 February 2022, from the perspective of ius ad bellum and ius in bello. In the first chapter, the thesis outlines the historical context of the relations between Ukraine and Russia, which is essential to expose the fact that the armed conflict in Ukraine has been ongoing since 2014. The invasion was thus the culmination of a long-standing conflict. In the second chapter, the thesis presents and analyses the reasons given by the Russian Federation for invading another independent and sovereign state. It thus examines whether the recognition of the Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics was in accordance with international law and whether it stands in comparison with the recognition of Kosovo. It then considers whether the Russian Federation has the right to exercise individual, collective, preventive, or preemptive self-defense. The thesis finds that none of the Russian Federation's arguments can stand. The Russian Federation also cites the exercise of humanitarian intervention as a legal defense for its actions, but even this defense does not stand. The concept of Responsibility to Protect, which could be considered in the case of violations of...
The withdrawal of the Russian Federation from the Council of Europe and its impact on the protection of human rights in the country
Petrů, Simona ; Bílková, Veronika (advisor) ; Tymofeyeva, Alla (referee)
The withdrawal of the Russian Federation from the Council of Europe and its impact on the protection of human rights in the country Key words: Council of Europe, Russia, Ukraine, aggression, human rights The thesis focuses on the current topic of the Russian Federation's withdrawal from the Council of Europe and analyses what impact this move may have in relation to the protection of human rights in the country. In the introduction, the author introduces two research questions with the intention of examining them from an international law perspective. In the first one, the author shows her intention to reflect on whether the Russian Federation's withdrawal was a consequence of long-term complicated relations between the country and the Council of Europe or whether it was a direct reaction to the invasion of Ukraine. The second research question is related to the impact of the country's withdrawal from the organization on human rights in the country, more specifically whether the organisation still had the possibility to have an impact on the human rights situation in the country given the Russian Federation's attack on Ukraine in February 2022. The author considers both questions to be important in view of assessing the expediency and impact of Russia's expulsion from the Council of Europe. The...
Ownership and liability while space mining on the Moon and asteroids
Sviatkin, Ivan ; Bílková, Veronika (referee)
Ownership and liability while space mining on the Moon and asteroids Abstract This paper explores the legal framework regarding property rights to space resources and the issue of liability for space mining activities. The exploration and utilization of space resources are becoming increasingly important, given the potential economic and scientific benefits that could result from such activities. However, the lack of a clear legal framework regarding property rights and liability in space poses significant challenges to the development of the space industry. The paper begins by examining the existing space law regime, including the Outer Space Treaty and the Moon Agreement, which provide the foundational principles for space exploration and utilization. The paper then discusses the legal debates surrounding property rights to space resources, including the debate between the United States and other countries regarding the interpretation of the Outer Space Treaty and emerging national space legislation. The paper also examines the issue of liability for space mining activities and the challenges in determining responsibility or liability in the event of accidents or damages. The paper concludes by highlighting the need for a clear legal framework that balances the interests of different stakeholders in the...
Obligations erga omnes as a basis of legal standing in international law
Mais, Jan ; Lipovský, Milan (advisor) ; Bílková, Veronika (referee)
Obligations Erga Omnes as a Basis of Legal Standing in International Law ABSTRACT Obligations erga omnes represent the norms protecting the most fundamental interests in international law. Despite their longstanding presence, some aspects of these obligations remain unclear. The thesis aims to determine whether it is possible to enforce these norms by invoking responsibility for their breach before international courts and tribunals, specifically before the International Court of Justice (ICJ). The primary objective is to determine whether obligations erga omnes and their treaty counterparts, obligations erga omnes partes, effectively establish legal standing in ICJ proceedings. To achieve this aim, the thesis comprehensively examines the emergence of obligations erga omnes, their relationship with jus cogens, and their role in safeguarding community interests in order to situate the studied notion in the framework of law of international responsibility. By analysing the ICJ's case law, Judge opinions, the work of the International Law Commission, and prominent scholarly contributions, the study investigates how States' interest in protecting obligations erga omnes (partes) translates into the ability to invoke responsibility for their breaches through judicial proceedings. The analysis reveals that...
Autonomous weapon systems and international humanitarian law
Halajová, Ludmila ; Bílková, Veronika (advisor) ; Ondřej, Jan (referee) ; Ditrichová, Petra (referee)
Autonomous weapon systems and international humanitarian law Abstract There is practically no branch of international law that has been left unaffected by significant advances in modern technology in recent years. In the context of armed conflict, these advances could have far-reaching consequences for the application of not only established rules of international humanitarian law, but also of the rules of international criminal law or the rules governing international responsibility. Many States are currently devoting their attention as well as resources to the development of highly sophisticated weapon systems with autonomous functions, the control of which is being increasingly transferred from human operators to computer systems. These Autonomous Weapon Systems (AWS) have the potential to affect profoundly the nature of future armed conflicts. Although these systems are no longer a novelty at the international scene, they continue to cause tensions and provoke divisive reactions amongst the international community. This dissertation aspires to provide a comprehensive insight into the development and use of AWS in the context of armed conflict. The dissertation has six parts. The first part clarifies the basic terminology relating to AWS and explains how autonomy in the context of a weapon system...
Providing Care Services in the Districts of Municipalities with Extended Competence of the City of Benešov
BÍLKOVÁ, Veronika
The diploma thesis deals with the provision of care services in the Districts of Municipalities with Extended Competence (DMEC) of the City of Benešov. Its aim is to describe the care service in DMEC Benešov, ways of its provision and changes related to the ongoing transformation, from the perspective of providers and from the perspective of clients. Another goal is to evaluate the expansion of the field care service onto weekends and into rural areas in DMEC Benešov. The thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part deals with the issue of care services. The practical part examines the area of the issue and is aimed to find answers to two main research questions: How is the care service provided in DMEC Benešov? How is the transformation of the Care Service of the Benešov District? A qualitative research strategy, a method of questioning and a semi-structured interview technique were chosen. The research group consisted of 12 informants, who were selected through deliberate selection, purposeful selection technique and their availability. The results were processed by data analysis using grounded theory. From the research, it can be concluded that the care service in DMEC Benešov has a stable team that supports clients to stay at home. The care service is mostly provided to seniors, who most often receive services such as lunch delivery, taking care of the household and assistance with personal hygiene. The care service provides a service on weekends even in rural areas, where it covers the so-called white spaces. Thanks to the project Care Service - Opportunity for a Life at Home II. The Care Service of the Benešov District managed to focus on professional work, expand the target group with families with a child/children and extend the operational hours until 19:00 and on weekends. However, the research revealed that in the DMEC Benešov there is not much interest in providing care services during weekends. The results can be used as feedback for care service providers in DMEC Benešov and as examples of good practice for other care service providers.

National Repository of Grey Literature : 176 records found   1 - 10nextend  jump to record:
See also: similar author names
1 BÍLKOVÁ, Vanda
2 BÍLKOVÁ, Vendula
13 BÍLKOVÁ, Veronika
1 BÍLKOVÁ, Václava
2 Bílková, Vendula
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