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Transition as a way to self-acceptance
BÍLKOVÁ, Michaela
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of transition, in the social, medical, and legal spheres. It explores the lives of trans people from their first awareness of their gender identity, through coming out, hormone therapy and gender-affirming surgery. It traces the critical moments of transition and complications that arise during it. It also explores socially conditioned attitudes and negative social reception. The empirical part is developed using a qualitative strategy, in-depth interviews with people who have gone through the process of transition. It explores how trans people experience their transition, how the decision to transition is made, their satisfaction with their transition, and more. It also focuses on the reaction of the close people and surroundings and the subsequent impact on the trans person.
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Education of Brownies and Cub Scouts. A Focuse on the Scout Centre "Čejka" in Veselí nad Moravou
Bílková, Magdaléna ; Bernard, Josef (advisor) ; Civínová, Lucie (referee)
This bachelor thesis is dealing with education of children who are in the first grade of the basic school (7, 8, 9, and 10 years of age), namely with the education of the brownies and cub scouts in the "Junák - Association of Scouts and Guides of the Czech Republic". The thesis describes the intellectual background, principles, aims, educational system and methods used in the above mentioned organization. The thesis also deals with the general problems of free-time education and shows specific approaches applied within the scout movement, namely it compares the activities done within the scout organization with other free-time activities available to children. An important part of the thesis is a methodological research based on the questionnaires. Its main target was to analyze the position of scouting among different free-time activities. The research was aimed at the parents of brownies and cub scouts from the scout centre "Čejka" in Veselí nad Moravou. The reserch showed that among all free- time activities, scouting is the activity which develops a child in the most complex way. However, it cannot compete with the specialized childern clubs which are focused on the development of a particular ability. Unfortunately, this conclusion does not have the statistic importance - due to the low return of the...
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Evaluating the Effect of Spa Treatment for Ideopatic Scoliosis
Bílková, Martina ; Pavlů, Dagmar (advisor) ; Novotná, Irena (referee)
Title Evaluating the Effect of Spa Treatment for Ideopatic Scoliosis Objectives The main objective of this work is to evaluate effect of spa treatment for children with ideopatic scoliosis at age of 12-15 years. My objective was to find out the efficiency of spa treatment. I also would like to find out a long-term effect while comparing girls and boys. A long-effect means, that the spa effect will last at least until the next spa visit. The next objective was to find out how many children are affected by ideopatic scoliosis, or how many children suffer from bad body posture. I was also seeking, if there is sufficient number of spa centers for treating these kinds of diseases in Czech Republic. Methods This work has a scientific character. It is a retrospective study focused on evaluation of the effect of spa treatment for children with ideopatic scoliosis. For evaluating the rate of improvement, informations from semi-standartized tests was used. These tests are used in the spa centre in Lázně Bělohrad, Czech Republic. I extracted a selected category of patients, compared these data, and visualised them in a graphs. There are 5 physioterapists working in this centre, and all of them are using the same methods for patient monitoring. However, all data had to be standardised before working with them,...
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Dynamic epistemic logics
Pivoňková, Martina ; Bílková, Marta (advisor) ; Sedlár, Igor (referee)
In this thesis we will deal with the logic of public announcement which is a dynamic extension of epistemic logic. First we will explain the logic of truthful public announcement for the multiagent S5 system. Then we will examine what the public announcement can look like in systems weaker than S5. We will focus namely on systems in which the T axiom is invalid and the epistemic modality is interpreted not as a "knowledge" but as a "belief". We will create new semantics of public announcement which is not necessarily truthful but it is believed to be true. We will also try to axiomatize systems that have arisen in this way. Keywords: public announcement logic, logic for belief
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Explicit fixed-points in provability logic
Chvalovský, Karel ; Švejdar, Vítězslav (advisor) ; Bílková, Marta (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to discuss the explicit calculations of xed-points in provability logic GL. The xed-point theorem reads: For every modal formula A(p) such that each occurrence of p is under the scope of ¤, there is a formula D containing only sentence letters contained in A(p), not containing the sentence letter p, such that GL proves D ' A(D). Moreover, D is unique up to the provable equivalence. Firstly, we establish some special cases of the theorem and then we will look more closely at the full theorem. We show one semantic and two syntactic full xed-point constructions and prove their correctness. We also discuss some complexity aspects connected with the constructions and present basic upper bounds on length and modal depth of the constructed xed-points.
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Semantics of some unusual modal logics
Punčochář, Vít ; Peregrin, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Bílková, Marta (referee)
The rst part deals with Carnap s contribution to the modal logic. The Carnap s work is included in the historical context. His reaction to the Lewis calculi of the strict implication is discussed and also his anticipation of the Kripkean possible worlds semantics, which the contemporary modal logic is based on. The main aim of the second part was to consider some kinds of modalities. These kinds of modalities have epistemic character because they always depend on certain knowledge. The main result of the diploma work is the introduction of four new logics. Their semantics is set up in the similar fashion in which Carnap de ned his own modal logic. Some basic features of these logics are shown and their axiomatization and relationship to some other more usual logics is investigated.
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Arithmetical completeness of the logic R
Holík, Lukáš ; Švejdar, Vítězslav (advisor) ; Bílková, Marta (referee)
The aim of this work is to use contemporary notation to build theory of Rosser logic, explain in detail its relation to Peano arithmetic, show its Kripke semantics and finally using plural self-reference show the proof of arithmetical completeness. In the last chapter we show some of the properties of Rosser sentences. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Aspects of the Cut-Elimination Theorem
Rýdl, Jiří ; Švejdar, Vítězslav (advisor) ; Bílková, Marta (referee)
I give a proof of the cut-elimination theorem (Gentzen's Hauptsatz ) for an intuitionistic multi-succedent calculus. The proof follows the strategy of eliminating topmost maximal-rank cuts that allows for a straightforward way to measure the upper bound of the increase of derivations during the procedure. The elimination of all cut inferences generates a superexponential increase. I follow the structure of the proof for classical logic given in Švejdar's [18], modifying only the critical cases related to two restricted rules. Motivated by the diversity found in the early literature on this topic, I survey selected aspects of various formulations of sequent calculi. These are reflected in the proof of the Hauptsatz and its preliminaries. In the end I give one corollary of cut elimination, the Midsequent theorem, which is one of the three applications to be found already in Gentzen's [10].
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The Beginnings and the Image of Propaganda Through Chosen American Literary Works and Newspapers at the turn of the 19th Century
Bílková, Monika ; Malý, Radek (advisor) ; Čeňková, Jana (referee)
This bachelor thesis observes selected American literary works written at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries from a bit different angle. While we usually associate the term "propaganda" with totalitarian and authoritarian regimes, fiction presents a way of entertainment. However, every literary work, whether consciously or subconsciously, still reflects the particular period. Especially the second half of the 19th century was a very turbulent era full of different changes and paradoxes. How have then the generally acknowledged notions and beliefs, as well as the harmful and challenging social norms, which have been ironically emerging even in the democratic "land of infinite possibilities" and values such as freedom and equality, been reflected in works that are respected and read to this day? Have the authors and the heroes of their stories managed to confront, and eventually escape the merciless social dictate or have they succumbed to it under the ambient pressure? The theoretical part of this thesis will introduce the definitions of propaganda as well as the general historical context. The practical part will then characterize and analyze the individual literary works. What do they say about the society at that time, and to what extent do they oppose or support it?
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