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Rationality Vs. Conflict: Radical Democracy and its Critique of Deliberative Democracy
Perović, Jovana ; Bíba, Jan (advisor) ; Znoj, Milan (referee)
Student in her thesis focuses on the work of the Belgian political theorist Chantal Mouffe and her contribution in the field of democratic theory. The first part of the thesis will examine key concepts of radical democracy: the concept of the political, antagonism, agonism, hegemony, etc. These theoretical concepts will be then applied to the current debate about the nature of democracy (with a focus on deliberative democracy). Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Islamophobia and Czech public space. Reception of cartoon affair
Sláma, Vojtěch ; Slačálek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Bíba, Jan (referee)
The theoretical part of the thesis will define the concept of Islamophobia on the basis of foreign and Czech literature. Starting point will be, inter alia, Pavel Barša's concept of the "new xenophobia" as well as a comparison between the historical anti-Semitism and contemporary Islamophobia by Matti Bunzl at the same time reflecting the arguments of critics of the concept, as they were presented by Robin Richardson. Following will be a discursive analysis of two Czech media resources: webportal Eurabia, which was the main representative of the Czech Islamophobic rhetoric in the period (2006) and a leading newspaper Mladá Fronta Dnes. The analysis will monitor the ways in which the Mohamed cartoons controversy was thematized, applied characteristics and means of expression. At the same time the thesis will confront the analysis to more general issues stemming from the dialogue with theoretical conceptualizations of Islamophobia: Can we define the analyzed sources' language as Islamophobic? Does Islamophobia actually falls into the definition of "new xenophobia", or is it only a successor of "old" xenophobia? Finally it will attempt to define whether and why the cartoons affairs is symptomatic for the Czech Islamophobia. Keywords islamophobia; new xenophobia; Muhammad cartoon crisis; discourse analysis
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Human nature as a source of moral behaviour according to Jean Jacques Rousseau
Pravda, Petr ; Znoj, Milan (advisor) ; Bíba, Jan (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on the emphasis Rousseau put on human nature. It represents for him the solution of moral depravity and deformed social conditions, which were caused by the abandonment of the state of nature and the entering of the social state. While man in the state of nature satisfies all his needs by himself and his own powers, this equilibrium is in the social state disturbed. Continually growing interests and resulting needs breed human interdependency. The originally independent, strong and free man became a dependent and week slave. This progress caused that man lost the contact with nature and began justifying his conduct on fallacious, false and mendacious grounds. Because Rousseau believed that the social and technical progress was part of the moral distortion he could not accept the traditional solution of the Enlightenment consisting in the growth of the human knowledge and improvement of reason. His solution lied rather in the recovery of contact with nature. This very effort to overcome the moral depravity and base our conduct again on the original naturalness was to make our conduct moral. Rousseau came with two solutions. The first involved the society governed by the general will, the second involved the individual education of an individual undisturbed by moral depravity. At...
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Ideology and psychoanalysis in the context of post-structurally oriented political thought
Katsaros, Denis ; Bíba, Jan (advisor) ; Barša, Pavel (referee)
The first aim of the thesis is to demonstrate the structural congruence between the discourse theory, as is formulated in the work of political philospoher Ernesto Laclau, and the Lacanian psychoanalytical discouse. Moreover, we claim that any potential attempt to remove or omit the theoretical connection with Lacanian thinking from Laclauan work is illegitimate and thwart a coherence of this work. Through this demonstration we want to reach our second aim, which is to reconstruct a theory of discourse and ideology in particular which can consistently draw upon theories of both Jacques Lacan and Ernesto Laclau. To reinforce our argumentation in context of this second aim, it turned out to be very fruitful to introduce another contemporary thinker, Slavoj Žižek, to our theoretical exposition. Joining these two aims made possible a delineation of post-structurally and at the same time psychoanalytically oriented critical political theory of ideology and society.
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Green Perspective. Variations of Green Political Thinking in the Czech Republic
Křížkovský, Matyáš ; Slačálek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Bíba, Jan (referee)
The presented work is devoted to the development of Czech environmental movement in 1990's which is accompanied by academic debate about de-radicalisation. The aim of the thesis is to explore what sort of particular changes in the field of political ideas could be identified behind notional de-radicalisation. For this purpose is first laid out the historical context within which the movements were created onto their political ideals. It is followed by an introduction of the theoretical approaches to analyse these ideologies, outlining the basic methodological assumptions for a morphological analysis of the journals of Hnuti Duha. This analysis shows that between the periods 1991-1994 and 1998-2000 can be seen significant ideological transformations that are linked both with the inclination to certain elements of conservative thought and partly an inclination to a non-political politics. Key words green political thinking, ideology, morphological analysis, environmental movement
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Defence of the classical liberalism
Kostka, Ondřej ; Znoj, Milan (advisor) ; Bíba, Jan (referee)
The goal of my work is to show some differences between classical and egalitarian liberalism. Above all I want to point out, that the egalitarian liberalism changes the understanding of freedom, which is taken by the classical liberalism as an undividable connection of economic, intellectual and cultural freedom. Egalitarian liberalism abolishes this triune union and supresses the economic freedom, which is, according to my opinion, a necessary prerequisite for development of other freedoms. Considering that egalitarian liberalism gradually gains dominant role in western political and economic thought, the crippling of the economic freedom, connected with constant growth of the power of state, can destroy the liberal order. Incidental mark of this process is also the destruction of prosperity.
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Gender quotas in politics
Mottlová, Markéta ; Bíba, Jan (advisor) ; Znoj, Milan (referee)
The main claim of my thesis is that demand of higher representation of women in politics and calling for quotas are legitimate. This claim is based on theoretical framework of descriptive and group representation. Essentialism is rejected in the line of reasoning in favour of more women in politics. Instead, current disadvantage of women and social and institutional barriers are pointed out. Although there are no common women's interestes, equality issues are predominantly placed on the political agenda by female politicians. Besides gender stereotypes the biggest obstacle for women in politics are their own political parties because they nominate few women and they do not place them at the top of candidate lists. Civic Democratic Party before election to Chamber of Deputies in 2013 was an example of the concept glass cliff when women get to leadership positions in the context of crisis. Quotas are based on mistrust of gradual development. Efficiency of quotas depends on how many political parties use them and in which position in parlament these parties are. The order of candidates on the ballots is also important. Nowadays there is a proposal of legislative quotas which would be obligatory for all political parties.
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Populism in Ukrainian Politics
Savkova, Vladislava ; Bíba, Jan (advisor) ; Soušková, Tereza (referee)
(in English) The main goal of the thesis will be to analyze the concept of populism and its application to the current Ukraine in the conditions of the election campaign 2019. Yulia Tymoshenko as a Ukrainian politician, former Prime Minister of Ukraine and candidate for the post of President of Ukraine will be the key subject of this research. The work will be divided into 4 parts. The first two theoretical parts will focus on the conceptual definition of populism, its theoretical framework, the problem of the exact definition of populism, focus on the characteristic features of populism according to Paul Taggart and the method of populism as a form of political practice and also the cause of its rise in nowadays world. The last two parts will analyze the hypothesis whether Yulia Tymoshenko and her rhetoric are fulfilling the populist characteristics mentioned in the theoretical part, which could be useful as an example for future research of other politicians and their rhetorics. Content analysis will be used to analyze Tymoshenko's political program, debates and statements in the media and social networks in the period February 2018 to April 2019.
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Conservative Discontent with Liberal Democracy. Carl Schmitt and Ernst Jünger
Kúr, Jiří ; Znoj, Milan (advisor) ; Bíba, Jan (referee)
Liberal democracy is a representative goverment that combines the principles of liberal and democratic. The Bachelor thesis will be devoted to conservative criticism of the political system, which in the days of the Weimar Republic in german enviroment was formulated by Carl Schmitt and Ernst Jünger. The Weimar republic for the time of its functioning, in the period after the World War I and in the 30's, was under pressure from the extreme left and the right, immedidiately threatened its existence. On this critism of the serious crisis of the state responded Carl Schmitt in his work. The key work in this regard is the Concept of Political, which is reviewed by Ernst Jünger. This creates a critical dialogue framed by the German Conservative Revolutionary movement, criticising fragile democracy of the Weimar Republic and the leveling collectivism, the triumf of the masses of the individuals and the common man dictatorship, and the pluralism, which is a direct consequence of the deformation and degradation of parlamentarism. Key words Carl Schmitt, Ernst Jünger, the political, conservatism, nationalism, German Conservative Revolution, The Weimar Republic, crisis of parliamentarism, critique of liberal democracy
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Violence and the Political
Svorník, Petr ; Slačálek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Bíba, Jan (referee)
The main subject of this paper is the course of state and violence under the impact of processes of globalization and privatization, culminating in the beginning of 21st century. Max Weber's definition of state as the monopoly on legitimate violence within certain area is highlighted, the aim of this work is to show current unsustainability of a nation state by this definition and also to describe other possible meanings of state in globalized world. After the theoretical introduction characterization of historical process of monopolization of violence by the state follows - contemporary course looks like the exact opposite of historical process, during which the state expropriated all of the other possessors of rights to use physical force. Next chapter depicts the present-day role of the state in globalized world and also possible re-interpretaions of this role for new, cosmpolitan state, whose task should be worldwide promotion of human rights and defence against planetary self-destruction. The paper is closed by emphasis on openness of the whole process - transnational companies try to promote an opinion that there is no chance of state's survival - that is true, but only for the state defined in national, not cosmopolitan terms.
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