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Security sector reform and post conflict peacebuilding in Afghanistan
Daim, Makam khan ; Visoka, Gëzim (advisor) ; Aslan, Emil (referee)
Security Sector Reform (SSR) is considered a significant feature in post-conflict peacebuilding efforts typically employed by states and international partners. Recently, the concept of SSR has played a significant role in the statebuilding process in Afghanistan after the Taliban regime; however, a disorganised and unplanned withdrawal poses severe threats to the security sector. This thesis explores the SSR efforts made by the western states after the end of the Taliban regime. The holistic approaches present in policy and strategy documents are quite challenging when it comes to SSR implementation in a post-conflict country ruled by an insurgent group for years. This thesis illustrates two competing approaches that show how SSR played a role in the post-conflict peacebuilding within Afghanistan and how peace spoilers and US/NATO withdrawal will impact the gains of twenty years in SSR. In order to better analyse the SSR process, a case study of the Afghan National Police is used. Moreover, this thesis offers some practical policy recommendations that can be useful for the concept of SSR in Afghanistan. This thesis does not offer a solution to the challenges of SSR in post-conflict countries like Afghanistan. Yet, it suggests that an uncoordinated withdrawal of external powers can negatively...
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Drivers of violent extremism in Central Asian States: A comparative analysis
Niiazbek Kyzy, Aida ; Aslan, Emil (advisor) ; Anceschi, Luca (referee)
DRIVERS OF VIOLENT EXTREMISM IN CENTRAL ASIAN STATES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS Abstract Achieving success in the fight against extremism is impossible without understanding its causes and conditions of occurrence. Solving the problem of preventing and qualifying extremist manifestations requires understanding the essence and the determinants of violent extremism. This thesis analyses the main driving factors for violent extremism, particularly for Central Asian states and carries out a comparative analysis for five given states. Based on this goal, this thesis explores the concept of radicalization and violent extremism, considers various models of radicalisation that exist in the literature, and indicates the main reasons and conditions affecting radicalisation that are peculiar to the Central Asian states. Using a systematic approach and a comparative analysis of the available literature, synthesis and logical generalisation of the results obtained, the article clarifies the concept of violent extremism and its signs. Also, it highlights a complex of contextual risk factors for radicalisation specific to the states of the region. The use of the research results can contribute to a deeper understanding of the causes of violent extremism and, as a result, it can help to improve preventive measures in Central...
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The main causes of migration in the Middle East: Is migration predominantly caused by armed conflicts?
Béres, Dóra ; Karásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Aslan, Emil (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the causes of migration with a special focus on the relationship between international irregular migration and armed conflicts. The first part of the thesis consists of a short overview on the security challenges in the 21st century as a method of approach to the migration topic. Engaging the issue, I clear first the definition then overview the common causes of migration in the Middle East, my geographical area of research. Using Lee's theory of migration, I identify the main push and pull factors behind an individual's or group's decision to leave the homeland. The main part of dissertation deals with the armed conflicts in the Middle East and its effect on the volume of migration. Investigating the different aspects of the topic I narrow my research to Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, Yemen, and the Palestinian territory. In the last part of the dissertation through a descriptive analysis of two case studies I apply Lee's theory to show the chain process that led to the today experienced large-scale migration of Syrian and Iraqi people. As a conclusion, the research question addressed by stating that in the Middle East from the many push factors of migration the armed conflict represents the greatest threat.
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Conflict Dynamics in the Power-sharing Postconflict States
Podhorský, Vojtěch ; Aslan, Emil (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
Power-sharing has become a frequent approach to conflict resolution and postconflict reconstruction in deeply divided multi-ethnic states. Although most of the power-sharing arrangements failed within the first years after their establishment, a few contemporary cases are associated with successful power-sharing, namely with the consociational model. This work aims to determine the impact of the power-sharing arrangement on conflict dynamics and vice versa, thus the development of the model in the long term. Designs, aims and theoretical predictions of two power-sharing models, specifically consociational and centripetal models, are elaborated and subsequently compared with the after-civil war development in Lebanon and Burundi from 2005 to 2019. The periods are divided into time units bounded by amendments of the power-sharing arrangements and peace agreements. That enables to observe the development of both conflict dynamics and models. Political and civil society developments, conflicts registered in the UCDP database and political crisis are considered and put into the context of power-sharing arrangements. Based on the results, I claim that conflict dynamics from the last civil war are maintained on elites' level in the long term, while the gap between elites and masses has widened. Also, the...
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Platform governance triangle: The case of the EU Regulation on preventing the dissemination of illegal terrorist content online
Miksová, Karolína ; Aslan, Emil (advisor) ; Rosendorf, Ondřej (referee)
The thesis focuses on the relationship between the European Union and platform companies, and it tries to explore a debate about binding regulations regarding the moderation of illegal content online. The Regulation on preventing the dissemination of illegal terrorist content online from 2018 was applied as the case to test the arguments. The thesis applies the concept of platform governance triangle to analyse whether the Regulation has the potential to be effective. The research argues that the effectiveness of the Regulation depends on the actors competencies, the legitimation of the Regulation and how it was contested during the decision-making process, and finally on the power relations between actors and the tools to monitor and enforce the Regulation. The research shows that the EU has extensive competencies in areas of independence, representativeness and expertise due to the work of EU specialised agencies. Platform companies, on the other hand, possess unique technical competencies to moderate terrorist content online. Furthermore the specific design of the Regulation, and the fact that it was designed under the ordinary legislative procedure and was contested by various actors, suggest the Regulation is legitimate. Finally, the monitoring and enforcement tools in terms of sanctions could...
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