|
| |
|
|
Assesment of diagnostic methods for immunologically based skin diseases
Brodská, Petra ; Pizinger, Karel (advisor) ; Arenberger, Petr (referee) ; Skořepová, Magdalena (referee)
Background: Atopic dermatitis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease. Numerous IgE-inducing allergens play role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Malassezia, the predominant skin microbiota fungus, is considered to exacerbate atopic dermatitis, especially in a subset of patients with head and neck type. In the present study the relationship between atopic dermatitis and sensitization to Malassezia antigens was investigated. Methods: We assessed 240 patients with atopic dermatitis seen at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital in Zürich, Switzerland and at the Department of Dermatovenereology, University Hospital in Pilsen, Czech Republic. The subgroup of patients with primarily head, neck and upper torso pattern of atopic dermatitis was considered as HNAD type. Severity of eczema was assessed with EASI in Switzerland and with SCORAD in the Czech Republic. Total serum IgE and specific IgE to Malassezia were determined and correlated with clinical picture of atopic dermatitis, gender, age and severity of eczema. Results: Total IgE was elevated in 72.5% of patients. Specific IgE to Malassezia was positive (≥ 0.35 kU/l) in 54.2% of patients. Men were significantly more often sensitized to Malassezia antigen (63.5% of men versus 47.1% of women, p-value 0.013). Concurrently, patients...
|
|
|
New Diagnostic Methods in Dermatology: Non-invasive Diagnosis of Non-melanoma Skin Cancer
Kříž, Martin ; Arenberger, Petr (advisor) ; Pavel, Stanislav (referee) ; Vašků, Vladimír (referee)
Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most prevalent cancer in the light-skinned population. New less- or non-invasive treatments are increasingly used for NMSC patients, making the development of non-invasive diagnostic technologies highly relevant. The scope of this work is to present data on the current state-of-art in diagnostic methods for NMSC and actinic keratosis. Different key words were searched through scientific search-engines. Results of the two of our studies are presented. Encouraging results from the reviewed diagnostic trials have suggested a high diagnostic accuracy for many of the new technologies. New imaging technologies have the capability of providing new or additional data or enough information in vivo to understand of NMSC development and to help the clinical diagnostics. Some of the new technologies, especially the high frequency ultrasonography described in the paper have the potential to be used in the daily praxis of NMSC diagnostic. The fluorescence diagnostic brings in our point of view a great merit in second line diagnostics of advanced and not clear cases.
|
|
|
Evaluation of adjuvant treatment of malignant melanoma by real time RT-PCR
Gkalpakiotis, Spyridon ; Arenberger, Petr (advisor) ; Resl, Vladimír (referee) ; Pánková, Růžena (referee)
Melanoma is one of the tumors, characterized by considerable heterogeneity of expression of tumor-specific protein. Monitoring two or more markers can significantly increase the efficiency of detection. In our study, we concentrated to 5 marker: Melan-A/MART-1, gp 100, MAGE-3, MIA and Tyrosinase. Another potential tumor marker was telomerase. The most sensitive marker of progression proved to MAGE-3 (17 of 18 patients), followed by the positive marker gp100 (10 of 18 patients), MIA (9 of 18) and Tyrosinase (1 of 18). The Melan-A there was no statistically significant increase over the cutoff for all monitored patients with progression. Tyrosinase as a marker for circulating melanoma cells used in the past most frequently. Her role as a marker is highly debated and varies in different publications. For example The effectiveness of investigations Tyrosinase as the only marker of progression ranged from 6% to 59%. The reason may be technical error, a high percentage of false positives such as because of contamination or reduce expression Tyrosinase in advanced stages, which is associated with reducing the differentiation of tumor cells and decrease tumor melanization. Given that our work with progressive disease, most often found at the same time three positive markers, supports the detection of several marker...
|
|
|
Photodynamic therapy and diagnostic in dermatology
Kacerovská, Denisa ; Pizinger, Karel (advisor) ; Arenberger, Petr (referee) ; Ettler, Karel (referee) ; Vašků, Vladimír (referee)
Background Based on news about hypericin (HYP) as a potent photosensitizer with promising photobiological activities, we decided to try it as a topically applied photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Objective The aim of this single-centre, prospective study was to investigate the effectiveness of topical HYP-PDT treatment for non melanoma skin cancer. Methods The study was carried out on 34 patients (20 male and 14 women in the 32 to 83 years age range) with actinic keratoses (AK), basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and Bowen's disease. The patients were treated once a week with HYP in a glycerol solution and a red light dose of 75 J/cm2 for 6 weeks on average. Results The percentage of complete clinical response was 50% for AKs, 24% in patients with superficial BCC and 40% in patients with Bowen's disease. Complete clinical response did not occur in the group with nodular BCCs. A complete histological response rate was found out in 12% of patients with superficial BCCs and 80% in the patients with Bowen's disease. No control biopsies were performed after the treatment of AKs. All patients complained of burning and pain sensations during irradiation. Conclusion The topical HYP-PDT is a promising treatment for non melanoma skin cancer although the results of our study were less successful in...
|
|
|
Effect of gene expression in hyperproliterative skin diseases
Lysá, Barbora ; Arenberger, Petr (advisor) ; Kohoutová, Milada (referee) ; Brdička, Radim (referee) ; Nečas, Emanuel (referee)
The introductory part of this thesis gives insight into selected aspects of the issue deals with hyperproliferative outlining the molecular basis of skin diseases, which are included in addition to psoriasis as well as the characteristic representative of non-melanoma skin cancers. Further analyzes partly exogenous influence of UV radiation on their formation. The actual research work is focused on a group of genes whose expression was studied in actinic keratosis disease in relation to its treatment of topical immunomodulators - imiquimod. Examined genes can be divided into groups of genes modulating the immune response, genes involved in apoptotic processes and the genes playing a potential role in tumor formation.
|
|
|
Obesity in Patiens with Psoriasis as a Risk Factor of Ischemic Heart Disease
Kadlecová, Markéta ; Arenberger, Petr (advisor)
Psoriasis is a chronic, systemic, inflammatory skin disease. There is a significant risk of many comorbidities in psoriatic patients, the most prominent of these being Metabolic Syndrome (obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipoproteinemia). Metabolic Syndrome contributes to increased mortality and morbidity rate, owing to cardiovascular diseases in particular. Psoriasis itself is another contributing factor. In comparison with normal population, the mortality rate in patients with severe psoriasis is two times higher. Psoriasis and some of its comorbidities have the same pathophysiology. The same cytokines, such as TNF-alpha and inflammatory cells are involved. Integrated approach in therapy focused on the underlying inflammation may reduce the cardiovascular risk in obese patients with psoriasis. An important step in the care of patients with this combination of ailments is the prevention of ischemic heart disease, as the risk of it is higher in them. Apart from general recommendations, one can apply specific approaches. An example of these is the treatment of obesity-induced inflammation, secondary prevention of psoriasis, anti-inflammatory systemic therapy and biological therapy.
|
|
|
Skin equivalents in basic and applied research: Development of human hair equivalents
Havlíčková, Blanka ; Arenberger, Petr (advisor) ; Pánková, Růžena (referee) ; Salavec, Miloslav (referee) ; Vízek, Martin (referee)
In this study, three novel organotypic human folliculoid assays for basic and applied hair research were developed. Two organotypic "sandwich" systems consist of a pseudodermis (collagen I mixed with and contracted by human interfollicular dermal fibroblasts) on which one of two upper layers is placed: either a mixture of Matrigel™ and follicular dermal papilla fibroblasts (DPC), with outer root sheath keratinocytes (ORSK) layered on the top ("layered sandwich" system), or a mixture of Matrigel™, DPC and ORSK ("mixed sandwich" system). Third, the patented new technique generating human folliculoid microspheres (HFM), consisting of human DPC and ORSK within an extracellular matrix was established. Studying a number of different markers (e.g. proliferation, apoptosis, cytokeratin- 6, versican), it was shown that these folliculoid systems, cultured under well-defined conditions retain several essential epithelial-mesenchymal interactions characteristic for human scalp hair follicle. Selected, recognized hair growthmodulatory agents modulate these parameters in a manner that suggests that all developed organotypic systems allow the standardized pre-clinical assessment of test agents on relevant human hair growth markers under substantially simplified in vitro conditions that approximate the in vivo situation....
|
|
|
Glycophenotype of the Epidermis under Physiological and Pathological Conditions
Lacina, Lukáš ; Smetana, Karel (advisor) ; Zámečník, Josef (referee) ; Arenberger, Petr (referee)
Galectins-1,-3 and -7 are expressed in human epidermis. Galectin-1 and his binding sites are expressed there in the nuclei of cells which are closely related to or are identical with the stem cell population. Expression pattern of galectin-3 is differentiation-dependent in tissue as well as in vitro. Binding sites for this galectin are present in the similar manner. Expression of galectin-7 is not observed in differentiation-dependent manner. Binding sites for this member of galectins family were never observed in the epidermis. Galectin-2 is expressed in the nuclei of fibroblast under stress conditions. Expression of observed galectins and their binding sites in basal cell carcinoma and in psoriatic plaque refers to the differentiation level. We emphasize the lack of galectin-7 and binding sites for galectin-3 in basal cell carcinoma epithelium. Highly typical is abundant presence of galectin-1 in the stroma of basal cell carcinoma and in dermis of psoriatic plaque. We have also observed the dependence of galectin-7 expression on differentiation of squamous cell carcinoma. This relationship has no correlation to the survival of patients. The biological activity of stromal fibroblast toward to normal keratinocytes resulting in induction of "cancer-like" phenotype is the highlight of this study.
|
|
| |
guest ::
