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Contribution to the plasticity of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) PB) in the saltI contamined soil
Šerá, Božena ; Gajdová, Iveta ; Nováková, Markéta
Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus - galli (L.) PB) is one of the major weeds, growing especially in the warmer parts of our country. This species was repeatedly found about different types of communications during a research of vegetation along roads and highways. Probably, the species has wide niche that allows it to exist even in adverse conditions, e.g. salt-contaminated area along roads. The aim of the study was to confirm that barnyardgrass can grow successfully in the salted substrate and how concentration of NaCl may inhibit its growth. Growing tests were carried out in a cultivate room on young plants which were grown in standard soil substrate with added sodium chloride (NaCl: 0.00 %, 0.12 %, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.99 %, 1.96 %). The study found a successful growth of under- and aboveground biomass in substrates with lower concentrations of NaCl (to 0.50 %). In the substrate from concentration of 0.99 % a significant decrease of dry biomass and production of both under- and aboveground organs were found. Plant growth under different salinity stress is discussed in more detail in the text.
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Regenerative ability of slender speedwell (Veronica filiformis SM.)
Šerá, Božena
The experiment was focused on clonal development of Slender speedwell (Veronica filiformis Sm.) from small cutting stems without using of stimulative agents. Short stems from four various part of aboveground body were cultivated: main terminal part, secondary terminal part, small nodes, and big nodes. All different vegetative parts were able to produce roots, take roots in soil substrate and in semi-natural meadow, survive winter, and make flower. The species was more successful in company with these meadow plants: Lotus corniculatus, Medicago lupulina, Achillea millefolium, Plantago lanceolata, Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia, Trifolium repens and Crepis biennis. The best growth was confirmed for both of main and lateral terminal parts. These terminal segments had the greatest number of survived individuals, flowering stem, and weigh of dried parts.
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The growth of large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) SCOP). biomass in salt contaminate soil - a greenhouse experiment
Nováková, Markéta ; Gajdová, Iveta ; Šerá, Božena
Large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) SCOP.) is not registered on the list of Ellenbergs halophytic plant species. Despite it is a frequent species commonly growing along the roads on salt contaminated soils. The tests in the greenhouse were focused on finding the values of salinity in which Large crabgrass may produce biomass. Standard soil substrate contaminated by salt NaCl in the range from 0.12 % to 1.96 % was used. Tests have shown successful growth of underground and aboveground biomasses of tested plants in soil contaminated by lower concentrations of salt. Some plants despite the loss of biomass at higher concentrations were able to create generative organs with seeds. It was documented that Large crabgrass is a facultative halophyte.
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Roadsides function as halophyte habitats in the landscape
Šerá, Božena
Vegetation lines along roads are localities of secondary habitation of salt-tolerant species. Along roads in the Czech Republic, at least sixteen wildly growing halophytes and many other salt-tolerant species were found. Roads are known for being corridors for not only migration of small animals, but also expansive, invasive and halophytic plants. Since many plants growing along roads are weeds, there is a real danger that these plants will invade nearby agricultural crops. Thus biological degradation of agricultural areas can be started, and consequently financial loss due to damaged harvest can be caused. This article discusses weed species and salt-tolerant species growing along roads of various types in the Czech Republic.
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