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Statistical analyses of Land Surface Temperature in Local Climate Zones: Case study of Brno and Prague (Czech Republic)
Geletič, Jan ; Dobrovolný, Petr ; Lehnert, M.
The classification of "local climate zones" (LCZs) emerged in urban climatology to standardize description of urban climate research sites. One of the goals of classification was to get beyond urban-rural dichotomy which enabled to study urban air temperature field in more detail. Based on empirical and modelling work LCZ have proven effective in examining intra-urban air temperature differences, however a robust examination of intra-urban land surface temperatures using the LCZ framework remains elusive. In this study a GIS-based method is used for LCZ delimitation in Prague and Brno (Czech Republic), while land surface temperatures (LSTs) derived from LANDSAT and ASTER satellite data are employed for exploring the extent to which LCZ classes discriminate with respect to LSTs. Results indicate that LCZs demonstrate the features typical of LST variability, and thus typical surface temperatures differ significantly among most LCZs. ANOVA and subsequent multiple comparison tests demonstrated that significant temperature differences between the various LCZs prevail in both cities (89.3% and 91.6% significant LST differences for Brno and Prague respectively). In general, LCZ 8 (large low-rise buildings), LCZ 10 (heavy industry) and LCZ D (low plants) are well-distinguishable, while LCZ 2 (compact midrise), LCZ 4 (open high-rise), and LCZ 9 (sparsely built-up) are less distinguishable in terms of their LST. In most of the scenes LCZ 10 (heavy industry), LCZ 2 (mid-rise buildings) and LCZ 3 (low-rise building) are the warmest and LCZ G (water bodies) and LCZ A (dense forest) are the coolest zones in term of their LST. Further studies are needed to account for observational errors (such as seasons differences or thermal anisotropy) on LCZ LST patterns.
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Modelling assessment of scenarios of urban development to air quality and thermal comfort at street level
Resler, Jaroslav ; Krč, Pavel ; Belda, Michal ; Juruš, Pavel ; Benešová, N. ; Vlček, O. ; Damašková, D. ; Eben, Kryštof ; Derbek, P.
A new model for simulations of urban environment USM was developed and integrated into LES model PALM inside the project UrbanAdapt. The model allows simulations of air flow, radiation, air temperature and temperature of materials, air pollution and indices MRT and PET in fine resolution. The surrounding of a crossroad of the streets Komunardu and Delnicka in Praha-Holesovice was chosen as a pilot area in collaboration with IPR Prague. Studied scenarios included changes of housing development as well as assessment of different types of plant canopy and sensitivity studies of the colour of walls, roofs, streets and pavements.
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Development and validation of the new model of thermal conditions of urban environment in fine resolution
Resler, Jaroslav ; Krč, Pavel ; Belda, Michal ; Juruš, Pavel ; Benešová, N. ; Lopata, J. ; Vlček, O. ; Damašková, D. ; Eben, Kryštof ; Derbek, P. ; Maronga, P. ; Kanani-Sühring, F.
The assessment of different scenarios of the city development to air quality and thermal comfort in the areas of street canyons was our main goal inside the project UrbanAdapt. It follows the need for a model which allows to simulate air flows in fine resolution of the order of meter and realistically predict turbulence in the complex terrain of streets and buildings. The LES models comply with such requirements but the review showed that there was no free available LES model which could model the energy exchange in urban environment, i.e. the interaction of energy and air flows including effects of vegetation and different properties of urban surfaces and materials. Thus we decided to extend the existing LES model PALM by a new module USM (Urban Surface Model) which describes the most important energy exchanges in the urban environment. The validation of the model was done against observations obtained by IR camera in the course of heat wave episode in July 2015.
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