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(Non-)discrimination against female job applicants for maternity-related reasons: experiment
Bartoš, Vojtěch
In this study we investigate possible discrimination against female job applicants, in the form of a lower probability of being invited for interview in the periods of their career when 1) it is expected they may soon take maternity leave, and 2) their family commitments are considered to limit their working capacity. We carry out a correspondence experiment, in which we construct fictitious profiles for otherwise identical women and men aged either 29 or 41 years, childless or with two children. During the experiment we contact 599 Czech firms, sending them the CVs of the fictitious male and female job applicants. The differences in the level of positive replies received from the firms serve as an indicator of the potential employers' attitudes towards men and women.
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State officials: what is their number, where and at what wages they work?
Bouchal, Petr ; Janský, Petr
In this work, on the basis of available data, we submit and quantify the numbers and wages of civil servants and their trend during the last ten years. On the basis of data from final national account we refer to their restriction. We warn of fields and topics, in which the decision-making on civil servants, including preparations for new law, is need to be supported by more quality date and more detailed analysis.
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The profitability of pension system and impact of its reforms on men and women
Šatava, Jiří
Based on a representative database of 7,000 men and women, we calculate the profitability of the pension system for men and women and its changes due to "small" and "large" reform. Profitability is measured using an indicator of pension wealth as the difference between the present value of future pensions and future contributions to the pension system. Profitability for individuals varies according to gender, age, income level and other factors.
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Regional differences in purchasing power: price levels, wages and pensions
Janský, Petr ; Bajgar, M.
Price levels affect real incomes across countries and regions. We compare real incomes of workers\nand pensioners across 14 regions of the Czech Republic. We find that taking into account regional\ndifferences in price levels compresses the income differences between regions for private sector\nemployees, but increases them for pensioners and some groups of public-sector employees. This\nresult is strengthened when we employ microeconomic data to reflect the education, occupations,\nage and gender of workers. Private-sector wages in Prague are 43% higher than in the rest of the\ncountry, but one half of this difference can be explained by Prague’s higher price level and the\nother half by workers’ characteristics. When we take these two factors into account, public-sector\nwages and pensions are the lowest in Prague. We discuss the benefi ts and costs of the government reflecting the regional price levels in setting public-sector wages or pensions.\n\n
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Preparing for the eight-year gymnasium: the great pupil steeplechase
Federičová, Miroslava ; Münich, Daniel
Nearly 20% of all fifth-year pupils apply for entry to eight-year gymnasium, but fewer than half of them are successful. The vast majority apply on the basis of their own and their parents‘ joint interests. Preparation for the entry exams is a burden both for the children and their parents, whether in the form of lost free time, or in terms of financial outlayings for tutoring, preparatory courses and practice tests. Nearly 85% of those enrolled to take the entry examinations dedicate time weekly to their preparation, and each day sees almost one in two of these pupils busy with preparation. Intensive preparation vastly increases the likelihood of acceptance for the lowerachieving half of candidates. For the higher-achieving half, intensive preparation is rather an insurance measure, to ensure that the very hard-working candidates from the lower half will not overtake them. There are many indications that intensive extra-curricular study in preparation for the entry examinations for eight-year gymnasium significantly improves pupils‘ knowledge and skills. In this, will power, perseverance, ambition, rigour and pressure from the parents play a significant role.
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