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Nutrition in Gouty Arthritis: from Past to Present, the Real Possibilities of Influence by Nutrition and the Consequences of strict diet restriction
Látalová, Ivana ; Pavelka, Karel (advisor) ; Žák, Aleš (referee)
It is a short work devoted to a disease called gout. The work can be divided into 3 parts. The first part deals with the development of the disease and its treatment. It is also described recent pharmacological treatment of gout and the latest drugs for this disease. Because the work is treated as final in the field of nutrition therapy constitutes a large part of dietary management and diet, which is appropriate to comply with this disease. The work also includes research on disease among patients with gout. These patients were asked about their knowledge of the disease, age, gender and adherence to the diet. The research evaluates whether patients consumed alcoholic beverages. The project also sought individual doctor by profession, in which patients with gout treated. Research data were obtained anonymously from patients at the pharmacy. The research was evaluated using graphs. Results obtained in this research are not very optimistic. Patients have incomplete information. They are usually do not comply with diet. Most patients also admitted to drinking alcoholic beverages. Finally, work is a statement that it would be possible to improve the health status of patients suffering from gout, by following dietary regimen and compliance with the principles of a healthy lifestyle. Key words: Gout,...
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ANCA-Associated Vasculitides : Complex Diagnostic Approach
Hrušková, Zdenka ; Posová, Helena (advisor) ; Stříž, Ilja (referee) ; Žák, Aleš (referee)
Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess cellular immunity parameters in patients with ANCA (Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibodies)-associated vasculitides (AAV) at different stages of the disease, with different treatment modalities, and with respect to the long-term prognosis of the patients. Methods: We examined 69 patients with AAV, 30 healthy individuals and 20 patients with chronic kidney disease. Using flow cytometry, the following markers were assessed in peripheral blood cells: surface molecules (CD4, CD8, CD3, CD19, CD80, CD86, HLA-DR, CD28, CXCR3, CCR5, CD30 and CRTH2) and intracellular cytokines (interferon gamma (IFN), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF), interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 in CD3+ T cells and IL-10 and IL-12 in monocytes). Results: Patients with AAV had decreased total number of lymphocytes, CD4+ cells, and CD4+CD45RA+ cells compared to healthy controls (p<0.001). Active patients had increased CD30 and CRTH2 expression (p<0.05). Increased CCR5 expression persisted in remission. Increased HLA-DR expression, expansion of CD28 subpopulation and increased IFN production were noted in remission but not in active disease. Patients in remission who developed a relapse during follow-up had significantly lower IL-10 production than those without relapse (p<0.01). Conclusions: Taken...
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The influence of menopause on risk factors for atherosclerosis
Lejsková, Magdalena ; Alušík, Štefan (advisor) ; Žák, Aleš (referee) ; Kvapil, Milan (referee)
Introduction: While low in women of childbearing age, cardiovascular risk rises quickly after menopause. It is a well known fact that cholesterolemia increases in the absence of ovarian estrogen secretion, and a number of studies have demonstrated an increasing incidence of metabolic syndrome (MS) following menopause. Despite this, conclusive evidence for most of the MS components is unavailable, and an increase in insulin resistance due to menopause has likewise not been documented. The aim of our study was to determine the effect of menopause on selected cardiovascular risk factors in Czech women. Methods: A total of 909 women, as a random 5% sample of female residents of Prague 4 aged 45-55 years, were enrolled. Fasting blood samples were obtained, a thorough history was taken, necessary anthropometric measurements and ultrasound examinations of arteries were performed. Results: In multivariate regression analysis, postmenopausal status, not age, was the only predictor of combined markers, i.e., MS as defined by NCEP-ATPIII (p = 0.03) and atherogenic lipid indexes (total cholesterol/HDL-C, p = 0.002; LDL-C/HDL-C, p = 0.004; apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I, p = 0.004). While age was the strongest predictor of individual components of MS, menopausal status was only associated with waist circumference...
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The size of individual lipoproteins in various pathological conditions
Dušejovská, Magdaléna ; Žák, Aleš (advisor) ; Kalousová, Marta (referee) ; Kraml, Pavel (referee)
Metabolic syndrome (MS) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) represent two clinical- pathologic states with increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular complications with considerable impact on the quality of life of the patients. The knowledge about the changes in distribution of individual lipoprotein subfractions could countribute to the estimation of risk of atherosclerosis development. The studies presented in this thesis aimed at analyses of subfractions of LDL and HDL in the abovementioned pathologic states; moreover, we tried to elucidate the associations of changes in lipoprotein subfractions with clinical as well as biochemical alterations. The Study I was a placebo controlled study observing the effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids of n-3 family (PUFA n-3) administration to patients with MS who were divided to statin-treated ones (36 patients), and those without statin therapy (24 probands). The Study II comprised of 57 patients with ESRD on high volume haemodiafiltration (HV-HDF). In this Study, the parameters after 5-year follow-up were compared with baseline characteristics. Also, we included comparisons with the control group of 50 age and sex matched patients without the signs of ESRD. In Study I, we observed lowering of triacylglycerol and cholesterol content in VLDL...
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Nutrition in Gouty Arthritis: from Past to Present, the Real Possibilities of Influence by Nutrition and the Consequences of strict diet restriction
Látalová, Ivana ; Pavelka, Karel (advisor) ; Žák, Aleš (referee)
It is a short work devoted to a disease called gout. The work can be divided into 3 parts. The first part deals with the development of the disease and its treatment. It is also described recent pharmacological treatment of gout and the latest drugs for this disease. Because the work is treated as final in the field of nutrition therapy constitutes a large part of dietary management and diet, which is appropriate to comply with this disease. The work also includes research on disease among patients with gout. These patients were asked about their knowledge of the disease, age, gender and adherence to the diet. The research evaluates whether patients consumed alcoholic beverages. The project also sought individual doctor by profession, in which patients with gout treated. Research data were obtained anonymously from patients at the pharmacy. The research was evaluated using graphs. Results obtained in this research are not very optimistic. Patients have incomplete information. They are usually do not comply with diet. Most patients also admitted to drinking alcoholic beverages. Finally, work is a statement that it would be possible to improve the health status of patients suffering from gout, by following dietary regimen and compliance with the principles of a healthy lifestyle. Key words: Gout,...
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The influence of menopause on risk factors for atherosclerosis
Lejsková, Magdalena ; Alušík, Štefan (advisor) ; Žák, Aleš (referee) ; Kvapil, Milan (referee)
Introduction: While low in women of childbearing age, cardiovascular risk rises quickly after menopause. It is a well known fact that cholesterolemia increases in the absence of ovarian estrogen secretion, and a number of studies have demonstrated an increasing incidence of metabolic syndrome (MS) following menopause. Despite this, conclusive evidence for most of the MS components is unavailable, and an increase in insulin resistance due to menopause has likewise not been documented. The aim of our study was to determine the effect of menopause on selected cardiovascular risk factors in Czech women. Methods: A total of 909 women, as a random 5% sample of female residents of Prague 4 aged 45-55 years, were enrolled. Fasting blood samples were obtained, a thorough history was taken, necessary anthropometric measurements and ultrasound examinations of arteries were performed. Results: In multivariate regression analysis, postmenopausal status, not age, was the only predictor of combined markers, i.e., MS as defined by NCEP-ATPIII (p = 0.03) and atherogenic lipid indexes (total cholesterol/HDL-C, p = 0.002; LDL-C/HDL-C, p = 0.004; apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I, p = 0.004). While age was the strongest predictor of individual components of MS, menopausal status was only associated with waist circumference...
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ANCA-Associated Vasculitides : Complex Diagnostic Approach
Hrušková, Zdenka ; Posová, Helena (advisor) ; Stříž, Ilja (referee) ; Žák, Aleš (referee)
Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess cellular immunity parameters in patients with ANCA (Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibodies)-associated vasculitides (AAV) at different stages of the disease, with different treatment modalities, and with respect to the long-term prognosis of the patients. Methods: We examined 69 patients with AAV, 30 healthy individuals and 20 patients with chronic kidney disease. Using flow cytometry, the following markers were assessed in peripheral blood cells: surface molecules (CD4, CD8, CD3, CD19, CD80, CD86, HLA-DR, CD28, CXCR3, CCR5, CD30 and CRTH2) and intracellular cytokines (interferon gamma (IFN), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF), interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 in CD3+ T cells and IL-10 and IL-12 in monocytes). Results: Patients with AAV had decreased total number of lymphocytes, CD4+ cells, and CD4+CD45RA+ cells compared to healthy controls (p<0.001). Active patients had increased CD30 and CRTH2 expression (p<0.05). Increased CCR5 expression persisted in remission. Increased HLA-DR expression, expansion of CD28 subpopulation and increased IFN production were noted in remission but not in active disease. Patients in remission who developed a relapse during follow-up had significantly lower IL-10 production than those without relapse (p<0.01). Conclusions: Taken...
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