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A pragmatic conception of meaning and emotion in music
Sadílková, Alžběta ; Kolman, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Švec, Ondřej (referee)
The aim of the presented bachelor thesis is to define a possible form of pragmatic conception of musical meaning. To accomplish this goal, we work with three theoretical components, which we analyze and then layer on top of each other in such a way as to form a logical whole. The first of these components is the pragmatic maxim formulated by Charles S. Peirce, which defines the meaning of a fact as the sum of its possible practical consequences. In the field of music, we choose to identify the listener's emotions as these consequences, and thus the second of our components is John Dewey's theory through which we characterize emotions as consisting, first, of internal and external parts, and secondly as arising from a certain conflict. The third component, which we operate with in the framework of the thesis, is the application of the mentioned conflict to the phenomenon of musical expectation and the attempt to analyse it with the help of the insights of David Huron and Leonard B. Meyer. The latter also dealt with the problem of the connection between emotions, pragmatism and music. We therefore use his study as inspiration and a source of possible procedure methods and in the last stage of the paper we evaluate to what extent our conclusions regarding pragmatic conceptions of musical meaning and...
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The Limits of Freedom
Trojan, Radim ; Švec, Ondřej (advisor) ; Čapek, Jakub (referee)
The thesis deals with the establishiment of limits on the usage of the concept of freedom in philosophical systems. By the analysis of chosen passages of Sartre's early existentialism in which freedom is equivalent to human reality, it is the aim of this thesis to point out the issue of unreliable treatment of the concept of freedom itself. Similarly (but in more limited extent), reflection of the usage of the concept of freedom in fourth René Descartes' Meditation on First Philosophy is performed. The result is a critique of the misuse of this concept and its flexibility in order to achieve other philosophical goals. This flexibility is usually caused by the fact that freedom is entering philosophical systems in unlimited form which is not concerned with the necessity of defining freedom by some form of non-freedom and neglects the importace of other person when declaring ourselves as free. The aim of this thesis is also to draw attention to the emptying of sense of the concept of freedom, if it is used in this unlimited form.
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Unintended consequences of human domination over nature: Adorno and Bookchin
Lindaurová, Anežka ; Švec, Ondřej (advisor) ; Jirsa, Jakub (referee)
In his texts, Theodor W. Adorno subjects the organization of Western societies to harsh criticism in the second half of the 20th century. Especially in the Dialectic of Enlightenment, of which he is a co-author, he criticizes the current form of rationality, which he puts in context with the oppression, domination and commodification of the surrounding world and others. In this bachelor's thesis, I deal with the interpretation of Adorno's concept of dominion as a concept whose critique can potentially help us to better articulate the problematic aspects of our current relationship to non-human nature and to others. For a better understanding of this issue and its connection with environmental philosophy, I chose the theory of social ecology by Murray Bookchin. In his book Ecology of freedom, he talks about the creation of hierarchical relationships in human communities as the main cause of man's domination over non-human nature. Both authors contextualize the dominion we exercise over nature with the dominion we exercise over others. Bookchin then draws on Adorno in his critique of rationality, and both criticize the instrumentalization of reason, which instead of cognition serves as an instrument of control. At the same time, both present possible solutions to the current situation, which consist...
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Philosophical Consequences of the Simultaneity Breakdown
Morkes, Daniel ; Švec, Ondřej (advisor) ; Kolman, Vojtěch (referee)
The special theory of relativity implies the relativity of simultaneity, i.e. that two different observers may not agree whether two spatially separated events happened at the same time. While Hilary Putnam argues that because of this future events are already real in the present, Henri Bergson concludes that the implications of special relativity are imaginary and thus bear no consequences for what real simultaneity is. This thesis tries to question both Putnam's and Bergson's conclusions in favor of a new Bergson inspired interpretation of the relativity of simultaneity. The critique of Putnam will consist of questioning the ontological relevance of the geometrical abstractions which Putnam takes for granted while the critique of Bergson will show that instead of interpreting special relativity Begson's account leads to rejecting it altogether. The final interpretation will build on what continues to be relevant in Bergson's account.
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Embodiment and subjectivity in the works of Simone de Beauvoir and Luce Irigaray
Čuříků, Saša ; Švec, Ondřej (advisor) ; Čapek, Jakub (referee)
1 Abstract: This thesis is concerned with the topic of embodiment and subjectivity in the works of two key authors of the French feminist theory - Simone de Beauvoir and Luce Irigaray. Its goal is to both elucidate the positions of both of the philosophers, as well as attempt to find a common ground between their respective positions, that is the positions of existential feminism and psychoanalysis-influenced feminism. In doing so this work likewise deals with a number of varying interpretations of both of the authors and discussed their respective merits.
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Living without a Ground: Praxis of Being-in-the-World
Koloskov, Daniil ; Švec, Ondřej (advisor) ; Leclercq, Bruno (referee) ; Nitsche, Martin (referee)
1 Abstract. The basic goal of the dissertation is to formulate a pragmatic phenomenology, which would rely on the notion of praxis while dealing with the traditional for existential phenomenology goal of arriving at "an understanding of man and the world from any starting point other than that of their 'facticity.' (Merleau-Ponty 2002). The dissertation interprets disclosure of the world as a form of praxis based on Heideggerian vocabulary; gaining access to the world is an act that reveals what possibilities of being can the world offer to Dasein, which is understood as nothing but an ecstatic attempt to anchor in the world. The praxis of disclosure is guided by the need to maximize Dasein's ability-to-be and a constant attempt to increase the 'disclosing potential' of particular practices. This starting point ascribes a crucial methodological role to the mutuality between Dasein and the world: Dasein does not explain what possibilities of being the world can offer to it and the world cannot explain what possibilities of being Dasein would be able to reveal. We will demonstrate how a systematic emphasis on mutuality leads us towards dispensing with 'grounds' of traditional philosophy, i.e., fundamental explainers that are not explained by anything further; we will also show how this emphasis makes it...
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Soliloquy, Madness and Structure of the Other
Kotasová, Emma ; Petříček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Švec, Ondřej (referee)
The ambition of this thesis is to present the phenomenon of soliloquy as a thin line between losing the Other and finding him and to demonstrate that what speaks out of us is not necessarily an echo of madness, but rather a revelation of the other in his absence. Here, self-talk can serve as a situation in which, while we seriously transgress social conventions, we are in a real sense paradoxically claiming the Other, who is woven into us as the structure through which we access the world around us. The analysis of Tournier's novel Friday, or, The Other Island and Deleuze's afterword to this work will show how fundamental the role of the Other is in our approach to the world. These insights will then serve as the basis for an examination of how fundamental the nature of perceived reality is in relation to speech. Key words: soliloquy, madness, loneliness, structure of the other, structure of perception, measure, speech, Deleuze, Sartre, Tournier, Bernhard
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Nature and Practice
Melzmuf, Jiří ; Karásek, Jindřich (advisor) ; Švec, Ondřej (referee)
(in English): The thesis deals with the concept of nature in the work of Karl Marx. It systematically analyses Marx's work and gives a comprehensive interpretation of his concept of nature. It searches for relevant thoughts across the primary text from which it reconstructs a coherent philosophical position. Dialectic of nature primarily operates with a dual definition of nature, labour, and man. Labour as dialectical movement represents the condition of human existence and a type of metabolic relationship with his environment, which is nature. Nature also acts as the all- encompassing whole within which this dialectical relationship develops. The historical development of this dialectic is then described and the way in which individual moments are transformed within it. Finally, is described the way in which environmental damage occurs in the capitalist phase of this historical development and the way in which Marx proposes to overcome it.
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