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Theoretical background and evaluation Reuven Feuerstein Instrumental Enrichment
Málková, Gabriela ; Pokorná, Věra (advisor) ; Štech, Stanislav (referee) ; Šulová, Lenka (referee)
This thesis presents and discusses theoretical roots and background of Instrumental Enrichment. Reuven Feuerstein's Instrumental Enrichment was originally designed to overcome cognitive difficulties of culturally different children and adults in after second war Israel. Today this program is used all over the world in wide educational contexts. We introduce this program as a part of large body of research and knowledge in so called "thinking skills" domain too. This thesis also presents data from one year evaluation of this program as a tool for improving cognitive abilities and thinking skills of culturally and socially disadvantaged children in Czech primary school. Research design or our study refers to pilot (never published) evaluation study of Instrumental Enrichment in Czech Republic. It was prepared as a comparative, pre-post experimental design. We were interested in differences between experimental and control groups in performance on assessment battery before and after intervention. Assessment battery consisted of measures of cognitive abilities and IQ, school attainment tests and measures of self-esteem. For qualitative analyses we included diary of Instrumental Enrichment's lecturer and some tests from the assessment battery too. Data from both experimental (N=9, aged between 9 and 11) and...
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The ontogenetical beginnings. The application of Merleau-Ponty's philosophy on early development psychology
Urbanová, Kateřina ; Horáková Hoskovcová, Simona (referee) ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor)
This work wishes to present the possibilities of phenomenological interpretation of world and development of infant. It utilizes the philosophy of Maurice Merleau-Ponty for this goal. It analyzes the ground for phenomenological philosophy in psychology and presents in main features the philosophy of mentioned author. It shows contemporary psychological view on ontogenetical beginnings of perception and it reflects these psychological ideas from the position of Merleau-Ponty's philosophy. It stresses the necessity to clear up the character of infant's world at all, before we start to explain its individual aspects. In a key part, this work deals with philosophical interpretation of developmental "beginnings" and it postulate the early development as a "looking for home" in a world. At the beginning of this process, there are other people. In the conclusion this work discusses methodological consequences of this conception for ontogenetical psychology.
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The phenomenology of experience in extreme situations based on the example of unplanned caesarean sections
Boháčková, Eva ; Mikšík, Oldřich (advisor) ; Šulová, Lenka (referee) ; Svoboda, Bohuslav (referee)
Our qualitative study "The Phenomenology of Experience in Extreme Situations Based on the Example of Unplanned Caesarean Sections" tries to map and to describe the phenomenon of extreme situations mainly from the point of view of their dynamic aspects and puts the emphasis on the experience of such. As a typical example of extreme situation we have chosen unplanned Caesarean Section on the background of historical - economic and social changes. Such example is to serve as a prototype of successful ending to the extreme situation. Therefore on ly such cases when both mother and child survived the delivery were included in our research. ln our work we are laying a question what experience of this concrete extreme situation means to women, what types of feelings may be connected with such experience and above all what various ways there are to cope with such experience. We are not actually trying to generalize because every such experience is a unique one. We are more searching for suitable theoretical frameworks, research methods and safe ways to allow mothers to gain distance from this difficult and sensitive experience so they can reinterpret such in a positive way. Then they can integrate such important and often traumatic event into their present every day life and enrich it by another experience dimension.
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New challenges of terrorism: social-psychological study
Měchová, Simona ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor) ; Mikšík, Oldřich (referee) ; Brzybohatý, Marian (referee)
Following text focuses on terrorism issues and it's new face. The author tries to cover the topic in it's complexity and significant connections and at the same time points out the simplified view on terrorism that society often adopts from the media presentation. The first part called "Terrorism as a social phenomenon" discribes differences between traditional and new terrorism, mentions historical roots of terrorism and it's evolution and also shows particular types of terrorism, it's techniques and methods used by terrorists. Text discribes the process of choosing particular type of the terrorist attack according to it's advantages. It can also help to understand the principles on which the terrorist group works and stands. Second part called "Psychological aspects of terrorism" wants to explain connections between behavior, acts, feelings and personal determination of terrorists, considering normality of their personality. Author analyses psychological determination of accepting terrorism as a method helping to deal with life reality; it takes a look at the manner of terrorist thinking, emotions and behavior, concerning his inclination to the extreme and it's psychological roots. Special focus is concerned on the Psychology of Suicidal Terrorism, Psychology of Hostage-Taking, Psychology of Justifying...
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Early parent-child interaction focused on gender specifics
Hrdličková, Markéta ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor) ; Štětovská, Iva (referee) ; Sobotková, Daniela (referee)
This disertation i s a part of the grant task number 406/01/220 of the GAČR (Grant agency of the Czech Republic ). The solver of this task is doc. PhDr. Lenka Šulová CSc. The teoretical part of this work is devided in 6 main chapters. The first one is is focused on the analysis of early parent-child interaction from the point of attachment. The second and the third chapter i s focused on early interaction of mother-child and father-child. The fourth chapter is dedicated to the family from the point of the early interaction and we also try to define the main reason of the desruption of this early interaction. The fifth chapter is focused on the specifics of toddler' s age. The last chapter i s dedicated to the main methods and research in the field of attachment. The research of this work consists of an analysis of recorded play interaction of toddlers (age 12, 24, 36 months, +/- 2 moths) at home. The research sample consist of 30 children, 1 O from each age . The recorded play interaction were analysed according pre-defined categories (look, vocalisation, manipulation with a toy, physical contact, motorical activity, emotions) in computer programme V.I.P. Then there were set several zero hypotesis ( total 9), which were tested by ANOV A statistical method. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Internet crime against children
Veličková, Lenka ; Boukalová, Hedvika (referee) ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor)
This thesis focuses on internet crime where children are the victims. In the theoretical part of this work, different types of internet crime are described, with a special focus on internet crimes against children. Furthermore, it summarizes the basic knowledge of the aggressors and perpetrators of this activity, the prevalence of this crime, and last but not least it gives information about their victims. The empirical part of this work is devoted to the qualitative study of the list of cases targeting internet crime against children and to the quantitative study which identifies the experiences of children with the Internet today.
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Deliberate self-harm in adolescence within the context of family system
Řehulová, Alena ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (referee) ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor)
Main aim of this diploma thesis is to summarize mostly foreign findings concerning deliberate self-harm in adolescence with emphasis on family context. Theoretical part deals with definition, prevalence, functions, course, risk factors and possibilities of prevention and therapy of self-harm. There are also mentioned findings about family system and its possible influence on personality. The research question of empirical part is interested in traits of those families, where adolescent self-harm. Family context is shown both on case studies and on summary based on families of 20 adolescents. These results are in accordance with previous research and also suggest some new characteristics for next verification. Characteristics concerning discordant family relationships (both between parents and between one parent and adolescent) seem to be most important. Majority of respondents feel like their parents are not interested in them at all and are too critical. Almost half of them said that they tried to draw their attention by engaging in risk behavior (including self-harm). There was also high incidence of self-destructive behavior in parents of these adolescents.
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Existential meaning in senior age
Hrdličková, Vladimíra ; Šulová, Lenka (referee) ; Drlíková, Eva (advisor)
This dissertation deals with the meaning of life for the seniors. The theoretical part deals with the phenomenon of old age and the phenomenon of meaning of life in general in its first two chapters. The other two chapters are focused on description of senior population in the Czech Republic and the fin-dings in the area of studying the meaning of life for people in senior age. The empirical part is focused on understanding the meaning of life for seniors, students of the University of the Third Age Courses of Philosophical Faculty of the Charles University in Prague. There is a rightful expectation that the examined phenomenon will be highly fulfilled in this group. A narrative design of the re-search was used for understanding and description of the meaning of life for seni-ors. A story of looking for and finding the meaning of life in the senior age was created on the basis of analysis and interpretation of written texts. The story shows that seniors head for past, present as well as future when looking for the meaning of life. They try to connect their life to past to make one meaningful complex. If they succeed the past becomes an important source of meaning for them. At present seniors focus on meaningful use of their free time, on keeping their autonomy, op-timalization of the social network and on...
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Development of gender identity of children at age 3-6 years
Doležal, Daniel ; Horáková Hoskovcová, Simona (referee) ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with sex and gender identity development of preschool children. In its theoretical part is the text at first aimed to characteristics of children age 3-6, describing their somatic growth and development of cognitive structures. In the framework of description of the social context of children is focused in general on families, siblings, peer groups, institutions, targeting on game and other interactions. Next part explains basic terminology and context relative to the sex identity and gender. It's mapping main theoretical conceptions and theories, summarizing actual knowledge of the research teams tied to the procceses of formation and development of sex identity and gender and on the other side to theirs manifestation in relation to inner and outer world of the child. Special attention is reserved for basic intrapsychic, socialcultural, environmental and biological aspects again. Partially this thesis touches areas of the child formation in complete and incomplete family, concepts of the androgynous family, influence of the media, communication, game, interaction and segregation, and also sexual identity and sexual orientation. The empirical part is coming out from several actual themes from the theoretical thesis. It is aimed to the research of the gender stereotypes within 3-6...
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The psyche of women during their maternity leave
Hlaváčková, Marie ; Štětovská, Iva (referee) ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor)
The aim of my thesis was to try to describe changes in perception that occur to women taking the parent role and accession to maternity leave. In the theoretical part, therefore, I first deal with the concept of motherhood in general, as well as changes in the psyche of a woman from pregnancy to baby and toddler age of children. Individual chapters are devoted to childbirth as a major event for the development of relationship with the child and the puerperium. In the empirical part of the work I am looking for different areas in which change in experience is reflected and context of these changes with other variables. The research was conducted in form of a questionnaire, the sample 71 women who spend their maternity or parental leave with her first child responded. These women showed a significant increase in responsibility, caring and a sense of fear, then increased feeling of happiness and life fulfilment as well as overall satisfaction. In contrast decrease was recorded in the possibility of selfdevelopment and communications possibilities of these women. For other items there was not seen a significant increase or decrease. When searching for the relationship between women's feelings and other variables was found non-linear relationship of certain items on the length of time spent by women on maternity...
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