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The meaning of the dead donor rule in current transplantion ethics
Rusinová, Kateřina ; Šimek, Jiří (advisor) ; Kieslichová, Eva (referee) ; Hříbek, Tomáš (referee)
The thesis presents current understanding of the concept of death and criteria for diagno- sis of death in the context of organ donation. We will argue that 1) the dead donor rule should not be the necessary condition for retrieving organs for transplantation and 2) it should be permissible to retrieve organs from patients that are imminently dying (not dead yet), with respect to the principle of autonomy and non-maleficence. We will first present the impossibility and current inconsistencies in determining the exact "moment of death" and we will then demonstrate that current organ donors do not fulfill biological criteria for death and that the dead donor rule is not respected in clinical practice. We suggest that in the context of recent major technological advances in the field of critical care medicine the dead donor rule becomes irrelevant and does not contribute to the transplantation ethics. The legal concept of death and the biological phenomenon of death become more and more distant. We argue that declaring death is not necessary for ethically justified policy in transplantation. Both the societal trust and the protection of vulnerable individuals can be ensured by different ethical principles (i.e. the principle of autonomy and the principle of non- maleficence). The sound ethical...
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Ethics of doctor-patient relationship in dentistry
Pipková, Irena ; Bednář, Miloslav (advisor) ; Bencko, Vladimír (referee) ; Šimek, Jiří (referee)
The work involves comparingethical values in the general population without serious damage to the general health, and in pacients within overal disease where i tis clear that the scale of values of the two groups are different. From futher examinations came some additional insights /see Chapter 4 d/ and chapter 5 work/. Results and conclusions are in line with Anglo-Saxon literature/ European and overseas/ and our own experience with treating pacients. No medical industry can not fully ensure full health of pacients. There is a set of values focused on specific medical professions and their own core values. These parameters set values based on many aspects of professional decision meking. And those serve to assess the pacientś needs. How to treat and the doctorś own medical approach to the pacient with severe overal ilness correspondens to the hierarchy of ethical values in Ozar-Sokol scheme. Proposal of six major ethical values concerning dentistry and access to treatment and justice in distribution and alocation of resources in surgical pacients with variety of serious medical interventions: heart surgery, transplants, etc./ ethical values contribute to the proces of decision- making in case of conflict. Not all Ozar-Sokol scheme recognizes those. From the perspective of pacients with serious...
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What Does - To Be in the Beginning - Mean II.
Šimek, Jiří ; LJUBKOVÁ, Marta (advisor) ; MAKONJ, Karel (referee)
In this master thesis I am analyzing the process of two author performances
GoG & LONELiNESS & STUFF. I am trying to write down basic methods and assumptions
for my own author work without scenario where the beginning of the whole process is only a theme or a literally model (which is more likely main inspiration source rather than
pattern). All those methods and assumptions, I call Beginning which is a word that
represents them in the best possible way. That is also a reason for naming my thesis What does -to be in the beginning- mean, this name should represent my never ending searching of more sophisticated way of developing theatre performance.
The whole thesis begins with a chapter called Starting-points, which collection of
most important things I learned in the Department of alternative and puppet department. The chapter is divided into parts according to the teachers who took turns in leading main subject
Acting. In every part I tried to write about the way of influencing my approach to author
work.
Middle part consists of two chapters GoG and LONELiNESS & STUFF where I
describe my own work on concrete cases from process of rehearsing both performances. In
both chapters I describe my own new methods and experiences. Putting both processes in
context, and trying to explain differences. And I also try to find a connection between the
chapter Starting-points and concrete cases from my own author work.
The whole thesis ends by a chapter What does to be in the beginning mean
where I summarize and generalize issues which we were solving during our author work and I also try to establish requirements for really creative way of creating author performance.
Main message of this thesis is to look back on my own work. Also, from my point of
view, establishing ideal way of creative process and defining spectator as co-creator of
theatre performance. Where this ideal way of creative process doesn’t exist because the
point upgrades my own ability to constant adapt and change, act intuitively.
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The role of laypersons in the ethics committee for assessment of clinical research in the Czech Republic
Kašková, Petra ; Doskočil, Ondřej (advisor) ; Šimek, Jiří (referee)
The clinical research is an indispensable part of the progress in medicine, therapy, but also in diagnosis. It is really necessary to realize the complexity of the ethical issues to explore the unknown on a human body. When ethically considerating it is necessary to come from the respect and protection of the dignity and human rights who take part in the clinical trials and these interests should always prioritize over the scientific and social interests. A crucial role in the clinical research regulation has the ethics committee. Members of the ethics committees shall have some professional behaviour, some experience and moral credit to be able to review clinical trials. Just members of the ethics committes can answer the queries regarding the mission and the purpose of the ethics committees work at all. Ethics committees have different representation in different countries. Ethics committees in the Czech Republic are composed of the experts - doctors and the laypersons, so lay people representing especially patients. In the theoretical section we present the history of the clinical research and impact of the research ethics committee. We present informed consent as a key document for patients entering the clinical trials. We also describe the activities and legislation of the ethics committee and...
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Ethics of doctor-patient relationship in dentistry
Pipková, Irena ; Bednář, Miloslav (advisor) ; Bencko, Vladimír (referee) ; Šimek, Jiří (referee)
The work involves comparingethical values in the general population without serious damage to the general health, and in pacients within overal disease where i tis clear that the scale of values of the two groups are different. From futher examinations came some additional insights /see Chapter 4 d/ and chapter 5 work/. Results and conclusions are in line with Anglo-Saxon literature/ European and overseas/ and our own experience with treating pacients. No medical industry can not fully ensure full health of pacients. There is a set of values focused on specific medical professions and their own core values. These parameters set values based on many aspects of professional decision meking. And those serve to assess the pacientś needs. How to treat and the doctorś own medical approach to the pacient with severe overal ilness correspondens to the hierarchy of ethical values in Ozar-Sokol scheme. Proposal of six major ethical values concerning dentistry and access to treatment and justice in distribution and alocation of resources in surgical pacients with variety of serious medical interventions: heart surgery, transplants, etc./ ethical values contribute to the proces of decision- making in case of conflict. Not all Ozar-Sokol scheme recognizes those. From the perspective of pacients with serious...
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Public law restrictions of ownership rights to buildings and the conservation systém
Šimek, Jiří ; Staša, Josef (advisor) ; Svoboda, Petr (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to analyze the public law restrictions to property rights and landmark preservation. At first it introduces the situation of cultural heritage in Czech Republic. Then it focuses on the issue of public interest in landmark preservation. Then is the thesis concerned on special forms of monument preservation. The paper analyzes the duties to take care of landmarks and the restrictions of property rights, especially of the rights to dispose the buildings, to use them, to renew them and to demolish them. Then it surveys how to force the owner to fulfill his duties, when he fails to comply with the restrictions and duties. The last topic is about compensation for the public law restrictions and about the case law, which helps us to distinguish between inner and outer restriction of property rights. At the end, it sums up the main problems of today landmark preservation system, especially the lack of efficient enforcement tools against the owner who doesn't fulfill his duties. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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The meaning of the dead donor rule in current transplantion ethics
Rusinová, Kateřina ; Šimek, Jiří (advisor) ; Kieslichová, Eva (referee) ; Hříbek, Tomáš (referee)
The thesis presents current understanding of the concept of death and criteria for diagno- sis of death in the context of organ donation. We will argue that 1) the dead donor rule should not be the necessary condition for retrieving organs for transplantation and 2) it should be permissible to retrieve organs from patients that are imminently dying (not dead yet), with respect to the principle of autonomy and non-maleficence. We will first present the impossibility and current inconsistencies in determining the exact "moment of death" and we will then demonstrate that current organ donors do not fulfill biological criteria for death and that the dead donor rule is not respected in clinical practice. We suggest that in the context of recent major technological advances in the field of critical care medicine the dead donor rule becomes irrelevant and does not contribute to the transplantation ethics. The legal concept of death and the biological phenomenon of death become more and more distant. We argue that declaring death is not necessary for ethically justified policy in transplantation. Both the societal trust and the protection of vulnerable individuals can be ensured by different ethical principles (i.e. the principle of autonomy and the principle of non- maleficence). The sound ethical...
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Philosophical aspects of health care decision making at the end of life
Heřmanová, Jana ; Šimek, Jiří (advisor) ; Prudil, Lukáš (referee) ; Umlauf, Václav (referee)
Introduction: The relationship of the doctor and his patient is based on informed consent about proposed treatment and care. Informed consent is derived from the principle of respect to patient's autonomy and the right patient for self-determination. Decision making at the end of life is complicated by the fact that in some situations the patient is not able to state his preferences and sign the legal document of informed consent. Thesis: Proper implementation of advance directives using hermeneutics as a method of text interpretation represents application of an informed consent at the end of life in a patient who at that time is not able to sign the legal document. Aim and methods: The aim is to describe and analyze the situation of patients at the end of life and point to some ethical dilemmas in the work of healthcare workers and family carers. Other aim was to search for a way how to manage the care of a seriously ill incompetent patient that would be in accord with his previous wishes and value preferences. Review of the relevant literature was used to analyse the philosophical nature of advance directives and their implementation in future concrete situation. The possibility of interpretation of advance directives by hermeneutic method was also addressed. Results: A patient who writes...
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Self-care as a Sign of Autonomy in the Health Care Process
Halmo, Renata ; Šimek, Jiří (advisor) ; Ivanová, Kateřina (referee) ; Dolista, Josef (referee)
Thesis: The main contribution of D. Orem's self-care theory is that, using adequate methods, it leads the nurses to respect patients' own conception of self-care. Key words: Patient - nurse relationships, Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory, D. E. Orem, human actions, respect for autonomy, NANDA taxonomy, non-compliance, responsibility. This dissertation thesis deals with the issues of a relationship between a patient and a healthcare worker, or more precisely a nurse, all from the point of view of patient self-care in the sense of deliberate action that is conducted by the patient for the purpose of sustaining their health and realizing their life plans. Ethical aspects of Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory consist in the approach to a person that emphasizes the human nature of a human being that develops within the community - among other people, that becomes unique and that cares about their own being. Self-care deficit nursing theory is compared to NANDA taxonomy II with respect to a patient's autonomy. Both approaches to nursing care are studied from the point of view of their assumptions, theoretical basis, the diagnostic process, communication, personal competence of nurses and the aims of health care. Attention is also paid to the situations when a patient is not willing to take part in the...
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