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Bipartite graphs for microbiome analysis
Šafárová, Marcela ; Provazník, Ivo (referee) ; Sedlář, Karel (advisor)
Microorganisms are all around us. Some of them even live in our body and are essential for our healthy being. Study of microbial communities based on their genetic content has become very popular with the development of new technologies, which enable easy reading of DNA or RNA. The key role of these studies is usually to characterize significant microbial patterns of an environment. However, currently used visualization tools have many drawbacks for such analyses. The subject of this thesis is to design a R/Bioconductor package for simple creation of bipartite graphs from microbial data. This type of visualization brings many advantages for microbiome analysis. Benefits of bipartite graphs are further demonstrated by analysis of main parameters affecting computer processing of microbial data.
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Suppression of artifacts in electrocardiograms
Šafárová, Marcela ; Kubičková, Alena (referee) ; Janoušek, Oto (advisor)
The bachelor’s thesis on the subject removal of ECG noise introduces processing of ECG signal for possible better diagnostics. The first part of the work is focused on initiation and propagation of action potential and methods for measuring heart´s electrical activity. Further are referred main types of noise affecting the ECG signal and basic filtering methods. The work focuses on filtration using Lynn´s filters, IIR filters, interpolation, spectral lines editing and adaptive filters and evaluation of their effectivity.
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Idiopathic scoliosis in relation to defective position of the lower extremities and the sole of the feet
Sviteková, Sophie ; Oplatková, Lenka (advisor) ; Šafářová, Marcela (referee)
The following bachelor's thesis deals with the issue of the relationship between idiopathic scoliosis and defective position of the lower limbs and feet. At first, the thesis analyses the theoretical side of the problem - biomechanics and kinesiology of the spine and lower limbs, clasification of scoliosis and different types, postural stability, gait. In the following chapter, the thesis focuses on the issue from a practical side of view, which includes an examination of patients from different views, from behind, from the side, from the front and on a podoscope (physiosensing), which measures the static and dynamic load of the feet. As part of the examination, various assymetries of the spine and lower limbs are investigated in connection with idiopathic scoliosis. The results of all the measurements of the patients are in the final chapter compared to each other and subsequently, in the discussion part, with results examined by different studies dealing with the same issues. We try to find out if their results match with ours. The goal of this bachelor's thesis is to find out, what impact have spine curvatures on the posture of the pelvis, lower limbs, feet and also the other way around. We are also proving the mutual connection between individual body segments which together make up one complex...
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Assessment of motor skills and functional abilities in children with CP by correlation of Locomotor stages according to Vojta and the PEDI and TCMS tests.
Halámka, Jiří ; Šafářová, Marcela (advisor) ; Smetanová, Jana (referee)
The study evaluates the level of gross motor skills in pediatric patients with cerebral palsy (CP) using Vojta's Locomotor Stages, postural stability during sitting, and its influence on independence and mobility. The theoretical part of the study provides an overview of cerebral palsy, its classification, and diagnosis. It describes the utilization of current standardized scales employed in this diagnosis, specifically for assessing posture and postural stability while sitting. Furthermore, it summarizes knowledge about the functional abilities of children with CP (self-care, mobility, and social functions) in relation to psychomotor development. The primary objective was to determine the impact of gross motor skill levels on a child's trunk stability and to establish correlations between trunk stability and the independence and mobility of pediatric patients with cerebral palsy. Methodology: In the Practical part, we examined 25 pediatric patients with cerebral palsy using the Trunk Control Measurement Scale (TCMS), which is used to evaluate sitting stability in static and dynamic skills. Additionally, we queried the patients' parents using the standardized Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) questionnaire, which is used to assess children's functional abilities in the areas of...
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Neurovisual function in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Schusterová, Tereza ; Šafářová, Marcela (advisor) ; Kučerová, Klára (referee)
This thesis deals with the evaluation of neurovisual functions in patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS), which is a relatively under-researched topic. The study focuses on comparing selected oculomotor functions using the RightEye device between AIS patients and a healthy control group. The theoretical part introduces the etiology of this spinal deformity, mentioning potential changes in sensory systems that might contribute to the development of AIS. The treatment of this condition is briefly described as well. This section also discusses the possibilities of examining oculomotor functions using eye tracking methods, particularly the RightEye device. Methodology: In the practical section, the results of measurements on the RightEye device were compared between a group of 17 AIS patients and 17 healthy individuals. Both groups underwent device-based measurements, crossed eye-hand lateralization assessment, and hidden strabismus testing. The study assessed saccadic eye movements (targeting vs. overshooting, movement speed) and eye-hand reaction times, with the expectation of better results for the healthy control group. Results: Statistically significant results (p<0.05) were found in the evaluation of the number of repeated vertical and horizontal saccadic movements within a certain...
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Sport and Movement Activity in Scoliotic Patients
Šrámková, Anna ; Šafářová, Marcela (advisor) ; Oplatková, Lenka (referee)
This research thesis deals with the issue of sports in scoliosis. Its aim is to process professional studies that have examined the prevalence of scoliosis in various sports disciplines and to provide recommendations for sports activities for scoliotic patients. The thesis describes suitable and unsuitable sports or movement activities for patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and explores whether it is appropriate to prohibit movement for these patients or not. We assume that physical activity in patients with scoliosis is more appropriate than an absolute ban on sports. This assumption was confirmed in this thesis, although there are sports that can cause postural asymmetry and possibly even scoliosis. The level at which the sports activity is performed and the volume of activity are important. As part of the research thesis, a case study of one scoliotic patient was included, and X-ray examination was used as an objective method of evaluation, which was performed twice with a time interval.
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Physiotherapy in scoliosis after the surgery
Kačírková, Hana ; Šafářová, Marcela (advisor) ; Rampová, Michaela (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to present information regarding the surgical treatment of scoliosis and care for the operated patient. The options of the operation, its indications, contraindications, risks and goals are presented. The thesis describes the care of the patient preoperatively, perioperatively and postoperatively, and the procedures used and recommended measures are presented. The effect of scoliosis on the patient and the changes after surgery are mentioned. The assumption is that physiotherapy has a positive effect on the outcome of the surgical intervention. Part of the practical part is a case report of a patient with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis after surgery by the posterior approach fusion technique. This patient regularly attended physiotherapy and exercised intensively. As part of the case report, a kinesiological analysis was performed supplemented by functional tests from DNS, dynamic tests, examination of breathing stereotype and measurement of chest flexibility. The examination was carried out twice four months apart. The results were compared with each other with the assumption that continuous rehabilitation before and after surgery will bring improvement in the monitored tests. This assumption was confirmed.
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The effect of endometriosis on pelvic floor function
Vaňková, Eva ; Šafářová, Marcela (advisor) ; Havlíčková, Michaela (referee)
Thesis focuses on the comparison of results obtained from the questionnaires MEDI-Q, PFIQ-7 and a questionnaire designed by the author between a group of women diagnosed with endometriosis who have not undergone surgery and a control group without dysmenorrhea. The theoretical part is dedicated to the etiology and clinical symptoms of the disease, mentioning risk factors, classification, diagnostical methods and treatment options. The thesis also mentions the typical postural findings in patients with endometriosis after a literature review. Methodology: A total of 110 women were included in the study, 49 with endometriosis and 61 in a control qroup. Women completed the above-mentioned questionnaires electronically on the 1st day of their menstrual bleeding. Recruitment of subjects was mainly through the social network. Results: Significant differences (p <0.001) were demonstrated between the two groups using the MEDI-Q and PFIQ questionnaires with the endometriosis group achieving higher scores. Different types of endometriosis have varying distributions of symptoms within pelvic floor dysfunction. Almost 9/10 women with endometriosis need to suppress pain associated with menstrual cycle with analgetics for more than 1 day and often suffer from chronic pelvic pain. Discussion: Women with endometriosis have...
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Conscious muscle activation in distal direction based on Vojta's principle and its effect on the power of the upper extremity
Pihera, Jan ; Katolický, Jakub (advisor) ; Šafářová, Marcela (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on examining the effects of an exercise protocol on upper limb performance. Exercise protocol was based on the principle of voluntary muscle activation in the distal direction. The theoretical part sets out the theoretical basis necessary to place the approach in the phylogenetic, anatomical and kinesiological context. The study develops a view of the motor mechanism contained in our neuromotor system and is nevertheless very little taken into account in modern physiotherapy. The main aim of the study was to determine the relevance of the effect, in terms of upper limb performance, in the short-term application of an exercise protocol based on the mechanism of voluntary muscle activation in the distal direction. Methods: A total of 20 patients who met the study requirements were enrolled in the study, with only 17 of them (mean age 24.6; SD ± 1.6) completing the entire program and therefore the results of only these probands were evaluated. They were randomly divided into two groups in a 1: 1 ratio. Group A performed assignments in the form of a five-minute exercise protocol based on the mechanism of distal muscle activation on a daily basis, and an identical exercise plan with the opposite direction of commands was presented to group B. As part of the measured factors...
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Treatment in neuromuscular scoliosis
Štumbauerová, Karolína ; Šafářová, Marcela (advisor) ; Šonská, Kristýna (referee)
Bakalářská práce Terapie neuromuskulárních skolióz 1 Abstract The aim of this thesis is to present the methods of therapy of neuromuscular scoliosis in the Czech Republic and in the world and to compare their effects on the basis of published research. The theoretical part describes the basic anatomy of the spine, biomechanical view of the spine and its pathology. Subsequently, the concept of scoliosis is characterized, the classification of scoliosis according to different criteria and idiopathic scoliosis is briefly described. Neuromuscular scoliosis, its definition, classification and the most common disease in pediatric patients, where secondary scoliosis develops and is an integral part of the clinical picture of the underlying disease, are described in detail. The basic examination of idiopathic scoliosis and specifics for the examination of neuromuscular scoliosis are then described. Last but not least, the therapy in the Czech Republic and subsequently abroad is reviewed. The practical part of the thesis is based on a case report of a patient with primary disease spinal muscular atrophy type I who developed neuromuscular scoliosis. Based on the initial kinesiological analysis, an appropriate therapy will be selected. The Cobb angle will be monitored as an objective parameter.
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