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Study of fumes from burning materials selected
ŠEBA, Jaroslav
The topic of my diploma thesis draws on my bachelor thesis, which described combustion products of selected substances in the complete combustion. The diploma thesis focused on the incomplete combustion in the same substances to make a comparison possible. In the chapter on the substances selected for burning, the substances were described theoretically first. Further, the burning was carried out, the products that came into being were collected into collection bags and sent to the laboratory of the Institute of Population Protection in Lázně Bohdaneč to be analysed. After receiving the records all possible effects on human health were carried out, and the results were compared with those of the bachelor thesis. The analyses showed that carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide appeared in all analyses, while the remaining substances differed to a minimum extent, however, they are in much higher concentrations than in the perfect combustion. I added two more substances that had not been in my bachelor thesis to those that were burnt, but in the course of two years their application became a common practice, and they play an increasingly more significant role in our life. The task of the chapter dealing with the detection technique was to find out and describe the possibilities of the commander in detecting the combustion products directly on the spot of the actual operation in the shortest possible time, to enable him to propose the protection of the firemen, and possibly to establish the possibilities of taking samples, transport to the laboratory, conducting a laboratory analysis and establishing the approximate time when he could obtain the first sampling results. All of this was focused on the possibilities of the Fire Rescue Service of the Region of South Bohemia (HZS JčK). The next chapter concerned their colleagues of the Fire Rescue Service of the Region of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, in which a questionnaire investigation was focused on them, identical with that of my bachelor thesis. As I had succeeded in including the results of my bachelor thesis into a training course, I wondered whether the knowledge would improve or not. After a comparison with the results from my bachelor thesis with the new ones the conclusions turned out to be favourable, and suggested in which way the training courses - not only for the professional units - should proceed. The results of the new questionnaire investigation, which showed an improvement, should form a basis of a campaign focusing on the non-professional public, which should be acquainted with what they breathe in the event that they burn vast variety of waste. I believe that results would be achieved even here in the form of a deeper knowledge and a better quality of the air we breathe.
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Toxic smoke in the burning of selected substances, detection and protection intervening fire
ŠEBA, Jaroslav
Toxic products of combustion released by selected substances {--} their detection and the protection of firefighters I have opted to focus my Bachelor paper on this subject on the strength of my 20 years of working at the law-enforcing department of Fire Rescue Service; consequently, I am well aware of the difficulties that the firefigthers meet in their attempts at obtaining vital information. I have decided to investigate the subject and offer the results so that the fireman units could be properly trained. The paper is divided into several sections. The first aims to find out to what extent the units of the South Bohemian Fire Rescue Service are equipped with detection devices; the second examines the options of protection available to the firefighters in action; and the third section pays attention to the current standards of training given to the firefighting units deployed in the regional Service. The fourth section contains a comprehensive chapter on the noxious products of combustion, presenting available information on substances most often released in their burning. The next section provides a questionnaire survey designed to map the knowledgeability of firefighters and, to permit comparisons, also the awareness that the general public has of the substances and the toxicity of their combustion products. The chapter included to present evaluations and analyses starts with a description of materials to be ignited. The products of their burning were gathered using the Tenax tubes to be later analyzed in the laboratory. The lab analysis results are presented together with the major effects that the substances may have on human body. With the questionnaire survey evaluated, it became obvious that the firefighters were considerably better informed than the general public in all areas thus surveyed. Still, the incorrect answers returned by the freighters testify to a great deal of deficiencies that the system of training should address and regular training sessions of units should remedy. Excellent results were obtained for firefighters in action, since in most cases their level of protection was found higher than what was actually necessary. The level of knowledge encountered in the general public respondents proved to be below the average. Their awareness of hazards that the combustion products may pose for humans should be heightened (e.g. through a campaign able to provide information on the subject) since the products may be detrimental to the health of just anybody.
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