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New Ecological Paradigm as a research approach in the Czech Republic: An analysis of environmental attitudes of Czechs
Vaněk, Jiří ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Soukup, Petr (referee)
This thesis focus on the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) and its measurement instrument New Ecological Paradigm scale. Thesis introduces the New Ecological Paradigm as opposite type of thinking to the Human Exemptionalism Paradigm and provides historical context of the creation of the revised version of the New Ecological Paradigm scale. We carried out a secondary analysis of the data from survey about the European climate change policy acceptance conducted by Ščasný et al in year 2015. Thesis then examined the extent to which people from the Czech Republic, the Great Britain and the Poland endorse the New Ecological Paradigm and found out that the Czechs have the higher environmental concern than people from the Great Britain and the Poland. Furthermore, this thesis use Cronbach`s and factor analysis to discover, that the New ecological paradigm scale is internally consistent yet multidimensional instrument in case of the three surveyed countries. Regression analysis discovered that not only gender and age are significant socio-demographic predictors for the NEP results as income, education, size of municipality and current occupation are also relevant across the three surveyed countries. Lastly, regression analysis verified that the direct correlation between the general environmental values measured by the...
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Willingness to pay for electricity-driven passenger vehicles
Horváthová, Inés ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Kukačka, Jiří (referee)
This thesis analyses stated preferences for 4 different types of passenger ve- hicles (conventional, hybrid electric, plug-in hybrid, and battery electric vehi- cles). The discrete choice experiment survey was conducted in Poland in 2014. With the use of latent class model it was possible to identify and describe dis- tinct segments in the population with varying preferences for the propulsion technologies: groups with strong and weak preferences for conventional vehi- cles, segments preferring pure hybrid and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and a class in favour of battery electric vehicles. Even though it was found that on average consumers would require compensation up to 22,200zł (e5,311) to switch to using an electric vehicle, respective segments in the population would be willing to pay around 10,100zł (e2,417) for this change in case of pure hy- brid, around 21,400zł (e5,128) in case of plug-in hybrid, and around 92,800zł (e22,199) in case of battery electric vehicles.
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The Economic Value of Crop Diversity in the Czech Republic
Tyack, Nicholas ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Šťastná, Lenka (referee)
We estimate the willingness-to-pay for conserving crop diversity in the Czech Republic. Discrete choice experiments are used to elicit preferences for the conservation of wine, hop, and fruit tree varieties, while a double-bounded dichotomous choice approach is used to elicit preferences for the conservation of unspecified, "general" crop diversity. The WTP values are derived for both of these contingent products from a sample representative of the general Czech population (n=731) and a sample of respondents living in the South Moravian region that is characterized by agriculture and wine production (n=418). We demonstrate a strong preference for conserving fruit trees over hops and wine varieties, and derive positive mean WTP of the general Czech population (ages 18-69) of 56 Kč ($2.26). Mean WTP for the conservation of general crop diversity is 167 Kč ($6.80). On average, residents of South Moravia have a greater WTP for "general" crop as well as fruit tree conservation. In total, the Czech adult population (ages 18-69) has an aggregate WTP of ~1.25 billion Kč ($50.5 million) for the conservation of general crop diversity, and ~410 million Kč ($16.8 million) for the conservation of fruit trees, revealing the previously unmeasured social welfare benefits of these activities. The estimated benefits...
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Willingness to pay for green electricity
Novák, Jan ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Gutiérrez Chvalkovská, Jana (referee)
We estimate the willingness to pay for electricity generated from renewable energy in the Czech Republic. Discrete choice experiment is used to elicit preferences for various attributes of renewable electricity support scheme (PM emission, GHG emission, size of RE power plant, revenue distribution, and costs). Original survey is carried with 404 respondents living in two regions - Ustecky (polluted area) and Southern Bohemia (cleaner area). We find that respondents prefer decentralized renewable electricity sources over centralized, local air quality improvements over reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Estimated marginal willingness to pay for 1% reduction in emission of particulate matter equals to 49 CZK, respectively 3.7 % of average monthly electricity bill. In total, WTP for green electricity is larger than current compulsory contributions to renewable energy support scheme. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Thermal Insulation of Apartment Buildings: Decision-making Process and Effect on Energy Savings
Častorálová, Lucie ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Chytilová, Julie (referee)
Thermal Insulation of Apartment Buildings: Decision-making Process and Effect on Energy Savings Abstract In order to lower the emissions of green-house gases it is necessary to explore the wide range of the energy efficiency options. This thesis attempts to analyse the effect of thermal insulation installed in the multi-family apartment buildings during the period of 2006-2012 in the Czech Republic. We also investigate whether providing governmental funding further improves energy performance of the insulated apartment buildings. In addition, we examine the collective decision-making processes of members of the multi-family apartment building associations, including their attitudes towards thermal insulation of their houses. The basis of this thesis is the econometric panel data model (with 45 apartment buildings and their energy consumption before and after the insulation) evaluated by the fixed effects method with cluster confirming that the insulation, investments and public funding had all significant and negative impact on the energy consumption in the buildings, when energy consumption was adjusted for weather conditions. After the analysis it was concluded that the more the owners invest in thermal insulation, the more they will save in the long run. The governmental funding led to even greater...
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Household food demand in the Czech Republic: coherent demand system dealing with selectivity
Smutná, Šarlota ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Břízová, Pavla (referee)
Demand for food is widely studied topic in applied econometrics. Demand systems are the most useful models to evaluate demand and estimate the income and price elasticities. Different demand systems used for food demand are discussed in this thesis. Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) is the most popular among researchers thanks to conformity with economic theory, simple estimation, and flexibility with respect to non-linearity of Engel's curves or to control for socio-demographic or structural variables of household. Reporting of zero consumption by respondents when analysing demand on budget survey data requires special treatment, as censoring leads to the selectivity problem and hence biased estimates. Several techniques to treat the selectivity in order to obtain unbiased estimate of demand elasticities are discussed. Specifically, the Heien and Wessels, Shonkwiler and Yen, and Cosslett's semi-parametric corrections are incorporated into the AIDS model and empirically compared among each other. Since homogeneity and symmetry conditions are not fulfilled in this case, income and price elasticities of food demand are estimated by the unrestricted version of QUAIDS model which suits the budget survey data of Czech households the best with the correction for the selectivity by Shonkwiler and Yen's estimator....
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Analysis of meat demand in the Czech Republic
Dlasková, Karolína ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Polák, Petr (referee)
Meat and meat products form the highest share of Czech household expenditures for food. This thesis offers a complex view on the Czech meat market and studies in detail the determinants of meat demand. A review of the most frequently used demand models is included, from which the least squares log-log model is used for empirical analysis. The core of this thesis is the estimation of price and income elasticities of demand for various types of meat based on statistical data of household accounts from the years 2000 - 2012. The estimates are, with the exception of the price elasticity for beef, which equals 0.13, consistent with previous studies. Within the examined period, households manifest unitary income elasticity and own price elasticity of demand for meat equal to -1.2. The temporal evolution of elasticities varies for different types of meat. Important socio-demographical aspects influencing the demand for meat, such as age, education, whether the household is led by a female, and others, are also analysed.
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Determinants of Residential Water Demand in Hawassa, Ethiopia
Legamo, Tarekegn Mamo ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Chytilová, Julie (referee)
This empirical study is aimed to analyze the determinants of residential water demand and performed water use practice at household level in Hawassa. This study will fill the research gap and information on factors affecting household water demand in regions being water scarce and will provide useful information for policy-makers and water utility planners in order to use scarce drinking water resource more efficiently. In this study the proposed potential factors determine household water demand in Hawassa were; Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, the average monthly household expenditure, use of water appliances and household water use patterns for various purposes, and household awareness towards water source conservation. The cross sectional survey was done in 169 rondomly selected households. The collected Data was analyzed using multiple regression models with different functional forms (linear, semi-log) and heteroskedaticity corrected model was also used in each of functional forms to examine the structural relationship between the quantity of water demand and explanatory variables. The gretl statisitcal software package was used. The descriptive statistics analysis was also followed to present results in tables, charts and graphs (mean, median, minimum, maximum, frequency...
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Alternative and renewable energy policy in Europe
Orujov, Faig ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
Driven by the fact that the global oil market has become extremely volatile and the EU dependence on oil continues to grow, this paper argues that with more emphasis on renewable energy and by using domestically produced alternative energy sources instead of importing foreign oil the EU Member States would drastically improve their energy security and energy independence. The study investigates both past and present trends in the EU energy sources supply and consumption patterns. Additionally, the paper considers possibilities of the renewable and alternative energy both at the current stage and future development of this sector in the EU. The research findings confirm the initial hypothesis as to whether the share of alternative and renewable energy will be sufficiently large to contribute to solving a problem of the EU energy security and independency. The role of the renewables in national energy security strategies of three EU Member States is studied and government supporting policies that enhance renewable sources development are analyzed.
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