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By what is humor as a psychological phenomen interesting?
Povalová, Martina ; Šípek, Jiří (advisor) ; Štětovská, Iva (referee)
This bachelor's thesis deals with the topic of humor as a psychological phenomen with emphasis on interesting relationships and phenomens. Its theoretical part brings a review of general information about humor and its connections. First of all it focuses on definiton, process and forms of humor. It mentions the basic theories of humor, brief history and research of humor in psychology. The work also refers to humor from the view of psychopatology and as a possible psychodiagnostic instrument. It brings the occasions for using humor in psyhotherapy, mental health and humor skills program. The thesis focuses on effects of humor on mental health. The practical part offer the proposal about the effects of humor skills program on well-being and sense of humor.
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Psychological Aspects of Artistic Personality
Ottová, Jana ; Šípek, Jiří (advisor) ; Niederlová, Markéta (referee)
Background: The purpose of the master thesis was to explore connections among artistic cre- ation and some psychological aspects of the personality of artists. Apart from differences in creativity and psychopathology in theoretical part some characteristics of personality through the theories of personality are discussed. A sample of visual art university students and university of economics students (n=49) was tested on method GPOP, which in its core is based on the Jung's theory of psychological types. Conclusions: The results of incident research support the foreign studies results and indicate that artists score higher in "Intuition", "Perceiving" and "Feeling". Other high scores were measured in "Abstraction" and "Imagination" traits. In the last part of the study the obtained results are discussed. Keywords Art, Artists, Personal Traits, Creativity
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Space Responses in the Rorschach. Their Meaning and Correspondence with Personality Manifestation of Adolescent Students
Simon, Vratislav ; Šípek, Jiří (advisor) ; Loneková, Katarína (referee)
The thesis deals with space responses in the Rorschach which are usually given into relation with oppositionality. The theoretical part focuses on the oppositionality phenomenon at a level of perception and personality and analyzes a variety of probable diagnostic meanings of space responses. The aim of empirical part is to verify the validity of space responses on a group of adolescent students. Results suggest that strong tendency to give space responses is not significantly related to the manifestation of oppositionality which was assessed by students' teachers. Discussion implies the need to interpret space responses in a context of an individual. Significantly higher occurrence of space responses was found in adolescent students compared to adult norms. The finding can point to a specific developmental need of independence which is typical for adolescents. Keywords: Rorschach test, Perception, Personality, Oppositionality, Adolescence
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New derivatives of diketopyrrolo[2,3-f]indole (DPIs) for organic electronics
Šípek, Jiří ; Richtár, Jan (referee) ; Cigánek, Martin (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis deals with semiconducting materials based on diketopyrroloindoles, their preparation and possible applications. In the theoretical part of the thesis, a current overview of the issues of organic electronics and photonics is presented, and technologies using the potential of organic molecules to behave as semiconductors capable of transmitting electrical energy are presented. A brief history highlights important milestones for organic conductive molecules and polymers, including important categories of high performance organic pigments and dyes such as diketopyrroloindoles (DPI). In other parts of the work, the synthetic approaches known so far in the preparation of DPI themselves are summarized, with a focus on their thiophene analogues and related derivatives. In the experimental part, the preparation of the basic molecule of the DPI skeleton is described. Finally, three derivatives differing in the character of the aliphatic side chain from a series of branched, linear and bulky substituents prepared by means of N,N'alkylation reactions are presented.
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Development of a screening tool for cognitive impairments in older persons
Panenková, Erika ; Šípek, Jiří (advisor) ; Jarolímová, Eva (referee) ; Kulišťák, Petr (referee)
Development of a screening tool for detection of cognitive impairment in older persons Mgr. Erika Panenková Abstract Cognitive disorders are the most common psychiatric disorders in the elderly, while the prevalence in the population increases with age. Early detection of people at risk of dementia syndrome or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the basis for earlier pharmacological and non- pharmacological interventions. However, it is necessary to have a sufficiently sensitive screening tool to screen the cognitive status of the elderly over 60 years. This study focuses on the development and standardization of the screening test - the NANOK screen. With an average administration time of 3 minutes and 27 seconds, this tool will be used as a sufficiently reliable and valid tool for the use of general practitioners, neurologists, geriatrics, as well as clinical psychologists and psychologists in social services. In the research we offer a description of the development of the method (N = 540), a study on a healthy population (N = 187) and a clinical population (N = 97). The results are percentile norms and cut-off scores for different diagnostic situations: differentiation of the healthy population from a population with dementia syndrome and MCI; differentiation just MCI or just dementia syndrome. Since the...
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Wisconsion card sorting test. Screening of performance in Czech population
Kawaciuková, Radka ; Šípek, Jiří (referee) ; Niederlová, Markéta (referee)
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) has been published as a measure of flexibility of thinking. Soon, it became a popular neuropsychological tool sensitive to brain damage, especially frontallobes. Arising from the knowledge of relationship between frontal lobes and executive functions, WCST is also called an executive task. Various versions of the test have been developed. Heaton' s standardization is in the focus of this thesis because it is the most often used version. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test is supposed to be the most common executive measure in neuropsychological research. The test output gives us 16 various scores, which reflect different cognitive processes. Each score has been provided with normative data on American population. However, clinically the most valid scores are scores of perseveration: perseverative responses and perseverative errors. There is certain evidence of impaired performance in patients with frontal lobe damage, especially left-side. Additionally, assumptions arising from physiological studies on healthy people or patients with various types of neurological illnesses suggest WCST to be sensitive not only to impairment of prefrontal cortex but also to the impairment of prefrontalsubcortical circ.uit including thalamus and basal ganglia or the prefrnntalsu bt:orli ca 1 t:l...
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Crisis and personal growth. Possibilities and metaphors of crisis
Veselá, Ivana ; Bahbouh, Radvan (advisor) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee)
Each person has an experience with crisis, it is a natural part of human life. A crisis has an inner potential in the form of a challenge and it brings a new possibility for people in percieving reality and themselves. In this thesis I focuse on possibilities which open for those people who seek a professional advice. I suppose that crisis is a part of the process of personal growth. Therefore the main theoretical chapters refere to these two themes. First I define what a crisis is including it's course and various types. Than I place crisis into the context of difficult life situations including coping strategies. Personal growth is defined in the view of development and change. Both are focused on the process. The goal of personal growth is described in a sub-chapture on optimal personality. The following chapter is on positive psychology which pays attention to the quality of life. I suppose that the most important concepts of these fields of study are Rotter's Locus of control and Seligman's learned helplessness. Out of psychoterapeutical schools I have chosen existencial-humanistic tradition which corresponds to my research question the most. I put attention to the founders of main schools - V. E. Frankl's Logotherapy, A. Maslow's Humanistic psycholgy, C.R. Rogers's Client-centred therapy and F....
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The subject matter at work of the contemporary Czech artists and its dependence on creator's personality
Uholyeva, Xenie ; Slaměník, Ivan (advisor) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee)
The construed diploma thesis deals with both some content characteristics of the visual artist's work and his/her individuality (personality) as well as their correlation. The theoretical part of the thesis begins with an introduction to the issues in the interdisciplinary research in creative art. In the second chapter, a summary of present research focused on visual artist's personality as well as on personality correlates of creativity in general and on some typologies of artists which impeach their production and personality is included. Our personal results are later compared with those studies. The third chapter is attended to the subjects in creative art. We treat of the subject like the aspect of artist's production which can bring psychological information on the artist. The production process in light of the genesis of the subject is described. We also deal with an influence of the subject on perception of art artifact. In the fourth chapter, the research of Stanislav Drvota which we are repeating in the altered form in the empiric part is briefly described. In the experimental part, we are describing artists' personality characteristics per personage questionnaires. The content characteristics are evaluated via the experimental tool taken over from Drvota. At the last part, artist's personality...
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Encounter groups: room for everyone?
Šaldová, Helena ; Šípek, Jiří (advisor) ; Junková, Vendula (referee)
The main aim of the theoretical part of the thesis is to introduce Encounter groups. The beginning deals with the main concepts of humanistic psychology and Person Centered Approach (PCA), from which Encounter groups have derived. Relevant key themes, such as definition of the Encounter groups, their aims, their comparison with psychotherapy, and the role of a facilitator, are examined. Furthermore, a therapeutic process, which is characteristic for the Encounter groups, as well as for the PCA in general, is thoroughly described. This is followed by a presentation of critiques and an overview of research regarding effectiveness and indication of the Encounter groups. The theoretical part of the thesis is concluded by discussion of application and potential of the Encounter groups. Central to the empirical part of the thesis is a quantitative research, which examines differences in three psychological characteristics (defence mechanisms, locus of control, and coping strategies) between two groups. A sample of actual members of an Encounter group is compared to a sample of people who decided to leave it. Furthermore, the empirical part presents predictive factors determining the decision to leave or stay in an Encounter group. Moreover, some results are interpreted by means of data from an additional...
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Updating of the Rosenzweig p-f study's stimulus material and its operative application
Čáp, David ; Šípek, Jiří (advisor) ; Niederlová, Markéta (referee)
The Rosenzweig Picture Frustration Study for adults has never had any created norms in terms of Czech population. Since the time of creation its graphical stimulus material became old and nearly unusable. The purpose of this text is to show the method P-F Study to the readers and than to introduce new graphical material and the emergent norms. Validity and reliability of the new version PFT (C-W) was examined on the sample of 30 students in age from 14 to 16 years. The standardisation was realized on the sample of 100 students in age from 14 to 17 years. The new norms were created for categories, S-E patterns and GCR. Also the scoring and compilation of the scoring blank was adapted.
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