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Steroid metabolome and multiple pregnancy
Černý, Andrej ; Pařízek, Antonín (advisor) ; Hubka, Petr (referee) ; Kiss, Imrich (referee)
Steroid hormones can be divided into 2 groups - intracellular and extracellular, depending on location of their activity. Intracellular ones influence expression of genes while acting as transcription factors. This so-called genomic effect is very slow. Extracellular (non-genomic) steroids bind to neurotransmitter receptors located on the cytoplasmic cell membrane and thus affect ionic channels permeability. Their effect is faster. We refer to them as neuroactive steroids (produced in different body tissues or administered externally) or neurosteroids (synthetized in nervous system cells). Some neuroactive steroids and their metabolites (e.g. progesterone) are crucial in stabilizing the pregnancy. Other steroid disorders play their role in wide spectre of pregnancy complications, such as preterm labor, preeclampsia, intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnancy etc. Our scientific interest in collaboration with the Department of Steroids and Proteofactors of the Institute of Endocrinology in Prague is focused on investigation of multiple pregnancies in term of steroid metabolome. Studies conducted so far have not provided a comprehensive analysis of steroidome within mothers and fetuses of multiple pregnancies. The aim of our research is to clarify the relationship between fetuses and mother from the point...
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Breast cancer - women's awareness of secondary prevention options
Košáková, Dominika ; Černý, Andrej (advisor) ; Laštůvka, Zdeněk (referee)
The topic of this bachelor thesis is breast cancer, which is one of the most common cancers in women from the Czech Republic. This thesis includes theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part was focused on the description of the issues related to breast cancer. Initially, it guides the reader through the anatomy and development of the female breast. The following chapters then introduce the reader to the different types of breast disease, either benign or malignant. Risk factors, symptoms of the disease, and current methods of diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are also described. The last chapter elaborates on primary, secondary and tertiary prevention of breast cancer. In the practical part, two main objectives have been set. The first was to find out what is the awareness of women about secondary prevention and the second was to find out whether women are actively involved in it. These two objectives were further explored through nine sub-objectives. The research investigation was carried out using an anonymous, quantitative questionnaire survey conducted at the Gynaecology and Obstetrics Clinic of the First Faculty of Medicine of the Charles University in Prague. Data collection at the clinic took place from 1 November 2022 to 31 March 2023 and was carried out using a...
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Effect of socioeconomic status on breastfeeding duration
Trpálková, Tereza ; Laštůvka, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Černý, Andrej (referee)
This Bachelor thesis is focused on the breastfeeding and its issues. This thesis includes theoretical and practical part. The aim of the theoretical part is to widen the educaion of the public and the valid information about breastfeeding. This part consists of the anatomy of breast and physiology of lactation, emphasizes the value of breastfeeding for mother, baby and the whole society and also the Agenda for Sustainable Development 2030 is mentioned. It also recommends the ideal nourishment of breastfeeding women, describes the rules and correct techniques of breastfeeding, specifies the ideal growth and progress of the baby. It decribes the main complications during breastfeeding and offers their solution. It offers also the alternatives of nourishment and rules for its uses. It shows the support of breastfeeding and sums up the results of foreign studies about socioeconomical status and its influence on the length of breastfeeding. The practical part follows the theoretical part and research the influence of socioeconomical status on ways and length of breastfeeding. The set hypothesis presumed that there will be no difference in the form of breastfeeding depending on the education of women in the period of 14th day, 1st month, 3rd month and 5th month of baby's life. With those set aims and...
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Historical development of the usage of contraception since the end of the 20th century to the present time
Bajerová, Michaela ; Černý, Andrej (advisor) ; Šimonová, Daniela (referee)
The bachelor thesis topic is "Historical development of the use of contraceptives from the end of the 20th century to the present day". It is divided into 2 parts - theoretical and practical. The theoretical part is devoted to the basic and extended division of contraceptives into hormonal and non-hormonal forms. After the basic division, we can find a table of contraceptive reliability. Furthermore, we will find the favourable, unfavourable effects and possible contraindications of hormonal and non-hormonal contraception. The history of each form is also briefly mentioned. In the practical part, I was interested in the different views of three generations of women and examined the historical development of demand for forms of contraception across their reproductive ages. I constructed a total of 3 questionnaires to better distinguish differences of opinion. I obtained responses from a total of 403 respondents in the categories of women born before 1979, between 1980-1989, and born after 1990 inclusive. The pre-constructed hypotheses helped me to evaluate each objective. For the second question, each respondent had to answer whether she had encountered contraceptives at least once; this allowed me to eliminate biased results, and thus only women who had encountered contraceptives more than once...
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Womenś awareness of endometriosis in the Czech Republic
Fridrichová, Tereza ; Fanta, Michael (advisor) ; Černý, Andrej (referee)
The theme of my bachelor thesis is called "Awareness of women about endometriosis in the Czech Republic". The thesis consists of two parts - theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part, I deal with the anatomy and physiology of female genitals. The next chapter focuses directly on endometriosis. Contains subchapters related to with the characteristics, origin, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, etc. Last but not least, I focus on the role of the midwife in the care of a woman with endometriosis. In the practical part, I examined women's awareness of endometriosis. To collect the data, I used an anonymous quantitative questionnaire, which I shared using social networks. The questionnaire could be filled in by a woman of all ages living in the Czech Republic. 106 respondents took part in the research, who filled in a questionnaire in the period from 10 February 2020 to 9 March 2020. Before starting the practical part, I set out hypotheses that I was able to confirm or refute thanks to the obtained questionnaires. My main goal was to find out how many women know what is endometriosis. Based on this goal, I set a hypothesis, which was confirmed and that more than half of the respondents know the disease. Because these are the days one of the most common gynecological diseases, I assumed...
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Womenś awareness of methods of assisted reproduction in the Czech Republic
Dolejšková, Michaela ; Černý, Andrej (advisor) ; Šimják, Patrik (referee)
The theme of my thesis is women's awareness about the methods of assisted reproduction in the Czech Republic. The work is devided into a theoretical part and practical part. In the theoretical part I deal with the physiology of reproductive organs of women and men, further I describe the term infertility and its causes. In the following chapters I focus on the process of finding a specialist, subsequent examinations and possible methods of assisted reproduction. In the practical part I examine the awareness of women in this area. As a data source I use an anonymous quantitative questionnaire, shared on social networks, filled in by women of different ages. 193 women completed the questionnaire. I made several hypotheses, which I confirmed or refuted thanks to the answers. Research has confirmed the hypothesis that more than half of women know when and to which doctor to address fertility problems. Subsequently, the second hypothesis was confirmed-most women know at least some of the risk factors affecting fertility. Furthermore, I assumed that most women are aware of the importance of age in the pursuit of conception. Although I confirmed the hypothesis thanks to a questionnaire survey, but not every woman knows how low the age at which fertility reduction begins to manifest. I refute the...
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Breastfeeding in the COVID-19 era
Brožková, Adéla ; Laštůvka, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Černý, Andrej (referee)
Bachelor thesis is focused on breast-feeding and midwife competences and her irreplaceable care in life of nursing woman. Thesis is based as theory-practice work. Goal of theoretic part is to summary the knowledge of nursing with specific focus on COVID-19 disease and its disadvantage on nursing women. Practical part of the thesis is based on results from medical documentation of monitored homogenous group of woman, with added conclusions data from questionnaires addressed to this homogeneous group of woman. Thesis monitors differences in fully nursed newborns, partially nursed newborns with artificial nutrition on side and newborns fully nourished by artificial nutritious. Data were followed during leave from the maternity yard, after three months and after six months. Reported data were compared between control year 2019 and monitored year 2020, when world was flooded by COVID-19 disease which resulted in various limitations during hospitalisations. Thesis also examine bonding and its effect on nursing woman. Statistics methods fully supported first hypothesis, as no significant differences between nursing women leaving from hospital were reported in year 2021 versus control year 2019. Other two hypothesis were rejected, as statistical data showed that in third and sixth month after childbirth...
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Maternal stress and premature birth
Kokešová, Nikola ; Černý, Andrej (advisor) ; Laštůvka, Zdeněk (referee)
This bachelor thesis is studying the influence of maternal stress on premature birth. Premature birth is a very serious perinatal complication, the incidence of which remains consistent, although health care is constantly improving. In the Czech Republic, the incidence of premature birth is around 8 %. The work has theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on preterm birth, what are its causes, how it can be prevented, what is the diagnosis and management of premature birth. Last but not least the thesis discusses stress as a risk factor for preterm birth. In 2020, a pandemic of COVID-19 hit the world. In March 2020, the first cases appeared in the Czech Republic. A completely new and extraordinary situation has brought many changes and limitations in everyday life of the society, and thus caused an excessive level of stress in the population. Therefore, in the practical part, we focus on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pregnancy and premature births. The aim of the work was to find out whether this new stressful situation affected the frequency of premature births at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital in Prague. We have also studied whether the frequency of premature births has...
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Womenś awareness of endometriosis in the Czech Republic
Fridrichová, Tereza ; Fanta, Michael (advisor) ; Černý, Andrej (referee)
The theme of my bachelor thesis is called "Awareness of women about endometriosis in the Czech Republic". The thesis consists of two parts - theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part, I deal with the anatomy and physiology of female genitals. The next chapter focuses directly on endometriosis. Contains subchapters related to with the characteristics, origin, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, etc. Last but not least, I focus on the role of the midwife in the care of a woman with endometriosis. In the practical part, I examined women's awareness of endometriosis. To collect the data, I used an anonymous quantitative questionnaire, which I shared using social networks. The questionnaire could be filled in by a woman of all ages living in the Czech Republic. 106 respondents took part in the research, who filled in a questionnaire in the period from 10 February 2020 to 9 March 2020. Before starting the practical part, I set out hypotheses that I was able to confirm or refute thanks to the obtained questionnaires. My main goal was to find out how many women know what is endometriosis. Based on this goal, I set a hypothesis, which was confirmed and that more than half of the respondents know the disease. Because these are the days one of the most common gynecological diseases, I assumed...
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Womenś awareness of methods of assisted reproduction in the Czech Republic
Dolejšková, Michaela ; Černý, Andrej (advisor) ; Šimják, Patrik (referee)
The theme of my thesis is women's awareness about the methods of assisted reproduction in the Czech Republic. The work is devided into a theoretical part and practical part. In the theoretical part I deal with the physiology of reproductive organs of women and men, further I describe the term infertility and its causes. In the following chapters I focus on the process of finding a specialist, subsequent examinations and possible methods of assisted reproduction. In the practical part I examine the awareness of women in this area. As a data source I use an anonymous quantitative questionnaire, shared on social networks, filled in by women of different ages. 193 women completed the questionnaire. I made several hypotheses, which I confirmed or refuted thanks to the answers. Research has confirmed the hypothesis that more than half of women know when and to which doctor to address fertility problems. Subsequently, the second hypothesis was confirmed-most women know at least some of the risk factors affecting fertility. Furthermore, I assumed that most women are aware of the importance of age in the pursuit of conception. Although I confirmed the hypothesis thanks to a questionnaire survey, but not every woman knows how low the age at which fertility reduction begins to manifest. I refute the...
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