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The effect of maternal nutrition on the newborn genome methylation
Pavlíková, Jitka ; Rössner, Pavel (advisor) ; Černá, Marie (referee) ; Hlaváč, Viktor (referee)
The maternal diet during pregnancy is an important factor involved in the epigenetic programming of the offspring. In addition to the nutritional aspect, the epigenome is also influenced by possible contaminating substances that may occur in the diet of pregnant women. An important group of these potential contaminants are persistent organic pollutants, which are compounds of mostly anthropogenic origin that persist in the environment for a long time, become part of food chains, and some of them accumulate in living organisms. These substances are being monitored for their adverse effects on organisms, and the use of some of them has already been banned or at least significantly restricted. The aim of this work was to find out whether the quality of the diet of pregnant women in the Czech Republic differs in terms of nutrition and contamination with persistent organic pollutants so much that these differences can be reflected in the methylome of newborns. The diet quality of 49 pregnant women from the Karviná and České Budějovice regions was analyzed. During the last month of pregnancy, these women recorded in detail all the food they ate for one week and at the same time collected a quarter of this food in boxes (one box for one day). Information on the quantity and quality of the diet was...
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"Legs apart as the tide came in": Fluid Sexual Personae of Ann Quin
Černá, Michaela ; Vichnar, David (advisor) ; Armand, Louis (referee)
This thesis focuses on the "sexual personae" in the oeuvre of the British novelist Ann Quin. The aim of the thesis is to map out a basic overview of the types of characters appearing throughout the author's work, point out the significant patterns involved in their construction and the approach to these figures. The analysis draws from the arguments maintained in the research regarding this author so far, and works of psychoanalysis, especially the oeuvre of Sigmund Freud since his works contain analyses of the phenomena discussed in relation to the characters observed in this thesis, and other texts influenced by psychoanalysis. The analysis follows four thematic spheres significant in the works of Ann Quin: the family environment, gender roles, triangular relationships and violence. These thematic circles significantly shape the archetypal nature of Quin's characters. The thesis indicates the resurfacing attributes "typifying" Quin's characters in the context of sexuality, and also attempts to provide a comparative reflection of these "personae." KEY WORDS Ann Quin, sexuality, persona, British literature, 1960s, experimental woman writer
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Mechanisms of antigen presentation in the etiopathogenesis of celiac disease
Hudec, Michael ; Černá, Marie (advisor) ; Hrdý, Jiří (referee) ; Slavčev, Antonij (referee)
1 ABSTRACT Celiac disease (CeD) is a chronic autoimmune disease that develops as a response of the immune system to the presence of gluten in the small intestine. CeD is manifested not only by classic intestinal symptoms: abdominal pain, constipation or diarrhea, as well as complex less common symptoms: anemia, osteoporosis, psychiatric disorders or menstrual cycle disorders. HLA risk alleles predisposing to origin of celiac disease are HLA-DQ2 (DQA1*05:01 / DQB1*02:01) and HLA-DQ8 (DQA1*03:01 / DQB1*03:02). There are other celiac disease-associated polymorphisms outside of HLA locus (6p21.3) that are located in 5q32 and 19p13 regions with unclear connection to CeD development. HLA class II glycoproteins are expressed on antigen presenting cells (APC) that include dendritic cells, macrophages and B cells. Monocytes are one of several possible dendritic cell precursors that circulate in the bloodstream. Deviations in the frequency of intermediate monocytes are directly associated with autoimmune disorders such as Crohn's disease or rheumatoid arthritis. It is known that the monocytes of CeD patients show pro-inflammatory reaction in the presence of gluten. It means that, in the context of CeD, the response to gluten arises earlier than the activation of gluten-specific T cells. The conventional way of direct...
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Salerno verses published by Daniel Adam of Veleslavín
Černá, Alena M.
The article is devoted to a medical didactic poem on the preservation of health Regimen sanitatis Salernitanum, which is known as Salerno verses, published by Daniel Adam of Veleslavín in 1587. The original Latin verses were translated into national languages from the Middle Ages. We deal with the question of whether one of the Czech translations was prepared by Daniel Adam of Veleslavín and what is the relation of the translation from 1587 to the older translation from 1584. We lay special attention to the characteristics of the Czech language of Veleslavín's edition.
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Způsoby hodnocení stresu u koní
ČERNÁ, Michaela
This bachelor's thesis deals with the currently highly addressed issues in horse bree-ding, which is stress. It can be caused by a number of causes and lead to a number of undesirable consequences. These can adversely affect the health, performance or behavior of the animals. Therefore, this is a very important topic for horse breeders. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to write available current information about horse stress and select appropriate methods for its evaluation. The following proce-dures were chosen: heart rate, cortisol levels, body temperature and eye temperatu-re. The observation included 3 individuals who were integrated into the new herd. The most effective way to evaluate the degree of tremor in the incorporation of horses into a new herd was to measure the temperature of the eye using a thermal camera. Within 3 days, the value of the eye temperature dropped from 35.5 °C to 31.6 °C. An invasive and accurate method for determining stress in horses was found-free determination of blood cortisol concentrations, which were recorded at 64.3 nmol / l, 29.7 nmol / l when collected at 17:00 and 149 nmol / l when collected at 10:00. The morning time proved to be more suitable for blood collection to assess the degree of stress. Heart rate was recorded as normal (36 bpm, 44 bpm) and did not reflect the stress response. Rectal temperature measurement has proven difficult to perform in horses in a new environment and under stress. Eye temperature measurement proved to be the most accurate method for asses-sing stress in horses and blood cortisol levels, which is more suitable for scientific purposes. However, the goal of every breeder should be to try to prevent stressful situations, especially by fulfilling the welafre in horse breeding.
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Social Housing for People with Mental Disorder
ČERNÁ, Monika
The aim of the bachelor thesis was to describe social housing for people with mental disorders, especially in the city of Pilsen. In the practical part, the following research questions were answered: 1) What are the possibilities and specifics of social work with people with mental disorders? 2) What is the benefit of social housing from the point of view of clients with mental disorders? For the research, I chose a qualitative research strategy using the method of semi-structured interviews. The first part of the interviews took place with social workers of the City of Pilsen - Department of Affordable Housing and Social Inclusion, the second part of the interviews with tenants of social housing who have been diagnosed with a mental disorder. The research set was created by the method of intentional selection and subsequent data analysis was performed by the coding method. A total of fourteen semi-structured interviews were conducted, five with social workers and twelve with clients. The research part showed that all communication partners from the ranks of clients lived in precarious housing conditions before moving into a social apartment, all of them showed repeated moving, especially after substandard forms of housing. This situation often worsened their mental state, and most of them were regularly hospitalized in psychiatric hospitals. The most common reasons for the absence of long-term stable housing presented by communication partners were poor financial situation, mental health problems and poor social ties. After moving into a social apartment, all communication partners managed to keep housing with the support of a social worker free of rent, and almost all of them had a long-term health condition. They all live in a social apartment for more than one year. The bachelor's thesis can be beneficial for social workers who, in the exercise of their profession, meet people with mental disorders suffering from housing deprivation. It could also be an inspiration for municipalities considering the introduction of social housing.
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Rotacism in Czech and its perceptual response
Šimková, Iva ; Černá, Martina (advisor) ; Skarnitzl, Radek (referee)
This bachelor thesis aims to contribute to the research of the relation between the speech of speakers with rhotacism and negative evaluation in the perception of their speech. A perception test was created based on the previous research concerned with the perception of disrupted speech and more detailed characteristics of rhotacism. The test was based on samples of utterances that were selected from the speech of five speakers with rhotacism. The test provided the necessary material for data analysis through indirect testing of the perceptive response of thirty-six respondents. The analysis deals with the comparison of the utterances which contained the problematic /r/ sound to the utterances which were missing the problematic /r/ sound as a result of the perceptive score. Based on the descriptive and frequentist statistics, it has been found that the utterances with rhotacism were evaluated more negatively than the utterances without the vibrant /r/. The thesis also attempts to expose the possible relations between the implemented type of rhotacism or the context in which the sound /r/ occurs, and the perceptive response of these phenomena.
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Epigenetic regulation of gene expression in cancer progression and HIV-1 latency
Kovářová, Denisa ; Hejnar, Jiří (advisor) ; Černá, Marie (referee) ; Rösel, Daniel (referee)
Epigenetic mechanisms of transcriptional regulation and modulation of gene expression using RNA interference have become a powerfull tool for studying various cellular mechanisms, including tumor progression and viral latency. Advances in expression profiling have provided technology to detect candidate genes implicated in this complex process and bring other possibilities in the diagnosis and treatment of tumor diseases. In this work, I compare the gene expression profiles of v-src-transformed metastatic and nonmetastatic cells using microarray chip technology. Transcription factor homeodomain only protein X (HOPX) was identified as one of the differentially expressed genes. Activity of HOPX gene in several cancer types is usually controlled by promoter methylation. The role HOPX in metastatic formation was assessed by inoculation of cells with modulated expression of HOPX in a syngeneic chicken model system. After HOPX knockdown using shRNA, originally metastatic line showed decreased in vivo metastatic capacity. Further genomic analyses identified a cadre of genes affected by HOPX knockdown. These data demonstrate that HOPX is a metastasis-associated gene and that its knockdown decreases the metastatic activity of v-src-transformed cells through altered gene expression patterns. In the second...
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