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Molecular self-assembly on surfaces: the role of coverage, surface orientation and kinetics
Makoveev, Anton Olegovich ; Lackinger, Markus (referee) ; Casu, Benedetta (referee) ; Čechal, Jan (advisor)
Molekulární samouspořádávání je sofistikovaný přírodní jev založený na principech supramolekulární chemie. Není divu, že byl využit ke konstrukci molekulárních systémů na površích. Ačkoli je oblast molekulární samouspořádávání na površích poměrně vyspělá, stále ještě chybí ucelené systematické poznatky zahrnující např. univerzální parametrické modely. V této souvislosti předkládáme práci, jejímž cílem je objasnit závislost molekulárního samouspořádávání na površích na vnějších parametrech. Nejprve se zabýváme vlivem difuzně omezených podmínek. Za tímto účelem bylo zkoumáno samouspořádávání kyseliny 4,4'-bifenyldikarboxylové (BDA) na Ag(001) při úplném pokrytí monovrstvou a porovnáno se samouspořádávání při submonovrstevném pokrytí. Dále diskutujeme roli orientace povrchu. Za tímto účelem je předložena srovnávací studie samouspořádávání BDA na Ag(001) a Ag(001). Nakonec se zabýváme kinetikou procesu na povrchu a tím, jak ji lze ovlivnit netermální aktivací. Toto je demonstrováno na studiu kinetiky deprotonační reakce BDA vyvolané nízkoenergetickým elektronovým svazkem. Věříme, že naše práce přináší nové poznatky do systematického obrazu samouspořádávání molekul na površích a je tak významným krokem k vývoji ucelených parametrických modelů.
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Role of surface defects in ceria-based catalysis
Tovt, Andrii ; Mysliveček, Josef (advisor) ; Čechal, Jan (referee) ; Švec, Martin (referee)
Title: Role of surface defects in ceria-based catalysis Author: Andrii Tovt Department: Department of Surface and Plasma Science Supervisor of the doctoral thesis: doc. Mgr. Josef Mysliveček Ph.D., Department of Surface and Plasma Science Abstract: This work concentrates on the analysis of fundamental physicochemical properties of Pt-CeOx, single-atom Pt1 /CeOx, and inverse CeOx/Cu(111) catalysts. Preparation method for stabilized atomically-dispersed Pt2+ ions on ceria was developed and adsorption sites for Pt ions were thoroughly studied using advanced surface science techniques supported by theoretical methods. The mechanism of Pt2+ stabilization on ceria steps was revealed and the step capacity towards Pt2+ ions was estimated. Also, the preparation method for well-ordered cerium oxide ultrathin films with different stoichiometry and ordering of surface oxygen vacancies was developed, and the Ceria/Cu(111) interaction was investigated. Key words: heterogeneous catalysis, model systems, single-atom catalysis, platinum ions, cerium oxide.
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Growth of graphene by thermal decomposition of silicon carbide for applications in biophysics
Hodoš, Matúš ; Kunc, Jan (advisor) ; Čechal, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on growth and characterization of graphene from SiC powder at different conditions. In the introduction graphene properties are briefly described. Afterwards three methods of graphene growth are discussed, with particular emphasis on thermal decomposition of SiC. Further, the characterization methods which were used by us are explained. In experimental part, three sets of graphene samples prepared by thermal decomposition of SiC will be described, each will differ in one of the factors: temperature, time and ambient atmosphere. Growth samples will be subsequently used in an experiment on yeast. The effect of graphene prepared at different conditions on membrane potential will be determined for possible application in biophysics.
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Metal-organic networks on graphene surfaces
Kurowská, Anna ; Průša, Stanislav (referee) ; Čechal, Jan (advisor)
Molecular self-assembly is a spontaneous association of molecules and atoms into well-defined supramolecular structures. Understanding this process is key for preparation of structures with atomic precision. This thesis studies the supramolecular structure of tetrakyanochinodimetan molecules (TCNQ) and iron atoms on graphene grown on iridium crystal with the (111) surface. The surface analysis was performed by scanning tunneling microscopy, low-energy electron microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The thesis introduces the growth process of a good quality graphene on Ir(111) and the synthesis of Fe-TCNQ networks 20 nm x 20 nm large and describes their structural properties. Three preferential orientations of Fe-TCNQ on graphene were identified. The networks will be used in follow-up studies targeting their magnetic properties.
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Non-thermal dehydrogenation of carboxylic acids on metal surfaces
Kugler, David ; Kolíbal, Miroslav (referee) ; Čechal, Jan (advisor)
Molecular self-assembly is the process of spontaneous arrangement basic adsorbate units into complex structures. Self-assembly systems could be used for atomically precise fabrication of functional nanostructures in the future. One of the possibilities to fabricate self-assembled molecular networks is to deposit the simple carboxylic acid molecules onto a clean metal substrate. The aim of this work is to describe the kinetics of the deprotonation process of 4,4´-biphenyldicarboxylic acid on Ag(100) due to CO exposure. A low-energy electron microscope was used to monitor phase transitions induced by changes in binding properties of molecules. The result of the work is a comprehensive view on the deprotonation process induced by exposure to CO. We found out that the deprotonation reaction depends on the shape and size of molecular islands, and we described the kinetics of individual phase transitions for different molecular coverages. We have also described the correlation between CO pressure and the rate of deprotonation.
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Preparation of elemental 2D materials
David, Jiří ; Čechal, Jan (referee) ; Kolíbal, Miroslav (advisor)
This thesis is focused on searching suitable experimental conditions for epitaxial growth of silicene, multilayer silicene and phosphorene, and their analysis by LEED and LEEM. Composition was analyzed by XPS. In the first part, a summary of literature research on properties and structure of these materials is presented. The second part describes experiments attemping to prepare these materials. Silicene was the only successfully-prepared material. It was imposible to reach suitable experimental conditions for multilayer silicene growth in the available experimetal setup. Deposition of phosphorus led only to formation of phosphorene precursor.
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Calibration and interpretation of images measured by LEEM
Endstrasser, Zdeněk ; Novák, Jiří (referee) ; Čechal, Jan (advisor)
This thesis deals with the software development to calibration and interpretation of image data measured by a LEEM device. As the imaging technique is uniquely suited for in-situ studies of surface dynamical processes, the attention is mainly paid to methods enabling the evaluation of measurement time series. The phase correlation method based on Fourier transform of images is proposed to temperature shift correction between consecutive frames. The thesis describes the methods of additive and impulse noise filtering, image visualization, the filtration of secondary electrons and the determination of I-V curves from measured image data. Implemented methods are described not only in terms of their mathematical origin, but also with emphasis on the revealing of critical aspects associated with their use. The thesis also focuses on the application of the created algorithm to image data capturing the spatial and temporal evolution of 4,4’-biphenyl-dicarboxylic acid surface phases induced by sample annealing. Based on these evaluations, a suitable procedure is then determined to perform accurate detection and compensation of temperature shift said.
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2D molecular systems at surfaces
Kormoš, Lukáš ; Mysliveček,, Josef (referee) ; Schlickum, Uta (referee) ; Čechal, Jan (advisor)
Molekulárne systémy predstavujú jeden zo smerov súčasného výskumu nových nanoelektronických zariadení. Organické molekuly nachádzajú uplatnenie v rôznych aplikáciách, ako sú napríklad solárne články, displeje alebo kvantové počítače. Rast vysokokvalitných molekulárnych vrstiev s požadovanými vlastnosťami často vyžaduje využitie samousporiadavaných štruktúr, hlboké pochopenie rozhrania kovu a organických molekúl a tiež dynamiky rastu molekulárnych vrstiev. Predkladaná práca sa zaoberá predovšetkým samousporadanými štruktúrami bifenyl-dikarboxylovej kyseliny (BDA) na Cu (1 0 0) a Ag (1 0 0), ktoré boli skúmané v UHV s využitím STM, XPS a LEEM. V prípade BDA-Ag je podrobne opísaných niekoľko chemicky a štrukturálne odlišných molekulárnych fáz. Ďalej boli BDA a TCNQ molekuly skúmané na grafene pripravenom na Ir (1 1 1). Okrem toho sa organo-kovové systémy syntetizovali depozíciou atómov Ni a Fe s molekulami TCNQ a BDA. Záverečná časť tejto práce popisuje povrchovú syntézu grafénových nanoribonov (7-AGNR) na špecicky štrukturovanom substráte Au (16 14 15) z prekurzorových molekúl DBBA. Rekonštrukcia povrchu po raste bola analyzovaná pomocou STM a elektronické vlastnosti 7-AGNRs pomocou ARPES.
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Growth of graphene by thermal decomposition of silicon carbide for applications in biophysics
Hodoš, Matúš ; Kunc, Jan (advisor) ; Čechal, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on growth and characterization of graphene from SiC powder at different conditions. In the introduction graphene properties are briefly described. Afterwards three methods of graphene growth are discussed, with particular emphasis on thermal decomposition of SiC. Further, the characterization methods which were used by us are explained. In experimental part, three sets of graphene samples prepared by thermal decomposition of SiC will be described, each will differ in one of the factors: temperature, time and ambient atmosphere. Growth samples will be subsequently used in an experiment on yeast. The effect of graphene prepared at different conditions on membrane potential will be determined for possible application in biophysics.
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Role of hydrogen during growth of epitaxial graphene on SiC
Sýkora, Petr ; Kunc, Jan (advisor) ; Čechal, Jan (referee)
This work is focused on preparation of graphene by epitaxial growth on silicon face of silicon carbide. In the introduction, the interesting properties of graphene are briefly described, and its possible applications are mentioned. Subsequently, the methods of preparation are discussed with an emphasis on epitaxial growth and the role of hydrogen on the process itself. Further, the possible ways of measuring graphene samples are explained and three of them are analyzed in more detail - Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Hall effect measurement. The experiment itself is focused on the effect of argon-hydrogen atmosphere on the growth of graphene. 1
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