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Prevention of Diabetes Mellitus I. type in childhood
Doudová, Šárka ; Černá, Marie (advisor)
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is among autoimmune disease that primarily affects children and young people. when This disease leads to the destruction of B-cells Pancreatic islets of Langerhans which are responsible for insulin secretion. Its deficiency leads to disturbances metabolism of carbohydrates and other nutrients . The destruction of B- cells occurs gradually and the first clinical symptoms appear only when destruction of a percentage of B- cells of the pancreas . after the outbreak difficulties the patient becomes dependent on exogenous life insulin administration . The incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide and There are significant differences between geographic countries. This suggests that the pathogenesis of the disease have undoubtedly a great influence environmental factors. important role Genetic factors also play a immunological mechanisms. In my work I try to outline the possibilities of prevention as it related prediction type 1 diabetes mellitus . describe primarily genetic , and immunological markers , which can be used to predict genetic risk and to monitor the period before the manifestation of the disease. I mention also the possibilities of primary prevention, which is not currently yet only at the experimental field. Within the secondary Prevention describes...
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Reflective practices in Teaching
Chen, Ye ; Šiška, Jan (advisor) ; Černá, Marie (referee)
The aim of this research is to find out if reflective practices exist in Czech schools and whether teachers arc aware of it. Besides, tcachcrs' opinions on reflection as well as conditions that may influence reflection arc examined. For this purpose, a small-scalc questionnaire-based study is earned out with tcachcrs in mainstream and spécial schools. Mixed-methods approach is adopted to collect data from questionnaire, observation and interview, which is then analysed by means of triangulation. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Assessment of expression markers of HLA class II genes.
Zajacová, Marta ; Černá, Marie (advisor) ; Černý, Jan (referee)
BACKGROUND: HLA molecules play a central role in the immune response. HLA class II are involved in the selection of the T-cell repertoire in the thymus, and in presentation of antigenic peptides to antigen reactive CD4-positive T cells. The HLA class II act as restriction determinants in the presentation of antigens to T lymphocytes and their expression on the cell surface is necessary for triggering the immune responses. Regulated transcription of HLA class II genes is a complex system involving cis-acting sequence elements and trans-acting protein factors. It has been reported that allelic polymorphism exists in the regulatory regions of HLA class II DQA1, DQB1 and DRB1 genes. Most of the polymorphisms appear to be conserved within a haplotype. The hierarchy of sequence homology which exists among the structural genes is not paralleled among their promoter sequences. It is of interest that the most striking discrepancy was found for the DR4 linked alleles, DQB1*0301 and DQB1*0302, which were described as frequent risk factors for a variety of autoimmune diseases. The structural genes of these two alleles are the most closely related, but their regulatory sequences are the most heterogeneous among DQB1 variants. These sequence differences correspond to functional variation: The promoter strength...
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Attitudes of Young Adolescents toward their Peers with Intellectual Disabilities
Kuo, Hui-Wen ; Černá, Marie (advisor) ; Strnadová, Iva (referee)
This study explores the attitudes of young adolescents towards their peers with intellectual disabilities in Prague, Czech Republic. A total of 253 young adolescents participated in this study, with 134 male and 119 female in 7th, 8th, and 9th grade. The attitudes of the young adolescents were surveyed by making use of the attitude questionnaire designed by the researcher. The roles of previous contact, gender and grade were examined. Results indicated that young adolescents were generally positive toward their peers with intellectual disabilities. Young adolescents who had previous contact with people with intellectual disabilities are more positive than those who did not. Female were more positive than male. 9th graders who participated were not more positive than those in 7th graders. Possibilities and suggestions for future researches and education were suggested. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Molecular aspects of calcium-phosphate metabolism in renal complications of diabetes mellitus.
Šimáková, Eva ; Černá, Marie (advisor) ; Zajíčková, Kateřina (referee)
Introduction: This thesis deals with the calcium-phosphate metabolism and its role in the development of chronic diabetic complications. It examines calcium sensitive receptor, which can be crucial in affecting calcium metabolism. Calcium-sensitive receptor may play a role in intracellular signaling and metabolic pathways that lead to cell proliferation and extracellular matrix early diabetic nephropathy. We investigated two polymorphisms of the gene for calcium-sensitive receptor (intron 4 and codon 990). Material and Methods: The study included 313 diabetic patients, 41 patients with type 1 diabetes, 106 patients with type 2 diabetes, 110 diabetic patients with type 2 diabetes who had diabetic nephropathy and 56 patients with renal failure non-diabetic (NDRD). It was also examined 72 non-diabetic patients with chronic renal failure (CKD) and 96 healthy blood donors (ZK). Classification of diagnoses is listed in the theory. DNA was isolated by QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit and salting method. The specific fragments of gene for the CaSR were amplified by PCR. For detection, restriction fragment length polymorphism and TaqMan probes were used. The expression levels of mRNA were determined by real-time PCR. Results: For the codon 990 polymorphism, we found statistical significance of the genotype frequencies (AA,...
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The Influence of Autism on the Siblings of Children with Autism
Schöffelová, Miroslava ; Strnadová, Iva (advisor) ; Černá, Marie (referee)
This work deals with the families of children with disorders of the autistic spectrum, focusing on their siblings. The fírst part outlines the theoretical data concerning this issue. This part principally focuses on the issue of the families of children with autism, how it affects them, and the diffículties that can arise when there is a child with autism in a family. Another topič examined is the presence of other children in the family and the effect a sibling with autism has on them, including the professional or non-professional means of assisting these children or of overcoming any diffículties. The research part presents the results of the investigations. In order to achieve the aims of this thesis the author has used a combination of a quantative and qualitative approach - specifícally interviews with siblings, questionnaire surveys and monitoring. The families involved in the research are first briefly presented, followed the opinions of parents on the theme of the other children in the family, sibling relationships and the associated worries and desires. The main part focuses on a description of the most important aspects affecting the siblings of a child with autism. The finál part then describes the currently available means of helping the siblings of children with autism in the Czech Republic
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Educational and Employment Opportunities for Adolescents and Adults with Mental Disabilities
Kubištová, Tereza ; Šiška, Jan (advisor) ; Černá, Marie (referee)
I dedicated my diploma work called "Perspectives in education and employment of mental disabled people" to rising interest of the whole society in the rights of not only mental disabled people, which is demonstrating in the Czech legislature as well. I come out from international documents about rights of disabled people, some of them were accepted by the Czech Republic. I also mention the main laws about education and employment of disabled people. The text is complemented with three interviews with people involved in this topic and my own experience of personal assistant in supported employment. The main objective of my diploma work is to point out the importace of rights of disabled people, their advancing and applying in common life to let each individual live a good quality and meaningful life at the background of the wider community.
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