National Repository of Grey Literature 247 records found  1 - 10nextend  jump to record: Search took 0.01 seconds. 
State supervision of financial activities
Vondráčková, Pavlína ; Bakeš, Milan (advisor) ; Kohajda, Michael (referee) ; Radvan, Michal (referee)
State supervision of financial activities The topic of this dissertation thesis is the state supervision of financial activities. The topic is really wide, so the author can take into account all of the financial relationships related to this area. This thesis focused on theoretical issues, on the legal relationships in this area, and specifically on the selected areas, in which was a drafted question later on in detail analyzed. In the theoretical area are considered terms such as regulation, supervision and control. The aim was to define these concepts theoretically, to chart their frequency and semantic nature in the area of financial activities. The aim of this thesis was also to investigate, whether it is possible to set out the terms that are used both in everyday and in professional life in an identical meaning, and define specifically for the area of financial law. It has been found that it is very difficult, if not impossible task, as any definition cannot cover the diversity, frequency and a steady increase in the financial legal relations. Higher attention is paid to external control exercised by the Supreme Audit Office. This issue is consider to be very important, but it is underappreciated and very sporadically also published, which is inconvenient and inadequate to the importance of...
Tax aspects of trust funds
Berr, Jan ; Vybíral, Roman (advisor) ; Vondráčková, Pavlína (referee)
Tax aspects of trust funds Abstract Since 2014 the Czech legislation allows establishment of trust funds, through which assets from the ownership of the founder or another person can be set aside for private or public benefit purposes. Such property becomes property without an owner, and is subject to the disposition of the trustee. Trust funds have become more popular especially in the last four years and therefore the tax implications are also gaining importance. It is no longer a fashionable topic, but a topic with practical use. The diploma thesis is focused on the tax aspects of domestic trust funds with a description of individual topics related to domestic taxes in this context. At the same time, here are also described the tax topics dealt with in the past by the professional public here, especially during the first years of the implementation of the trust fund institute into the domestic legislation. The diploma thesis is divided into four main parts. The first part provides a basic analysis of amount of trust funds established from 2014 to August 2022, as well as general legal topics related to the trust fund (establishment, operation, termination), the related duties of the trustee and others, such as the registration of trust funds and registry of beneficiaries. The second, third and fourth part...
Personal income tax (comparison of the legislation in the Czech Republic and in the selected member states of the European Union)
Hejduk, Marek ; Novotný, Petr (advisor) ; Vondráčková, Pavlína (referee)
Personal income tax (comparison of the legislation in the Czech Republic and in the selected member states of the European Union) This thesis focuses on the legal regulation of personal income tax in the Czech Republic and in selected states of the European Union (EU). The aim of the thesis is to provide a comprehensive overview of the income tax imposed on taxpayers primarily individuals. The purpose is especially to identify the essential and characteristic attributes of this tax and to give a comprehensive overview of its legal regulation. Furthermore, it will describe the legal regulation of income tax imposed on individuals in selected member states of the EU with the intention to identify features either equivalent or dissimilar. One of the objectives of this thesis is also to elucidate the problematic aspects in attempts to the alignment of direct taxes at the international level. This thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter defines the concept of taxes in general and explains the objective, function, and classification including a description of the main attributes of various taxes in the tax system. The second chapter focuses on the legal regulation of personal income tax in the Czech Republic according to different types of sources of law. The third chapter explains...
Position of offshore companies in financial law
Zaripov, Sergey ; Vondráčková, Pavlína (advisor) ; Novotný, Petr (referee)
Role of Offshore Companies in Financial Law - Abstract The aim of the thesis is to focus on the issue of the offshore companies which play an important role in international financial law, especially with regard to today's globalization. The thesis is systematically divided, while the introductory chapters deal with the definition of offshore and on-shore companies. It also provides the types of offshore companies and their most common uses along with the reasons for operating in offshore areas. The fourth and fifth chapters deal with the issue of double taxation treaties, including the methods contained therein, together with an analysis of the Multilateral Convention for the Suppression of Tax Cuts and Profits Shifting, abbreviated to MLI, and international tax planning which is one of the motives for company formation in offshore areas. The sixth chapter and the following chapters seek to define the concept of resident and non-resident companies, including the difference in the establishment of the company in the Czech Republic and in the territory of Guernsey together with the possibility of cooperation of two or more entities in the offshore territory within the so-called partnerships. Given the fact that part of the thesis deals with the impact of offshore companies on the global and domestic economy,...
Issues of Transfer Pricing
Novotný, Martin ; Novotný, Petr (advisor) ; Vondráčková, Pavlína (referee)
ISSUE OF TRANSFER PRICING Transfer pricing has become, as far as the tax environment is concerned, one of the most important topics in tax planning, both internationally and in the Czech Republic. At the current time, when associated enterprises are using the latest technologies, which help them with their business activities and assist them with the creation of complicated tax structures, often providing them with the most advantageous taxation for the purpose of achieving the highest possible profit, they are facing very well-equipped government revenue services, which have the aim of setting up the most precise control systems, so that profits are not shifted from one country to another. When using technology, it is materially simpler for taxpayers to plan multinational transactions and communicate in their internal communication systems, but on the other hand information technology has substantially helped individual revenue services with the exchange of experience, information and procedures. Revenue services can communicate very well with each other and exchange experience and information, particular in the European Union. For revenue services it is an absolute priority to have a system adequately set up to determine the transfer pricing rules, based on the arm's length principle. In the...
International double taxation
Körbl, Hugo ; Novotný, Petr (advisor) ; Vondráčková, Pavlína (referee)
práce v anglickém jazyce International double taxation International taxation is a very large topic. It is possible to write hundreds of pages about this subject but there will still be many problems which will be waiting for their solution. This theme is also very interesting and in this time very actual. I am sure that importance of international taxation will be highly raising in the future. This is caused by high intensity of the mobility of people and corporations, capital, services, and property but on on the other side it is caused also by still higher and higher number of tax evasions. The states are then forced to make a larger effort in cooperation between them and also to try to prevent the tax evasions. Double taxation agreements should be considered as a good solution for prevention of tax evasions and also mainly only these treaties can assure fair distribution of paid taxes between the states. It wasn't possible to make comprehensive analysis of this large subject in this relatively short thesis. So I decided to focus only on some issues of international double taxation. I was trying to choose issues which make often problems in application or issues which I am considering as very interesting. Sometimes the work on my thesis was not easy because of high number of different opinions....
Taxation of income of business companies and their members (comparison of legal regulation in the Czech Republic and Slovakia)
Důjková, Zuzana ; Novotný, Petr (advisor) ; Vondráčková, Pavlína (referee)
75 Resumé v anglickém jazyce a klíčová slova Taxation of income of business companies and their members (comparison of legal regulation in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic) My diploma thesis called "Taxation of income of business companies and their members (comparison of legal regulation in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic)" focuses mainly on the differences between legal regulation of system of income taxation in the Czech and Slovak Republic. Whereas a business company could be considered solely a legal entity, a member of a business company could be an individual as well. Therefore both areas of income taxation - personal and corporate income tax - are included into the comparison in this diploma thesis. After the introduction the thesis is divided into seven chapters. The first one describes the most important characteristics of particular business companies as they are stipulated in Act No. 513/1991 Coll., Commercial Code, as amended. I have introduced the key features of the most known legal forms of business companies - general partnership, limited partnership, limited liability company and joint stock company. The legal regulation of these types of business companies is similar in the Czech and Slovak Republic. The second chapter deals with legal regulation of both personal and...
Taxation of income of business companies and their members (comparison of legal regulation in the Czech Republic and selected EU countries)
Nováková, Karolina ; Novotný, Petr (advisor) ; Vondráčková, Pavlína (referee)
1 Summary The topic of this diploma thesis is taxation of companies' income. The aim of the thesis is to describe and introduce question following from the application of income tax act to the companies. The accent is put on the taxation of dividends. Taxation of companies' income plays a vital role in decision making process of domestic as well as foreign investors where to invest their finances. The thesis is focused on the analysis of Czech tax legislation made through a comparison with the Slovak basic tax legislation. The first chapter deals with the delimitation of core concepts related to the taxation of incomes. It focuses on the income tax act, aspect of natural person's taxation and artificial person's taxation. The second chapter is concerned of characteristic related to taxation of personal companies and stock corporations. The third chapter presents basic terms of dividend's taxation on the domestic as well as on the international level such as the core concept of dividend or tax domicile. The fourth chapter examine the European tax legislation and harmonization of tax legislation within the European Union. The fifth chapter illustrates taxation of domestic payment of dividends and its characteristics related to the natural and artificial person as recipients of dividends. The sixth chapter...
Novel protease in the reduced mitochondria of Giardia intestinalis.
Vondráčková, Pavlína ; Doležal, Pavel (advisor) ; Hrdý, Ivan (referee)
The proteom of Giardia mitosomes is represented by twenty proteins, which are imported from the cytoplasm, as mitochondrial genome is missing. The N-terminal sequences, which target proteins to mitosomes are removed upon translocation and the remaining protein is folded into its native comformation. Out of three types of mitochondrial processing peptidases only functional half of dominant matrix peptidase is present in the mitosomes of G. intestinalis - feature unique among all eukaryotes. Based on the proteomic analyses, we identified novel putative mitochondrial peptidase (peptidase X) in G. intestinalis mitosomes. Overexpressing the protein with hemagglutinin tag we confirmed its mitosomal localization. Using specific polyclonal antibody combined with carbonate extraction and protease protection assay we have specified the distribution of the protein in the mitosomal subcompartments. Based on these results, peptidase X is anchored in the inner mitosomal mambrane via its C-terminus facing the mitosomal matrix. Peptidase X has mitochondrial targeting sekvence on the N-terminus, which is also capable of targeting protein into yeast mitochondria. By using bioinformatic tools, we are trying to detect structural similarities of peptidase X to other proteins in order to identify its substrate specifity and thus...

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