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Prosecution of property crimes in Czechoslovakia 1948-1990
Rohr, Karel ; Soukup, Ladislav (advisor) ; Šouša, Jiří (referee) ; Vojáček, Ladislav (referee)
This thesis examines the different criminal law protection of property according to dif- ferent types of ownership in Czechoslovakia between 1948 and 1989. At the same time, the object of interest was also a closer understanding of the judicial practice of punishing attacks against the type of property that enjoyed increased legal protection provided by the means of criminal law at that time. In that period, property in socialist ownership enjoyed greater legal protection than pri- vate and personal property. Private and personal property belonged to specific natural persons, as a rule, it originated mainly from their work activities, or inheritance, donation, etc., and served mostly to satisfy the personal, life and family needs of the owners. Property in socialist ownership was most often the property of state and cooperative organisations (agricultural and manufacturing), nationalised and national enterprises, trade union movements, etc. Virtu- ally all property that served the functioning of industry or was of importance from the point of view of the economy and national economy was socialist property. An important part of the research was a description of the development of the legal framework, which changed over time, most substantially in 1950 and 1961, according to two criminal laws,...
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Development of Czech water law and legal relations related to water
Urban, Michael ; Kindl, Vladimír (advisor) ; Šouša, Jiří (referee) ; Vojáček, Ladislav (referee)
Development of Czech water law and legal relations related to water Abstract This dissertation thesis deals with the development of the legal regulation of water law and legal relations related to water in the Czech Republic. It provides an interpretation of the issue from the beginnings of the Czech state to the present. The thesis is divided into sixteen chronological chapters focusing on individual periods of development of this issue. The individual chapters are divided into sub-chapters dealing with sub-fields of water law and legal relations related to water. The first four chapters provide a theoretical introduction and a common basis for the other chapters. The first chapter contains an analysis of the concept of water law and the systematics of water law. The second chapter provides an outline of the development of water law in antiquity as an illumination of the earliest roots of water law. The third chapter discusses the foundations and structure of Roman water law as the methodological basis of the field of water law. The fourth chapter deals with the basic features of the development of water law in the territory of states neighbouring the Czech Republic. Chapters 5-15 form the core of the thesis and deal with individual periods of development of Czech water law and legal relations related to...
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Legal-Historical Aspects of Punishment of Nazi Criminals on the Background of the Adolf Eichmann Trial
Kohout, David ; Seltenreich, Radim (advisor) ; Vojáček, Ladislav (referee) ; Horák, Záboj (referee)
in English Dissertation Thesis David Kohout: Legal-Historical Aspects of Punishment of Nazi Criminals on the Background of the Adolf Eichmann Trial This Dissertation on the topic of "Legal-Historical Aspects of Punishment of Nazi Criminals on the Background of the Adolf Eichmann Trial" seeks to analyze the main approaches to the prosecution and punishment of the Nazi crimes. It was chosen to use the trial of Adolf Eichmann in Jerusalem in years 1961 - 1962 as a connecting thread of this whole work. It was so not only due to the individual remarkableness of the trial but also due to the fact that it was in many ways a very illustrative for the previous legal development until that time. Additionally, many commentators of this trial attribute it a great impact on the renewal of the interest in the prosecution of former Nazis who were implicated in perpetration of crimes committed until 1945 and who remained at large after the end of war. Therefore this Thesis goes beyond the Eichmann trial and focuses on its broader context in material but also personal sense (in the text it often referred to cases of prosecution of close collaborators of Adolf Eichmann). In the opening chapters this Dissertation, however, starts with events that go far back in time before the Adolf Eichmann trial. This is for the...
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Trials of Nazi Criminals in the Occupation Zones and their Influence on Czechoslovak Retribution
Beránek, Jan ; Seltenreich, Radim (advisor) ; Šouša, Jiří (referee) ; Vojáček, Ladislav (referee)
Trials of Nazi Criminals in the Occupation Zones and their Influence on Czechoslovak Retribution - Abstract and Key Words The theme of the presented dissertation thesis is the phenomenon of the so-called Zone trials, ie the trials of Nazi criminals, which took place just after the end of the World War II in the territory of the individual occupation zones of divided Germany in the exclusive (possibly shared) jurisdiction of one of the four occupying powers (France, the Soviet Union, the United States of America and the United Kingdom). The first goal of this thesis is to analyze the trial programs implemented in each of the occupation zones and on the basis of these partial analyzes to obtain a generalized characteristics of each of the programs. The second goal is to compare each of the individual Zone trial programs. The third goal is to answer the question of whether and, if so, to what extent, the Zone programs of trials of Nazi criminals and Retribution trial programs implemented in the territory of Czechoslovakia were mutually influenced. The first chapter discusses the historical basis of trials against persons suspected of committing war crimes and other crimes under the international law, as well as the theoretical background and circumstances that led to the emergence of trial programs in the...
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Legal biennal and the activity of political comittee in 1948-1950
Frantalová, Anna ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Rákosník, Jakub (referee) ; Vojáček, Ladislav (referee)
Legal biennal and the activity of political comittee in 1928-1950 The dissertation deals with the activities and composition of the Political Commission of the Ministry of Justice and its role in the recodification work during the so-called legal biennial, ie in the period 1948-1950. During this period, new legislation was created in all major branches of the law and resulted in a complete reconstruction of Czechoslovak law. The aim of the present work is to study and approach the work of the political commission in the course of the recodification work, including its insertion into the deeper context of the re-codification in the Czechoslovak Republic, and to demonstrate that the political commission has in fact and fundamentally influenced the final form of these legal regulations. Given that the concepts of codecs elaborated in the preceding period became the basis for the recodification work during the legal biennial period, the first part of the dissertation is devoted to these previous attempts to recodify the main branches of law in the 1920s and 1930s and their outcomes in the form of curricula of the individual codes. In the next part the attention is paid to the legal two-year legal. In the first place, the author discusses in general its legal anchoring and publication, as well as the...
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Court execution of immovable assets in the Czech in the age of 1918 - 1963
Ťoukálek, Josef ; Soukup, Ladislav (advisor) ; Winterová, Alena (referee) ; Vojáček, Ladislav (referee)
Court execution of immovable assets in the Czech in the age of 1918 - 1963 Abstract: The work deals mainly with executory proceedings and distrainments in the period of the First Czechoclovakian Republic and after the year 1950. It introduces procedural rules concerning exekutory proceedings in the 1890s which were juridical regulations of a big and detailed extent and which were accepted into the legal code of the First Czechoslovakian Republic and procedural rules issued after 1950 which already didn't know a whole range of exekutory institutes of the previous age. On the other hand, these laws introduced a number of new institutes of enforcement, such as an incidental dispute, debating the debtor's objections directly in the enforcement proceedings. In 1955, a new form of wage enforcement was introduced to enforce maintenance for minor children when the seizure of part of the wage obliged not only the original payer but also all the following to which the debtor eventually went. The work is also patterned on the period legal decisions of individual courts of the First Czechoslovakian Republic, particularly of the Supreme Court. The applications of these decisions are illustrated by real sample cases. Individual entities (creditors, debtors, the third entities, law courts) within the exekutory proceedings...
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Retribution Judiciary of Extraordinary People's Courts in the Central Bohemia
Němečková, Daniela ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Kindl, Vladimír (referee) ; Vojáček, Ladislav (referee)
Retribution Judiciary of Extraordinary People's Courts in the Central Bohemia Goal of this Dissertation is to complement up-to-date literature resources about Retribution with a statistical analysis of two Extraordinary People's Courts in Mladá Boleslav and Kutná Hora, to answer defined research questions, and to develop a novel methodology for assembling name lists of charged individuals, which can serve in the future as a supporting tool for an easier formation of new name lists coming from other Extraordinary People's Courts. Another goal was to determine an influence of a so-called layman element on the court's decisions. Files in eponymous collections deposited in Regional Archive in Prague served as a main source of data. A brief probe into Extraordinary People's Court in Prague is also included in this work. Studies of the files showed that 487 men and 124 women were charged by the Extraordinary People's Court in Mladá Boleslav. Therefore, one fifth of charged individuals were women. Statistical analysis also showed that an average woman had a bigger chance of being acquitted; men were judged more strictly. This Court prosecuted mainly people of Czech nationality. Nationality also had an influence on a length of a sentence, which was almost double among Germans. Whistle-blowing was the most...
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Legal development of the state finance and treasury in Czechoslovakia during the years 1918 - 1945
Pejskarová, Adéla ; Kuklík, Jan (advisor) ; Soukup, Ladislav (referee) ; Vojáček, Ladislav (referee)
The aim of my thesis is a detailed analysis of the state finances and treasury in Czechoslovakia during the years 1918 - 1945. If we look at the structure of my thesis, the exordium of my thesis is focused on the general concept of the state finances and after that because the state finances consist of several parts, the chapters are devoted to legal development of these several parts of state finances during the years 1918 - 1938. I mean the area of state budgets, taxes and fees, currency and monetary reform, the formation and activities of the bank of issue, as well as the banking and treasury. The legal development of these individual areas is closed with the chapter devoted to the economic crisis (during the years 1929/30 - 1934), the ways and means of its solution and with next period in history of our state, i.e. the period of rearmament. The second part of my thesis is devoted not only to the common development of all areas of state finances during the Nazi occupation of Czechia, but also to comparison this development with the development of the state finances in Slovak State. The end of my thesis is focused on the development of the state finances after the year 1945 and the monetary reform in 1953 as a comparison to the development in the previous periods. In my thesis I deal not only with the...
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Organization of judiciary in Austria in the second half of the 19th century
Šalak, Boris ; Malý, Karel (advisor) ; Kindl, Vladimír (referee) ; Vojáček, Ladislav (referee)
The organization of judiciary in Austria in the second half of the 19th century The main aim of this thesis is a description of the organization of the judiciary in Austria (Cisleithania) in the second half of the 19th century and its position in the broader European context. The revolution of 1848 dramatically affected the organization of the judiciary. In 1850 in some territories of the monarchy a new system of ordinary courts was activated which replaced the old system of pre-March. The new system was fully put under state control and separated from the administration at all levels. Despite the fact that this new structure was notably changed in the next half-century, the basic principles of the organization (with certain exception of the years 1855 to 1867) have not changed much. Other milestones in the development are the years 1854/1855 (the so-called Bach reorganization of the judiciary), the years 1867/1868 (the adoption of the December Constitution and application of certain principles contained therein), the years 1873/1874 (the adoption of the new Criminal Procedure Code and the beginning of its efficiency) and finally the years 1895-1898, when the reform of civil procedure and judicial organization took place. Austrian judicial system in the form it had assumed at the beginning of the last...
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