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Risk factors of atherogenesis and comparsion of nutritious habits of czech and german patients with manifestation of atherosclerosis
Mariánusová, Denisa ; Tuka, Vladimír (advisor) ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (referee)
Kardiovaskulární onemocnění představují ve vyspělých zemích navzdory neustále se zlepšující úrovni lékařské péče a časnějšímu záchytu aterosklerotického postižení cév stále nejčastější příčinu mortality. Obsahem teoretické části této práce je aterosklerotického procesu a rozbor nejvýznamnějších rizikových faktorů. Dále jsou zde popsány projevy manifestovaných forem aterosklerózy a značná část práce je také zaměřena na nutriční prevenci. Praktická část práce si dává za cíl zjišťovat stravovací návyky a přítomnost významných rizikových faktorů aterosklerózy u českých a německých pacientů manifestovanou určitou formou aterosklerózy. Dále se porovnávají rozdíly ve stravovacích návycích mezi těmito dvěma skupinami pacientů. Do výzkumu bylo zařazeno celkem 52 pacientů, 32 německých a 20 českých. Jednalo se o pacienty po prodělaném infarktu myokardu, cévní mozkové příhodě, dále pacienty diagnózou anginy pectoris, ischemické choroby dolních končetin a s ní aorty nebo po operaci tohoto aneuryzmatu. Sběr dat se prováděl kvantitativní Výzkum potvrdil přítomnost minimálně tří hlavních rizikových faktorů aterosklerózy až u 80 % pacientů. Nejčastější u sledovaných pacientů byl výskyt infarktu myokardu (44 %), následovaný ischemickými chorobami dolních končetin (27 %). Při porovnávání stravovacích návyků českých a...
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Changes in locomotor apparatus due to an injury with permanent consequences
Jiráčková, Jana ; Hošková, Blanka (advisor) ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (referee)
Title: Changes in the locomotor apparatus due to an injury with permanent consequences Objectives: The aime of the diploma thesis is to define changes in motor system of chosen persons after injury using classic methods often used in physiotherapy. In addition, it presents some of the options of therapy and self-therapy, education and reeducation in the area of the client's behavior towards his health. Methods: This diploma thesis is formed with use of qualitative research. It is a pilot study focused on five persons with permanent consequences in motor system. The content of examination is an anamnesis, an ori- entational static examination, an examination of shortened muscles, en examination of muscle strenght, an evaluation of posture and body distances. All above were meassured every 3 - 4 months, when the changes in body posture due to premanent consequences are ob- served. Results: All data are processed using tables and graphs. Results has shown an improvement in all clients in different degree. Improvement in postu- re and activation of coremuscles. Excercises also improved stere- otype in breathing. Study has also shown importance of clienťs active cooperation to achieve the best results. Keywords: Locomotor apparatus, injury, permanent consequences, physical activities, hypoactivity, type...
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Evaluation nutrition of representative and recreational endurance runners
Jančová, Jana ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Martinča, Jozef (referee)
This bachelor thesis focused on the comparison nutrition of representative and recreational endurance runners. First part is theoretical. It deals with general concepts which are very important for understanding entire work. From general concepts it goes to specific sport nutrition focused on endurance. Practical part evaluates results, which were obtained from respondents. This is an analysis of four-day diet in two groups of people, followed by comparison and evaluation. Respondents from first group are representative endurace runners. Diets of respondents, which compete at high level in endurance sports,specially orienteering, are compared with group of recreational runners. Main objective of this work was to find out whether eating habits of representative endurance runners and recreational runners are different, if so, to what measure. Key words: run, endurance, performance, sport nutrition, diet
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Superfoods - why choose them in nutrition?
Dominik, Michal ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Pejšová, Hana (referee)
This thesis summarize information about Salvia hispanica, known as Chia and Lycium barbarum/chinense, known as Goji, which are plants that provide seeds and fruits used as superfoods. The theoretical part of the thesis is divided into a general description, content substances, health effects, history of use of these plants and an overview of studies with their use. Studies are focused on the study of antioxidant effects, anti-cancer effects, the influence of use superfoods on metabolism and diseases, and studies on the use of these superfoods in common foods. The practical part of the thesis focused on knowledge into superfoods among the population and the rate of their use. The results show that knowledge about superfoods, including chia and Goji, is good, as well as the use of superfoods in the population. Chia and Goji are currently the most widely used superfoods. Less than a third of respondents observe the positive effects of using superfoods. This thesis presents information to potential consumers why they should include superfoods in the diet.
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Monitoring of carbohydrate income in sportsmen's diet
Pourová, Veronika ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Petráková Doležalová, Radka (referee)
The topic of my master thesis is monitoring of carbohydrate intake in sportsmen's diet. In the thesis, intake of carbohydrates as well as other macronutrients is monitored in order to evaluate, if athletes prefer other energy sources to carbohydrates and if their total energy intake is sufficient. If athletes prefer easily digestible carbohydrates or if they follow recommendation for healthy diet and increase their intake of whole foods, legumes, fruits and vegetables can be evaluated by monitoring fiber and sugar intake. All the monitored data are compared with non-athletes in order to see, in which field their diets vary. In the theoretical part, principles of sports nutrition are defined, basics of population recommendations are mentioned and methods of nutritional assessment and energy expenditure estimation are explained. In the practical part, five-day food-diaries of athletes and non-athletes are evaluated by NutriPro Expert software. Five-day physical activity diaries recorded during the same days are evaluated by using the Compendium of Physical Activities. All the studied values (energy intake, energy expenditure, carbohydrate, fat, protein, sugar, fiber and alcohol intake) were compared to recommended values for athletes and non- athletes and further compared among these two groups. The...
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Nutritional assessment of extraleague handball players
Laštovička, Petr ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Matějů, Jarmila (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on nutritional assessment of extraleague handball players. The aim is to describe the importance of nutrition in sport and compare groups of professional athletes with amateurs. The thesis is divided into 2 parts. The theoretical part deals mainly with the importance of individual nutrients, the drinking regime, handball physiology and related energy metabolism. The practical part evaluates the results of the questionnaire and the four-day nutritional intake. The research team consisted of 20 extraleague handball players and 15 unprofessional athletes from the age of 18 to 29. The evaluation of the nutritional intake indicated insufficient energy intake, mainly in the form of carbohydrates. Differences were also found between two groups, when extraleague handball players compensate insufficient intake of carbohydrate by increased protein consumption, but unprofessional athletes have increased fat intake. Excessive intake of proteins and fats of animal origin was detected, which is also due to the fact that 85 % of the extraleague handball players did never consult their nutritional intake with a nutritionist. Key words: sports nutrition, handball, nutritional intake, energy intake, drinking regime
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The effectiveness of dietary supplements for athletes
Papanikolaou, Stefan ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Tuka, Vladimír (referee)
This thesis is dealing with supplements specifically the ones for athletes. To make the selection as useful as possible, I basically chose the supplements according to the sales in sport centers. On these foundations, I made the decision which supplements to research. The next step was to find out the real efficiency of these supplements and if the dosage is set properly. To do so I went through existing science papers, meta-analysis when available, and I made a conclusion. The aim of the conclusion was to say if each of the supplements is useful and for whom. Most of the supplements shown to be beneficial, though some of them needed correction in labeling. Concretely the advertised effects and the dosage needed to be refined. But some of the supplements shown as unadvisable at all. An often issue was that the supplements are useful only for specific use - for specific athletes, or under specific conditions. This was not clearly stated by the producers. And so, some of the supplements will not be beneficial in ways athletes may expect. This thesis is more of a review essay, but in the end, there is a simple tutorial. keywords: active ingredients, sport, sport performance, sport supplements, supplements
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Eating Disorders in Sport
Houbová, Eliška ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Martinča, Jozef (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with eating disorders related to sport. The thesis is divided into two parts. The main task of the theoretical part is to describe the individual eating disorders, the causes of the disease and its health complications. In addition, this section discusses specific athletic requirements for nutrition, safe weight loss and treatment of eating disorders. The practical part of this work includes quantitative research in the form of a questionnaire survey conducted among sporting girls and women in different age categories. It deals primarily with nutritional status, weight loss in athletes and the reason why they decided on the diet. Data collection results are evaluated using tables and graphs. The results show that 90 % of female and female girls have sometimes been restricted in eating, which was mostly their decision. A total of 63% did not have enough information about the reductive diet, so they acted on their own discretion.
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Sleep apnea of obese people
Kročová, Radka ; Tuka, Vladimír (advisor) ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (referee)
The most important cause of obstructive sleep apnea is obesity leading to excessive fat storage in the soft palate, tongue and oropharyngeal area. This condition results in the collapsibility of the airways, resulting in suspension of breathing (= apnea). The main task of this work in its theoretical section is to describe the relationship between obesity and breathing disorders. The purpose of the practical part is to show the characteristic symptoms of sleep apnea syndrome, to determine eating habits and learn about the lifestyle of patients who are diagnosed with sleep apnea syndrome. To obtain the data for this work a quantitative method of research was used in form of written guided interviews. The questionnaire was completed by 20 respondents. The results showed that all respondents face typical symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea. It was also obvious that all participants in the survey suffer from higher degree of obesity. Even though the result is not supported by the facts relating to the consumption of various food commodities, body mass index clearly shows obesity. Because of irrelevant results based on answers regarding the consumption of individual food elements, proper patient education is crucial. Keywords: respiratory disorders, obesity, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, eating...
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Assessment of the Resting Energy Expenditure in Obese Individuals
Sadílková, Aneta ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Vilikus, Zdeněk (referee)
Introduction: Weight loss programs are based on inducing a negative energy balance by decreasing energy intake while increasing energy expenditure. Energy needs of obese patients are difficult to determine. The value of resting energy expenditure, as the largest component of the energy needs, is usually calculated to asses an adequate energy intake for obese patient. In clinical practice, predictive equations are most commonly used for this purpose, because of their simplicity, although many clinical studies have shown that in obese individuals they may generate errors large enough to impact the outcome of treatment. It leads to the prescription of an inadequate diet that does not meet the criterion of long-term sustainability. Objective: The aim of the thesis is to compare the values of resting energy expenditure (REE) measured by indirect calorimetry with values calculated with Harris-Benedict predictive equation in a selected group of obese individuals. Methods: The sample includes 38 subjects, 28 women and 10 men, patients of the General University Hospital in Prague. The average age is 48 ± 11,71 years, the mean BMI is 42,88 ± 9,09 kg/m2 . For each subject, resting energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry and calculated by the Harris-Benedict predictive equation. Indirect...
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