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Conservation procedure for the protection and treatment of chromolithographic prints on paper refined by coating
Chadimová, Martina ; Vlčková, Lucie ; Franc, Jan ; Vávrová, Petra ; Ruml Fortelná, Irena ; Kubíčková, Markéta
In conservation and restoration practice, the issue of chromolithographic prints on refined paper is a non-trivial area to which systematic attention has not yet been paid. The absence of reference sources and case studies on this subject results from the fact that these objects – artifacts and documents – have not been preserved in great numbers in collecting and memorial institutions, and not much importance has been attributed to them within such collections. The rarity of the preservation of valuable chromolithographs in collecting institutions is complicated by their often problematic condition and the frequent damage resulting from the specifics of the chromolithographic process. Although after continuous improvement it was possible to print on almost anything, the most valuable picture posters were printed almost exclusively on “refined” paper. The “refined” coating on this paper, characteristic of chromolithography, as well as the final, transparent “lacquer” layer, cause many problems in terms of restoration, and many physical and chemical risks arise from the layering and interaction of the materials used. The established conservation and restoration procedures in the common practice of collecting institutions have not yet taken into account these very specific issues. The conservation procedure itself involves both theoretical and practical aspects. The section dealing with theoretical aspects summarizes the knowledge necessary to determine how to design conservation and restoration interventions and what constitutes the proper care of chromolithographic prints on refined paper. The introductory section provides many tools for the identification of such prints, including an historical excursion into printing technology and the production of refined coated paper. Rich pictorial documentation serves as a visual aid for recognizing the basic (most common) types of chromolithographs and for identifying paper types based on the damage incurred. The theoretical aspects deal in more detail with the process of refining paper by coating it, with regard to the chemical composition of the substances used, and provides an overview of such binders and pigments. An overview of the factors influencing the degradation of paper is summarized in a separate text dealing with external degradation factors (humidity, temperature, light) and internal ones (hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond, oxidation and photochemical reactions of cellulose, oxidation and photooxidation of hemicelluloses, photolysis and the photooxidation of lignin). The theoretical starting points for the conservation procedures in practice therefore explain the operation of the methods applied in the procedure. The focus is on the preservation of prints containing acidic materials, i.e., on de-acidification methods, such as in situ de-acidification in vacuum packages, the Papersave Swiss technology, and the MMMK method. The optimal variants of the conservation procedures for chromolithographic prints on refined paper are presented in a practical methodological manual based on theoretical analysis of the issue. The first practical step is the macroscopic and microscopic analysis of the physical condition of the examined print and production of a digital record. The output of that procedure is the identification of the material and a thorough assessment of the recorded types of damage, as well as the stage of degradation. As a useful practical guide, a categorization of types of damage according to the conservation procedure they require has been prepared. The record of these facts is the starting point for each conservation protocol and yields supporting information for the choice of a subsequent conservation procedure. The proposed conservation procedures include pH measurement and the subsequent adjustment, gluing and follow-up care. The procedure concludes with a proposal for optimal storage.
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The role of ORMDL3 in the IgE receptor signaling
Vávrová, Petra ; Bugajev, Viktor (advisor) ; Černý, Jan (referee)
ORMDL proteins are regulators of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) enzyme, which catalyzes the first step of sphingolipid biosynthesis. Human and murine ORMDL family consists of three members, ORMDL1, ORMDL2 and ORMDL3. Human and murine ORMDLs exhibit high similarity between their amino acid sequences. ORMDL3 expression has been linked to several diseases, such as childhood-onset asthma, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and primary biliary cirrhosis. High expression of ORMDL3 has been found in macrophages, T cells, eosinophils, epithelial cells and mast cells. ORMDL3 is a negative regulator of the high affinity IgE receptor I (FcɛRI)-mediated signaling in mast cells. Mast cells have an important role in the acute phase of allergic reactions and are involved in eradication of multicellular parasites. In the first part of this thesis we determined the expression of ORMDL family in peritoneal- derived mast cells (PDMCs) from Ormdl3 knock out (KO) and wild type (WT) mice. Next we determined the roles of ORMD3 in FcɛRI-mediated signaling in these PDMCs. Furthermore, we analyzed the relationship between expression of ORMDL family and SPT complex in bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) and bone marrow-derived mast cell line (BMMCL). We transduced BMMCL with vector coding SPTLC1...
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Restoration of modern bookbindings with textile coverage from the holdings of public libraries
Vávrová, Petra ; Kašťáková, Tereza ; Hřebecká, Dana ; Boumová, Kristýna ; Neoralová, Jitka ; Sazamová, Tereza ; Mračková, Lucie ; Součková, Magda
Památkový postup se zabývá restaurováním novodobých knižních vazeb (tedy v NK ČR knih vyrobených po roce 1800) s textilním potahem z fondů veřejných knihoven. Množství knihovních jednotek v novodobých fondech významně přesahuje fondy obsahující historické knihy, proto je nezbytné přistupovat k restaurátorským zásahům u novodobých knih odlišně. Restaurátorský zásah na poškozené knize je veden s ohledem na úsporu času i prostředků, ale zároveň je kladen veliký důraz na funkčnost knihy po restaurátorském zásahu.
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Repairs of plastic bookbindings of modern library collections - conservation of modern bookbindings with plastic elements, cleaning of bookbindings made in PVC, and preventive conservation
Vávrová, Petra ; Neoralová, Jitka ; Boumová, Kristýna ; Součková, Magda ; Mračková, Lucie ; Hřebecká, Dana ; Kašťáková, Tereza ; Sazamová, Tereza
Památkový postup otevírá dosud nové a neřešené téma uchování a péče o syntetické materiály v knižní vazbě. Během systematického průzkumu fyzického stavu fondů, zaměřeném na syntetické potahy knih, byla nejčastější poškození nebo vizuální změny na obálkách z měkčeného PVC. Z tohoto důvodu je památkový postup zaměřen právě na problematické PVC obálky. Památkový postup zahrnuje všechny etapy od průzkumu knihovního dokumentu, zhodnocení stavu, ošetření a podmínky uložení.
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Interaction of hepatitis B virus proteins with mechanisms of innate immunity
Vávrová, Petra ; Hirsch, Ivan (advisor) ; Horníková, Lenka (referee)
Specific aim of this bibliographic research is to elucidate interaction of hepatitis B virus proteins with mechanisms of the innate immunity. The work will specially analyze the role of viral proteins before and after their transport from the infected cell. Because of the central role of cccDNA for virus persistence in human organism, the work will study the effects of restriction factors on its possible destruction and eradication. The research will be focused on the effect of viral proteins during acute, chronic and occult infection.
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Preventivní péče, uložení, instalace a ochrana historického fotografického materiálu v různých typech paměťových institucí
Bezděk, Ladislav ; Borýsková, Štěpánka ; Cikrytová, Tereza ; Hozák, Jan ; Hocková, Monika ; Kopecká, Ivana ; Medříková, Petra ; Vávrová, Petra ; Štanzel, Tomáš (editor)
The aim of this methodology is to provide specific instructions on how to handle historical photographic material in smaller multimedia collections and archives. The instructions given in the individual chapters of the Methodology on how to protect and store historical photographic material should provide the staff of these institutions with accessible and feasible solutions in their case.
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