National Repository of Grey Literature 148 records found  1 - 10nextend  jump to record: Search took 0.00 seconds. 
Influence of cholesterol concentration on permeability and microstructure of model skin barrier lipid membranes
Červená, Martina ; Vávrová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Zbytovská, Jarmila (referee)
Cholesterol is a substance of a steroidal nature that has a number of functions in the human body. One of them is also an irreplaceable role in the proper functioning of the skin barrier. Cholesterol is an integral part of the lipid matrix, together with ceramides and free fatty acids in an equimolar ratio (1: 1: 1), and 5% cholesterol sulfate, which fills the intercellular space between stratum corneum cells and is responsible for the barrier properties of the skin. Cholesterol is therefore necessary for epidermal homeostasis, but its role in SC permeability is unknown. The aim of this work was to study the influence of cholesterol concentration on the permeability and microstructure of model lipid membranes of the skin barrier. Eight sets of model membranes with decreasing cholesterol concentrations (100%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 40%, 20%, 0%) and cholesterol alone were studied for which permeability and microstructure were monitored.The study of permeability of membranes was carried out in the Franz diffusion cells by measuring four permeation parameters: water loss, electrical impedance measurement, and the cumulative amount of two model drugs (theophylline and indomethacin). The microstructure of these model membranes was verified by X-ray powder diffraction. X-ray powder diffraction measurements...
Significant adults in the evolution and development of adolescent
Vávrová, Kateřina ; Gillernová, Ilona (advisor) ; Mertin, Václav (referee)
This bachelor's thesis occupies itself with relationship between significant adults and development of adolescents. Theoretical part describes basic characteristic of these relationships, social development of adolescent, fundamental concepts and selected outcomes of relationship. In the second part is presented my research project. This project is focused on basic characteristics of these relationships in Czech republic and possible connections between these relationships and academical self-efficacy.
Preparation of Pyrazinamide Derivatives as Potential Antiinfectives. (Study of Structure Activity Relationships)
Juhás, Martin ; Zitko, Jan (advisor) ; Vávrová, Kateřina (referee) ; Svobodová, Radka (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Training Workplace Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis Doctoral Degree Program Pharmaceutical Chemistry Candidate PharmDr. Martin Juhás Supervisor doc. PharmDr. Jan Zitko, Ph.D. Advisor prof. PharmDr. Martin Doležal, Ph.D. Title of Doctoral Thesis Preparation of Pyrazinamide Derivatives as Potential Antiinfectives. (Study of Structure Activity Relationships) Antimicrobial resistance is considered one of the greatest threats of the 21st century. Until the COVID-19 pandemic, tuberculosis (TB) was the deadliest infectious disease, responsible for approx. one and a half million deaths each year. Resistance is very common in TB. Therefore, this work deals with the research of new potential antimicrobial substances with a particular focus on the activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the main cause of TB. The introduction of this work briefly describes the current state of research on derivatives of pyrazinamide, which served as the prototype structure of the prepared substances and follows with a basic overview of modern computer-based methods used in drug design. The next part comments on the used chemical and biological methods, and the obtained structure-activity relationships in the presented publications....
The issue of admission to secondary schools and multi-year gymnasiums
VÁVROVÁ, Kristýna
This bachelor thesis focuses on the issue of unified entrance examination to secondary schools and multi-year grammar schools in the Czech Republic. The thesis consists of a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part focuses on the definition of basic terms related to the unified entrance examination as well as the definition of curriculum for individual thematic units for the primary and lower secondary education (first and second stages of basic education). The practical part of the bachelor thesis is divided into two parts. The first part contains the results of a survey of pupils in grades 5, 7 and 9, including answers to which schools the pupils apply to, how long and how exactly they prepare for the mathematics entrance examination. The second part of the practical part deals with the results of scores obtained by grade 9 pupils in three different sample entrance examination tests written from scratch by the thesis author. This part compares the scores obtained in each of the sample tests and investigates what types of problems pupils find difficult and what types of problems pupils are good at.
Study of metabolism of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and mechanism of their anticancer effects
Vavrová, Katarína
As inhibitors of tyrosine kinases have become more widely used in anticancer therapy, detailed understanding of their pharmacokinetic profile is increasingly essential for the improvement of treatment outcomes. Herein, the metabolism in liver microsomes in animal models and humans was studied. Clarification of which liver enzymes, specifically cytochromes P450 (CYP), are involved in the metabolism of vandetanib, cabozantinib and, lenvatinib, may play a key role in oncology practice, as these anticancer drugs are administrated in combination with other drugs. This co-administration may pose a risk of drug interactions, which may result in decreased efficacy or increased drug-related toxicity. To elucidate the metabolism of our selected anticancer drugs in human liver, the same approaches were gradually used- correlation analysis using human liver microsomes from 12 different donors, inhibition studies, and the use of recombinant CYP. In addition, an approach with animal liver microsomes that were premedicated with inducers of individual CYP was used to elucidate vandetanib metabolism in rat liver. Our first studied tyrosine kinase inhibitor was vandetanib. In the first paper, we studied its metabolism in humans through various approaches, and subsequently in another publication in rat. The...
Linguistic analysis of current speeches
VÁVROVÁ, Kamila
This diploma thesis addresses the issue of spoken speech - it deals with speech by presenters of selected television programmes. The theoretical section discusses the functional style of journalism, summarises current knowledge about the production of speech and the audio aspects of language, while also providing basic information about lexis, syntax and nonverbal communication. The research section focuses on the ways of constructing spoken expressions and a description of linguistic devices at the phonetic-phonological, morphological, syntactic and lexical levels. Non-verbal communication is also evaluated. Expressions are analysed and compared.
Synthesis of fluorinated serine derivatives and study of their effect on skin barrier function
Župina, Richard ; Vávrová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Opálka, Lukáš (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry Supervisor: Prof. PharmDr. Kateřina Vávrová, Ph.D. Consultant: Dr. Georgios Paraskevopoulos, Ph.D. Author: Richard Župina Title of the thesis: Synthesis of fluorinated serine derivatives and study of their effect on skin barrier function The human skin serves as a barrier against physical, chemical and microbial injury. When the skin barrier is perturbed, there is a possibility of microbial infiltration and biochemical damage. Ceramides, as essential components of the skin lipid layer, help to maintain the barrier integrity. Decreased content of skin ceramides in epidermis is connected with skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Previous findings of our research group proved that a ceramide analogue with similar steric and hydrophobic parameters to skin ceramides could selectively supplement the recovery of perturbed human skin barrier. The goal of this study was to design a convenient synthesis of ceramide analogues derived from L-serine with two long aliphatic chains. The first chain is amidically bound lignoceric acid and the second chain is either a 10 or a 14 carbon polyfluorinated chain conjugated with the rest of the molecule by an ester bond. Furthermore, the aim of this...
Study of metabolism of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and mechanism of their anticancer effects
Vavrová, Katarína ; Indra, Radek (advisor) ; Souček, Pavel (referee) ; Ječmen, Tomáš (referee)
As inhibitors of tyrosine kinases have become more widely used in anticancer therapy, detailed understanding of their pharmacokinetic profile is increasingly essential for the improvement of treatment outcomes. Herein, the metabolism in liver microsomes in animal models and humans was studied. Clarification of which liver enzymes, specifically cytochromes P450 (CYP), are involved in the metabolism of vandetanib, cabozantinib and, lenvatinib, may play a key role in oncology practice, as these anticancer drugs are administrated in combination with other drugs. This co-administration may pose a risk of drug interactions, which may result in decreased efficacy or increased drug-related toxicity. To elucidate the metabolism of our selected anticancer drugs in human liver, the same approaches were gradually used- correlation analysis using human liver microsomes from 12 different donors, inhibition studies, and the use of recombinant CYP. In addition, an approach with animal liver microsomes that were premedicated with inducers of individual CYP was used to elucidate vandetanib metabolism in rat liver. Our first studied tyrosine kinase inhibitor was vandetanib. In the first paper, we studied its metabolism in humans through various approaches, and subsequently in another publication in rat. The...
Preparation and Evaluation of New Ligands Targeting Organic Cation Transporters in the Central Nervous System for the Treatment of Depression
Monteiro, Andrea ; Roh, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Vávrová, Kateřina (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry Student: Andrea Monteiro Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. PharmDr. Jaroslav Roh, Ph.D. Specialized supervisors: Nicolas Pietrancosta, Ph.D. Sophie Gautron, Ph.D. Title: Preparation and Evaluation of New Ligands Targeting Organic Cation Transporters in the Central Nervous System for the Treatment of Depression Brain organic cation transporters (OCT2, OCT3) are polyspecific facilitated diffusion transporters that regulate aminergic tonus and have a complementary role to high-affinity monoamine transporters (serotonine transporter SERT, noradrenaline transporter NET and dopamine transporter DAT) in monoamine clearance in the brain. Their complementary characteristics compared to the high-affinity transporters (widespread distribution, broader pharmacological profile) and their involvement in mood-related functions make brain OCT relevant and original targets for the development of novel antidepressants. H2-cyanome is a newly developed prodrug of cyanome that targets OCT. This prodrug showed promising antidepressant efficacy in a rodent model of chronic depression. Despite the positive impact of this prodrug on antidepressant efficacy, its limitation is its high affinity for 1 adrenergic receptors that may...

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