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Possibilities of preventing the negative influence of cognitive biases on everyday decision making
Tesařová, Monica ; Stehlík, Luděk (advisor) ; Uhlář, Pavel (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with possibilities of preventing the influence of cognitive biases on our everyday decision making, especially with the negative effect of the anchoring-and-adjustment heuristic on consumer behavior. The first chapter is concerned with human irrationality in decision making, primarily with cognitive biases. Some of the most significant types of cognitive biases that negatively affect our decision making are presented and various approaches trying to explain their origin and nature are introduced subsequently. It continues with a chapter on possibilities of the prevention of cognitive biases where the theory of debiasing is mentioned and an example of a successful debiasing strategy is presented. The last chapter of the theoretical part focuses in detail on one particular type of cognitive bias that arises from using the anchoring-and-adjustment heuristic. The aim of the empirical part of the thesis is then to propose a strategy that will, at least partially, help reducing the negative impact of this bias on our decision making in everyday situations - particularly from the consumer perspective. Another part of this is also an outline for an experimental study that would help verify the effectiveness of the proposed measures. Keywords: heuristics, cognitive biases,...
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Support of child cognitive development in home and school environment with focus on mnemonics
Kytka, Igor ; Morávková Krejčová, Lenka (advisor) ; Stehlík, Luděk (referee)
This thesis entitled Support of child cognitive development in home and school environment with focus on mnemonics outlines the theories of the cognitive development of preschool and school age. Also includes a summary of characteristics of these age periods. This thesis also includes the presentation of selected approaches to cognitive development, such as conceptual learning, or Learning Power, both from a theoretical as well as practical perspective. The practical part of this work is based on the application of training Loci technique and determining their impact on improving cognitive functions in children at primary school, aged 6-12 years. Keywords: cognitive development, cognitive functions, mnemonics, programs for enhancing cognitive functions, preschool age, school age, education, learning
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The effect of Gender on Adolescent's theory of mind
Šalapková, Jana ; Kebza, Vladimír (advisor) ; Stehlík, Luděk (referee)
The main aim of this study is to investigate the effect of gender in adolescent Theory of Mind. The term Theory of Mind (TOM) was introduced more than 30 years ago. Most of the TOM studies investigated Theory of Mind among animals, infants, children and clinical patients. Based on literature review, we know that developmental changes do not stop in childhood but continue through adolescence and into adulthood. Evidently there is a lack of studies on Theory of Mind in adolescents, despite the fact that adolescence is a critical stage for social, emotional and relationship skills. One of the variables important for our research is the effect of gender and gender identity. Gender differences are considered one of the least examined aspects of TOM, and further studies are not specifically aimed to gender-related differences. The tests we employed were Reading Mind in the eyes test (revised version, RMET-R) and Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI). Statistical analysis revealed that older adolescents (17- year old) scored significantly higher than younger (16-year old) on the RMET-R test. There were no significant differences between females and males on the RMET-R test performance results. We found no significant effect of gender identity, feminine traits and familiarity with TOM stimuli in relation to RMET-R...
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Subjective speed of time flow
Slavíková, Lenka ; Bahbouh, Radvan (advisor) ; Stehlík, Luděk (referee)
The following thesis deals with psychological time, duration of time and primarily the subjective speed of time. In the theoretical part the theories of time perception and the theories of time acceleration with age are presented. In the empirical part a hypothesis about the acceleration of subjective time with age is tested. In contrast to popularly held view that time passes faster with increasing age, empirical data do not support this assumption. A questionnaire mapping the impressions of the speed of time was administered to a sample of 101 respondents from three age groups (adolescents, adults and seniors). The newly developed Subjective time speed inventory (ISRČ) and Zimbardo time perspective inventory (ZTPI) were also included. Most respondents agree with the statement that time seems to pass faster now than before and that time seems to pass fast. Testing the main research hypothesis about the acceleration of time with age, however, finds no significant differences in perceived speed of time along with age (Kruskal-Wallis test). Significant difference in relation to age was found only in the speed measurement by means of ISRČ (Kruskal-Wallis test). Adolescents achieved significantly higher raw score than adults and seniors by means of ISRČ (Mann-Whitney U test). This result implies that...
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The use of computer programms in rehabilitation after head and brain injury
Plechatá, Adéla ; Kulišťák, Petr (advisor) ; Stehlík, Luděk (referee)
The theoretical part of the theses deals with options of the use of computer technologies in rehabilitation after head and brain injury. The introductory part outlines the topic of neuropsychological rehabilitation, its rudiments and major models. The following part contains a summary of benefits and disadvantages of computer-assisted rehabilitation and a short familiarization with studies considering efficiency of this approach in rehabilitation. Furthermore, this part contains a list of the most often used professional rehabilitation programms and their area of application. The third section follows up the topic of virtual reality and its advantages over simpler softwares. Moreover, there is also a summary of findings considering its efficiency. The last theoretical chapter describes principles and applications of EEG biofeedback therapy. Studies dealing with the efficiency of neurofeedback in rehabilitation after a traumatic brain injury are shortly mentioned at the end of this chapter. The practical part contains a propposed research project which deals with the effectiveness of neurofeedback in rehabilitation of deficits in attention, memory and executive functions of individuals after a traumatic brain injury. This is an experimental randomized controled study.
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The introduction to people analytics and its usage for optimization of personnel decisions and processes with a focus on reduction of employee turnover
Nyirendová, Rozálie ; Stehlík, Luděk (advisor) ; Šípová, Ivana (referee)
The aim of this paper is to present the possibilities of the usage of advanced analytical tools to optimize decision-making in personnel practice. The literature review part of the thesis deals with the so-called HR analytics, its development, possibilities of its usage, and the methodological framework on which it is based. The next part of the paper deals with the specific application of HR analytics in the field of employee retention according to the methodological framework of CRISP-DM. The last chapter describes in detail the phenomenon of employee turnover, its consequences, and possible explanatory variables. The empirical part of the paper is framed as a quantitative, applied research and deals with voluntary turnover of employees in a particular company-a large Czech bank. Firstly, the statistical-inference part of the research identifies several statistically significant predictors of employee turnover through binary logistic regression-unemployment rate, number of changed teams, time spent in the company, salary and total income, salary growth rate, team size, extraordinary bonus, and gender. Secondly, in the data-science part, several prediction models are compiled, one using binary logistic regression as well and another based on several machine learning techniques. The models are...
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POSSIBILITIES OF DYSLEXIA ASSESSMENT IN THE ADULT POPULATION
Jira, František ; Mertin, Václav (referee) ; Stehlík, Luděk (referee)
Rigorous thesis: POSSIBILITIES OF DYSLEXIA ASSESSMENT IN THE ADULT POPULATION Author: Mgr. František Jira Supervisor: PhDr. Lenka Morávková Krejčová, Ph.D. ABSTRACT This work focuses on problems of dyslexia in the adult population, especially among university students and graduates, and explores the possibilities of its assessment. The starting point of the thesis lies in its theoretical part, which first introduces the topic of dyslexia on a more general level (concept, definition, incidence, causes, symptoms, theoretical approaches to the study), second considers dyslexia in adults (psychosocial context, unoiversity study, work, family, common life) and finally talks about possibilities of dyslexia assessment in the adult population (detection of dyslexia in the process of psychological evaluation, selected methods for the diagnosis of dyslexia in adults in the Czech Republic and abroad). The empirical part of this thesis bases the basic idea of the research project on the theoretical background of the first part. Participants in the study were university applicants, students, and graduates. Research sample consisted primarily of students of Charles University in Prague and the Czech Technical University in Prague. The data collection was carried via a self- evaluation questionnaire and tests of special...
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The Relationship Between Cognitive and Emotional Processes in Executive Functioning
Novák, Ondřej ; Stehlík, Luděk (advisor) ; Uhlář, Pavel (referee)
This thesis provides brief overview of key surveys and theories dealing with the influence emotions have on selected executive functions (decision making and judgment). It discusses the issue using the theoretical framework of cognitive-experiential Self-theory (CEST), and emphasizes current knowledge and experimental approaches. It describes various approaches to understanding of emotions and their influence, such as the theories of emotional valence and affect, embodied emotions or motivational role of emotions. The thesis includes a quality research design aimed on emotional goals of specific basic emotions (fear, anger, sadness and joy). The results will provide a theoretical framework for the "feeling-is- for-doing" approach focused on the motivational component of emotions, allowing to examine it empirically.
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Connectionist modelling of the development of some cognitive processes associated with acquisition of language skills in Czech language
Stehlík, Luděk ; Uhlář, Pavel (advisor) ; Bahbouh, Radvan (referee)
The thesis discusses questions about the nature of the human mind, the process of language acquisition and the cognitive development in general and presents results of connectionist modelling of one of the seminal developmentally-psycholinguistic phenomena - segmentation of continuous speech flow on the basis of phonotactic and prosodic cues. In the general part of the thesis there is at first briefly introduced the philosophical topic of mind-body problem and then there is described intellectual, historical and cognitively-anthropological background of the computational-representational paradigm which is in the contemporary cognitive science the most prevailing view of the human mind treating the mental life as a kind of computation in the sense of manipulation and transformation of syntactic structures.
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The Relationship Between the Concept of Emotional Intelligence and the Big Five Model of Personality
Bergerová, Hana ; Stehlík, Luděk (advisor) ; Šípek, Jiří (referee)
My bachelor's thesis has the title "The Relationship between the Concept of Emotional Intelligence and the Big Five Model of Personality". The work is divided into two large units - theoretical and practical. In a literary survey this study describes the concept of EI, five-factor model of personality and their relationship. There are two concepts of EI: ability EI and trait EI. The relationship between EI and five-factor model of personality depends on how the concept of EI with which the concept of EI we compare Big Five. All tests EI, which were compared with the NEO-PI-R or other method investigating five-factor personality model, are described herein. In general we can say that the relationship between tests measuring the ability EI and five-factor model of personality is insignificant. In contrast, most methods of ascertaining EI correlate with the Big Five quite strongly. The practical part of my thesis consists of a research proposal, which deals with the differences of two concepts of EI and their success rate in predicting emotionally intelligent behavior. Keywords: Concept of emotional intelligence, Big Five model of personality, ability EI, trait EI, correlation and validation studies
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