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The Theory of Self-Domestication in German Anthropology and Biology till 1945.
Stella, Marco ; Komárek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Sklenička, Petr (referee)
Concerned with the theory of self-domestication, claiming that humans have morphological, anatomical, physiological, behavioural or psychological traits typical for domestic animals, this master's thesis attempts to describe how anthropological and biological stories speaks to people and how people are shaped by them. Has given rise to eugenics and racial hygiene, the idea implicit to this theory that the practice of animals domestication and cultivation can be applied to humans, is still relevant when speaking of genetic engineering.
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Ernst Haeckel in the Czech lands. Traces of Haeckel's Monism in the Czech culture during the late 19th and early 20th century.
Ovčáčková, Lenka ; Breidbach, Olaf (advisor) ; Sklenička, Petr (referee) ; Šimůnek, Michal (referee)
Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919), Professor für Zoologie an der Universität in Jena, war der bedeutendste Vertreter des deutschen Darwinismus und wurde zum Wegbereiter einer neuen naturwissenschaftlich-monistischen Weltanschauung. Vor allem beeinflusst durch Goethes pantheistische Ideen und Darwins Entwicklungslehre betonte Haeckel die Beseeltheit der Natur, die Einheit von Gott und Welt, Geist und Materie, und anorganischer und organischer Natur. Im ersten Teil dieser Arbeit werden das Leben und Werk Haeckels mit einem besonderen Bezug zu denjenigen monistischen Themenbereichen, die auch in Tschechien Resonanz gefunden haben, vorgestellt. Im zweiten Teil wird die Rezeption des Haeckelschen Monismus im tschechischen Kulturraum am Ende des 19. und am Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts präsentiert. Ausgehend von den tschechischen "Vordenkern" einer monistischen ganzheitlichen und einheitlichen Weltbezogenheit wird der Zeitgeist vor allem in Bezug auf die Tendenzen zur Entwicklung einer eigenständigen tschechischen nationalen Wissenschaftlichkeit und die durch diese Aspekte bestimmte Rezeption des Darwinismus charakterisiert. Der offensichtliche Mangel an tschechischen Übersetzungen von Schriften Darwins und Haeckels wird insbesondere durch die an Haeckel gerichtete Korrespondenz belegt. Vor allem Josef Bulova...
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Athanasius Kircher (1602-1680) and his Influence on the Natural Philosophy in the Czech Lands
Lelková, Iva ; Horský, Jan (advisor) ; Hermann, Tomáš (referee) ; Sklenička, Petr (referee)
Resumé: The dissertation deals with various layers of influence that Athanasius Kircher and his work had on the development of natural philosophy in the Czech lands around the half of the seventeenth century. It is possible to observe one such layer of this influence in his correspondence with the Czech lands, which often had patronage seeking character but was also a source of natural philosophic knowledge, observations and interests. Besides the correspondence influence, a diachronic influence and changing evaluation of Athnasius Kircher's work in the course of time is explored in one chapter. Another chapter introduces his own autobiography, which provides evidence of Kircher's conscious effort to shape the opinion of his person and his work to be made by his contemporaries and next generation of scholars. The last layer of influence being in focus of this work regards the influence of ideas based on an analogy between the movement of sea waters and movement of fluids in human body. Kircher's ideas on geocosmos expressed in his Mundus subterraneus (1664-1665) and Iter extaticum II (1657) are compared with the work of his correspondent, physician from Wroclaw and editor of the first medicine journal, Philipp Jacob Sachs von Löwenheim's Oceanus macro-microcosmicus (1664). Sachs reflects William Harvey's...
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The role of perception in knowing and description of living nature in renaissance
Čermáková, Lucie ; Kleisner, Karel (advisor) ; Sklenička, Petr (referee) ; Horský, Jan (referee)
This work focuses on the use of senses and sense perceptible qualities in cognition and description of nature in the Renaissance. The development of natural history as a discipline started in that time. Brian Ogilvie even defined this period as a period of "The Science of Describing". The core of Renaissance natural history is the study of plants - Res herbaria. There were various motivations for studying plants during the sixteenth century - from the philological interest in plant descriptions of ancient texts, across their use as medical remedies, up to the study and observation of living plants in nature. This transformation of goals and interests in natural history brings different use of senses and different appreciation of sensory perceptible qualities of plants. First, it is necessary to determine the therapeutic effects of plants. Medicinal properties are based on the primary composition and are closely linked to sensory perceptible qualities. Another motivation for the study and description is the determination of the plant itself. First, it is mainly the identification of plants of the texts of ancient authors - Dioscorides, Galen, Pliny and Theophrastus. Descriptions of these texts then naturalists compared with their knowledge and experience with living plants. Observing and describing...
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The Theory of Self-Domestication in German Anthropology and Biology till 1945.
Stella, Marco ; Komárek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Sklenička, Petr (referee)
Concerned with the theory of self-domestication, claiming that humans have morphological, anatomical, physiological, behavioural or psychological traits typical for domestic animals, this master's thesis attempts to describe how anthropological and biological stories speaks to people and how people are shaped by them. Has given rise to eugenics and racial hygiene, the idea implicit to this theory that the practice of animals domestication and cultivation can be applied to humans, is still relevant when speaking of genetic engineering.
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Visual preferences for wind turbines
Běťáková, Vendula ; Sklenička, Petr (advisor) ; Janečková, Kristina (referee)
This dissertation is a selection of three papers focused on visual preference of wind turbines. Visual impact presents the connectivity of the articles, whereas each one deals with the topic from different perspective. First paper "Wind turbines location: How many and how far?" analyses in detail the characteristics of wind turbines themselves, i.e. their number and distance from observer or vantage point in relation to landscape quality. Second paper "How education orientation affects attitudes toward wind energy and wind farms: implications for the planning process" concentrates on respondents´ characteristics, in particular educational orientation, general attitude, occurrence of WTs in respondents´ vicinity and willingness to live close to WTs. Whereas first two papers use same assessment method to analyse differences of WTs perception from different point of view, the third paper "Futuristic Wind Power Systems Suitable as Artistic Sculptures" presents review of WTs appearance in general and proposals of possible future look as an alternative to traditional wind turbines.
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The causes and consequences of the farmland fragmentation
Janovská, Vratislava ; Sklenička, Petr (advisor) ; Karel, Karel (referee)
Fragmented ownership of agricultural land is currently a very actual topic in the Czech Republic but also abroad. The research studies were developed in collaboration with the research team at the Faculty of Environment Sciences, Department of Land Use and Improvement, led by Professor Petr Sklenička. This research is solving problems related to the impact of agricultural land use on the spatial structure of agricultural land, fragmentation, and homogenization. Scientific studies that are part of this doctoral thesis emerged progressively and are logically linked.
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Vodohospodářské řešení rekultivace a revitalizace Podkrušnohorské uhelné pánve: Tvorba krajiny povodí Ohře a Bíliny - Chabařovicko
Hydroprojekt a.s., Praha ; Trpáková, Ivana ; Šíma, Martin ; Sklenička, Petr ; Ripl, Wilhelm ; Pokorný, Jan ; Lhota, Tomáš ; Trpák, Pavel
Účelem projektu bylo speciální ekologické posouzení funkčnosti budoucího jezera Chabařovice a navrženého zapojení okolních výsypek do okolní krajiny. Zpráva vychází z posouzení širšího území pánve z hlediska možnosti obnovy toků energie a látek v krajině, z ekologické analýzy dostupných historických údajů o více něž 150 let tvrvajícím vývoji krajiny, z analýzy prostupnosti krajiny v období Stabilního katastru, Generelu rekultivací a ze současného stavu. Podkladem bylo také posouzení funkčnosti systému ÚSES a jeho provázání s navrženými úpravami. Byly předloženy závěry a výstupy pro rozhodování státní správy.
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