National Repository of Grey Literature 144 records found  1 - 10nextend  jump to record: Search took 0.00 seconds. 
Women in Czechoslovak Armed Forces 1945-1989
Novotný, Jakub ; Rákosník, Jakub (advisor) ; Pullmann, Michal (referee)
(in English): Presented thesis intends to conduct a discourse and gender analysis of the position of women-soldiers in Czechoslovak armed forces in years 1945-1989. The goal of this thesis is to survey the relationship between the gender order of the state socialism and women-soldiers. To this end it utilizes primary sources of military command origin, the records of military schools in which women soldiers were trained, as well as civilian and military press. The discourse analysis chapter observes the changing attitudes of military command towards the utilization of women in the military and deals with a gap in women recruitment in the first half of the 1960s. It asks about motivations of women to serve in the military and carries out a statistical analysis of the social structure of women who were interested in the military occupation in the 1950s. Within the gender analysis part of this thesis, the research relationship between women- soldiers and feminine and masculine attributes, in particular with maternity and the military uniform, takes place. It also studies the disguised or suppressed nature of military masculinity in the media representation and self-presentation of women. Following that, this thesis observes images of benign and dangerous women in the military, as well as the...
The Opinionclashes and Searching for Compromises. The Genealogy and Typology of Conflicts in Charter 77 (1977-1989)
Suk, Marek ; Pullmann, Michal (advisor) ; Bugge, Peter (referee) ; Vilímek, Tomáš (referee)
of the Thesis The goal of my thesis is to uncover Charter 77 and describe less researched or unknown aspects of its activity such as: 1) searching for effective forms of legal defence against the secret police pressure and for appropriate ways of working; 2) adopting the principles of democratic discussion; 3) the process of creation of the Charter Documents. My research questions are: What was the "production proces" of the Charter's Declaration and other key documents? Who was involved in it and to what extent? What problems were coming up and how they had been solved? Who was making decisions on the behalf of the Charter and with what consequences? What were the reasons for dissapointment of some Chartists and who separated from the Charter? What development did the relations between the representatives of the various oppositional currents within the Charter undergo? How did they contribute and what were they criticized for by others? How did the Chartists respond to the non-political politics? Who opposed it and in what ways were (and still are) these objections valuable? To what extent did they maintain this notion or deviate from it in the late 1980s, when the normalization regime was sinking into an ever deeper crisis? In what ways were they restricted by non-political politics? What was the...
Living in Stalinism: Communist Party of Czechoslovakia in the Age of Terror and Building of Better Tomorrows
Lóži, Marián ; Pullmann, Michal (advisor) ; Rákosník, Jakub (referee) ; Nečasová, Denisa (referee)
The dissertation strives to analyze the functioning of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia at the turn of the 1940s and 1950s. It deals with contemporary social processes, namely extensive geographical migrations of population, and how these conditioned the party's operation. It focuses on the conditions that prevailed in the central, regional and district ranks of the party organism. It details the activities of the hierarchical machinery, the actions and interests of individuals and entire groups within the party. It conceives party actors both as determined by their environment and as autonomous actors with complex motivations and patterns of behavior. It deals with internal party terror, which included the so-called dictatorial practice of members of the regional stalinist elite, as well as the struggle against this practice led by lower officials and active party members, all within the framework of an official campaign to find enemies in the Communist Party. It sees the conflict as a specific phenomenon with its own conditions and dynamics, which more or less differed from region to region. As a result, there was a change in the social composition of the elite and the overall exercise of power. Dissertation considers the principles of Stalinism to be a fundamental factor in this...
Miroslav Kárný. Study about influence of ideology and political power on individual in the years 1919-1974
Tesař, Jan ; Čechurová, Jana (advisor) ; Pullmann, Michal (referee)
The study is about life of Miroslav Kárný in years 1919-1974. The creation of mental maps and influence of ideology on the individual human being was one of the main subjects. In the first part I have explored the life of M. Kárný in ghetto Teresienstadt with special attention to effects of "Endlösung der Judenfrage". Furthermore, the options of possible resistance in the ghetto were studied. The second part is about forming M. Kárný's public opinions under communist ideology, which was accepted by him without hesitation. Lastly, the study is about destruction of fundaments of secular belief in the age of totalitarism
Development of the penitentiary subcultures in Czechoslovakia in years 1948-1960
Pinerová, Klára ; Štaif, Jiří (advisor) ; Pullmann, Michal (referee)
vývoj československé společnosti v poválečném období znamená výrazný historický přelom v našich dějinách. Změnily se mocenské vztahy v Evropě, což bylo nejvíce určující pro politický vývoj zemí ve střední Evropě. Po porážce nacistického Německa se zájmy velmocí stále více rozdělovaly, až vznikly dva protichůdné bloky. Československu se nepodařilo stát se "mostem mezi Východem a Západem" a v letech 1945 - 1948 stále více inklinovalo k Sovětskému svazu. Politická situace v samotném Československu se druhou světovou válkou změnila a otočila se výrazně do leva. Po válce nebyla obnovená agrární strana, která byla zkompromitovaná érou Protektorátu a druhé republiky, naopak byl vytvořen blok zvaný Národní fronta, který vytvářel státní politiku. Období mezi léty 1945 - 1948 nazýváme omezenou demokracií, protože proti Národní frontě neexistovala žádná opozice. Rychle docházelo k výrazným změnám - odsunu německého obyvatelstva, k znárodnění, k pozemkové reformě atd. To mělo samozřejmě další vliv na utváření skladby celé společnosti. Mizely skupiny nejbohatších a nejchudších obyvatel. Únor 1948 prakticky již jen potvrdil zrněny, které ve společnosti a ve státě po druhé světové válce probíhaly. Po převratu dochází k postupnému, ale přesto rychlému budování totalitního státu se všemi jeho důsledky. Veškerý život a dění...
First attempt at new (post-stalinist) interpretation of the political trials (1952- 1954) in Czechoslovakia
Lóži, Marián ; Pullmann, Michal (advisor) ; Rákosník, Jakub (referee)
This study concentrates on the understanding of development, reasons and effects of the first post-stalinist interpretation of the political processes with the anti-state Slansky conspiracy centre. Original concept legitimating in Czechoslovakia purges and trials of the early fifties - in particular Stalin's thesis of constant intensification of the class struggle and belief in presence of the enemy agents in the highest circles of the communist party - was gradually abandoned, making it necessary to create a new explanation. This had to be so because the KSČ and its ruling body particularly did not want to be exposed to doubts about their previous conduct, which would have only led to crisis of identity and caused threat to the performance of power. That is why the new interpretative construction was created between 1953 and 1957 with an aim of reconciling collective memory of party members and new approach to the so- called time of terror. Executed general secretary Slansky did not yet become "victim" of the regime, but on the contrary he was represented as an instigator of stalinist terror and main perpetrator of arbitrariness, who was justly exposed and punished by party ranks. Contemporary ruling elite thus purified itself from its own antecedent conduct, which was often important component of...
Changes in the education of history in Czechoslovakia 1948-1956
Bimková, Dana ; Pullmann, Michal (advisor) ; Beneš, Zdeněk (referee)
The education of history has always been influenced by society and by the political establishment. After February 1948, the Communist party in Czechoslovakia directed everything; the education was no exception. The objectives and contents of the education were directly subordinated to the political control that did not allow any changes proposed by teachers or scientists. On the other hand, in the special educational serials was given surprisingly big space for discussions about the forms and the methodology of education of history. These discussions were led by educational scientists and by teachers. They were suggesting changes that would purge the education of history from formalism and would improve the overall quality of students' knowledge. At the beginning of the period under consideration (1948 - 1956), these discussions were only few and not very sophisticated. However, in the end of the period they were making basic part of the educational serials and they were on high scientific level. The main covered topics were: the using of literature, maps, pictures, films, and noticeboards in the lessons; teaching of regional history; going on some excursions; teaching of historical facts and datas; writing notices in the lessons; etc. The space, where these discussions took place, looked like a space for...
Northern Ireland in Troublestime, politics and society
Řeřicha, David ; Kovář, Martin (advisor) ; Pullmann, Michal (referee)
Moderní Velká Británie, ač nikdy nemusela na svém území snášet cizí vojska, zažila tak dlouhé a krvavé vnitřní násilí jako málokterý stát.(l) Irsko, které díky své izolované poloze zůstávalo vždy trochu stranou evropskému dění, se stalo pro mnoho utlačovaných národů a národnostních menšin vzorem pro svůj vzdor a neústupnost v boji za sebeurčení.(2) Proto si historie irského terorismu zaslouží zvláštní pozornost. Bylo motivováno bojem o nezávislost zaměřeným proti vnitřnímu kolonialismu ekonomického typu, jehož bylo Irsko obětí. Od počátku 20. století se terorismus uplatňuje jako politická zbraň, což mu v jižním Irsku přineslo nečekaný a rychlý úspěch.(3) Mimo to není bez zajímavosti, že dlouhodobost celého konfliktu, marné hledání kompromisu a fakt, že tento svár se odehrával na území velmoci, jako je Velká Británie. Chceme-li posoudit severoirský konflikt, je nutné položit si tyto otázky: - Jaké byly hlavní konfliktní linie v severoirské společnosti? - Zda a proč docházelo k diskriminaci? - Proč došlo v době Troubles k eskalaci napětí a jak na vzniklou situaci reagovala britská vláda? - Jaké reformy měly vést k urovnání sporu a co skutečně přinesly? Má práce má dvě linie a sice historicky-politickou, druhá část se zabývá společenskými, hospodářskými a kulturními poměry a případnými změnami v tomto období....
Neonazism in Late Socialist Czechoslovakia
Polák, Michael ; Pullmann, Michal (advisor) ; Spurný, Matěj (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to map the presence of pro-fascist movements, pro- fascist ideas and their manifestations in Czechoslovakia during the second decade of the period of normalization. The basic task of the thesis aims to discover whether the followers of Nazi and fascist values existed in Czechoslovakia in the eighties, what was the profile of the people involved, what was the main motive of inspiration in the neo-Nazi themes, whether these motives represented a symbolic protest against the establishment or carried a projection of a fascist / neo-Nazi social change, furthermore where this inspiration came from (whether the transfer of ideas from the west occurred). The thesis will therefore analyse the social profile of individuals and groups tending to neo-Nazism, their social origin, motivation for neo-Nazi activities and beliefs, and the relationship between governance structure and other social classes of the Czech and Slovak society. This research aims to contribute to a better understanding of the character of the normalisation period and the opposing groups. The general term of passive oppressed people doesn't apply to the supporters of the neo-Nazi ideology, nor would you describe them as the heroic warriors against the regime. Reaserching their specific position should...
Parish history in Ústí nad Orlicí and the Roman Catholic Church in Czechoslovakia in years 1948-1961
Sklenář, Michal ; Pullmann, Michal (advisor) ; Blažek, Petr (referee)
The thesis follows the history of the Roman Catholic Church in Czechoslovakia between 1948-1961. The first part includes broader theoretical context and the second part contains historical context of the issues which are discussed in the third part. On the example of Václav Boštík, the dean in Ústí nad Orlicí between the years 1934-1942 and 1945-1961, and using the micro-historical method, the thesis demonstrates the running of a parish in a district town during the first thirteen years of the communist totalitarian rule. The options and actions of dean Václav Boštík - an ecclesiastic administrator and statutory representative - in various situations and his decisions, which had a direct and significant influence on the parish, are analyzed in the thesis. At the same time, the presented local situation is compared with the steps of the state towards the Church on the national level, which shows one of possible pictures of the ecclesiastical history in Czechoslovakia in the second half of the 20th century. Key words 20th century, the Roman Catholic Church, Czechoslowakia, communism, Ústí nad Orlicí, Václav Boštík (1897-1963)

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