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Breast cancer biomarkers after neoadjuvant therapy.
Skálová, Helena ; Povýšil, Ctibor (advisor) ; Kolář, Zdeněk (referee) ; Křen, Leoš (referee)
Chemotherapy is one of the basic therapeutic procedures of breast cancer (BC) which may precede and/or follow the surgical resection of a tumor as a part of neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy. However, the selective pressure of chemotherapy on tumor cells may change their molecular and expression profile and thus also their chemosensitivity. The aim of our work was to document the expression changes of selected markers in BC after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which may contribute to the understanding of the role of these proteins and genes in tumor response to chemotherapy and the development of chemoresistance. Immunohistochemical analysis of expression of standard BC markers [estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR), HER2 and proliferation activity (Ki67)] and intercellular junction proteins (claudin 1, 3 and 4, E- and N-cadherin) before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy revealed a decrease of PR, Ki67 and claudin 3 expression and an increase of claudin 1 expression. The expression of ER, HER2, claudin 4, E- and N-cadherin proved to be stable. Assessment of standard BC markers is performed routinely during a bioptic investigation as a necessary factor for therapy indication. Our results support the current recommendations for the re-examination before indication of adjuvant chemotherapy. Claudins...
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Expression of different forms of actine in some non-muscular and muscular tissues and tumors
Dundr, Pavel ; Povýšil, Ctibor (advisor) ; Marek, Josef (referee) ; Mačák, Jiří (referee)
Actins are ubiquitous eucaryotic proteins. Actin filaments are involved in diverse functions which include cell contraction, motility, adhesion, division, cell shape maintenance and muscle contraction. Four actin isoforms are tissue specific (α-smooth muscle actin, α-cardiac actin, α-skeletal actin and γ-smooth muscle actin). Two other actin isoforms (cytoplasmic β- and γ-actins) are ubiquitous. Alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression is typically found in vascular and enteric muscle tissue, in myoepithelial cells, myofibroblasts and pericytes. However, expression of this actin isoform could be detected in a variety of other cells and tumors with a preexisting different phenotype. Our study focused on the expression of actin isoforms in some muscular and non-muscular tissues and tumors. The goals of our study were: 1 Analysis of actin isoforms expression in normal, osteoarthrotic, posttraumatic and transplanted cartilage. 2 Analysis of actin isoform expression in some non-muscle tumors. 3 Analysis of actin isoform expression in uterine leiomyomas after therapy and in leiomyomas with inclusion bodies of the gastrointestinal tract and uterus and the detailed analysis of inclusion bodies. A total of 82 samples of cartilage, 591 samples of neuroectodermal tumors, 87 cases of breast carcinoma, and 29 cases...
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