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Regional differentiation of induced abortion rate in the Czech republic
Chválová, Martina ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee)
Regional differentiation of induced abortion rate in the Czech republic Abstract The goal of the work is to address the issue of induced abortion in the Czech Republic in 2011. The abortion definition and its types, necessary for exact delimitation of the topic, are introduced. Then actual legislation and data gathering of induced abortion are provided. The work focuses on the analysis of regional differentiation of induced abortions in the Czech Republic. The work includes graphs of some statistical indicators of induced abortions in the Czech Republic in 2011. It mainly focuses on pattems of induced abortions in individual regions, according to number of previous live-born babies to mothers who underwent the induced abortion, marital status and education level of these women. Methods of demographic analysis and statistical methods are used (induced abortions to live birth ratios, total induced abortions rate, women's average age at induced abortion). Working hypotheses are presented and consequently verified. Cluster analysis on the regional scale was applied to make the induced abortion patterns more transparent and easier to interpret. The analysis showed that the biggest number of induced abortions is in Central-Bohemia region and in Prague. The highest induced abortion ratio and total induced abortion...
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The development of the birth rate and preschool education in the Czech Republic after 1950
Křesťanová, Jana ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee)
The development of the birth rate and preschool education in the Czech Republic after 1950 Abstract The main aim of the thesis is to map in detail the development of preschool education and financial support for families with children in the Czech Republic in the context of the development of birth rate after 1950. The development of birth rate in the thesis is not only analyzed by using basic indicators, but also through deeper decomposition methods. It turns out, that quality and availability of all network preschool institutions in the context has a certain role in the birth rate. The reconciliation of work and family is very important for lots of parents and sufficient offer of preschool care can help it. However, the demand for preschool institutions exceeded supply, as was shown in accordance with obtained data. It was also found out by the insight into the outcomes of surveys that the vast majority of respondents do not think that a preschool child of working mother would be suffering. In the future, should not only expand the capacity of childcare facilities as well as other options for facilitation of reconciling work and family life, such as better offer of flexible working hours. Keywords: birth rate, decomposition, preschool facilities, financial support for families with children, surveys,...
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Population policy in China
Čadyová, Barbora ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
Population policy in China Abstract This thesis concerns the topic of population policy in China, focusing on the one-child policy. It describes the development of these policies and then deals with the research questions themselves. First of all the thesis describes the process of the fertility decrease in China in connection with the population policy since the 50s of the 20th century. This part of the thesis results in the findings that the largest fertility decrease occurred in the 70s of the 20th century as a consequence of the population policy measures. It was even before the implementation of the one-child policy in 1979, even though this also had a significant impact on the fertility. The one-child policy, amongst low fertility, has also brought some negative effects including accelerated demographic aging, increased sex ratio at birth, the phenomenon of "little emperors", more difficult situation for parents who lost their only child, etc. The thesis also compares the population policy of China and other Asian countries with similar trends in fertility. This part of the thesis results in the finding that similar fertility limitation can be handled by a milder way than it was in the case of China. Keywords: China, population policy, fertility, one-child policy
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Second child from international perspective
Kudrnová, Pavlína ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee)
Second child from international perspective Abstract The main aim of this thesis is a comparative analysis of the second child in Sweden, Finland, Netherlands, Austria, Czech Republic and Slovakia. The main tool of this analysis are period fertility tables for the years 1991-2007. Theories why people want children and factors influencing the decision of starting a family and its size are mentioned in the first part. Furthermore, the text focuses on the comparison of family conditions and environment in each country which turned out to be the most friendly in Sweden and the Netherlands. The main part, the analysis of the second child, shows more significant changes in the Czech Republic and Slovakia than in other countries during the period - both in shifting childbearing to higher age of women and reducing the levels of period and cohort fertility or in the probability of having a second child. The results point out the incipient signs of loss of the prominent position of the second child and two-child family, especially in the Central European counties. Keywords: the second child, fertility, period fertility tables, the probability of having a second child, a family
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Accessibility of pre-primary education in the Czech Republic
Lešetická, Zuzana ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee)
The aim of this study is to analyze and evaluate care services for preschool children in the Czech Republic from the perspective of a demographer. The first part is concerned with theory relating to this issue. This development of preschool education in this country with an emphasis on the period after 1990 . In the next section participation in preschool education in the districts of the Czech Republic is analyzed. As a part of analysis an international comparison is also made with selected European Union countries. A survey was carried about using a questionnaire, the results of which became an importance source helping to describe and, in some cases, illustrate the current situation in and around Prague. The final part outlines the possible future development in the numbers of children and the resulting interest in preschool care. To address the problems related to the return of women to the workplace (labor market) after maternity leave, the number of children are estimated and grouped according to the levels of education of the women.
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Migration policy and its role in implementation of population development strategy of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Saparbekova, Ainur ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Kalibová, Květa (referee) ; Pavlík, Zdeněk (referee)
Migration policy and its role in implementation of population development strategy of the Republic of Kazakhstan Abstract This work addresses the issues of migration policy and its role in population development of Kazakhstan. Migration and demographic development of the Republic of Kazakhstan had become prominent subjects of strategic policy under the new geopolitical reality and socio-economic development since the early 1990s. The intensive outflow of population during this period resulted in change of different quantitative as well as qualitative population characteristics. At the same time, the ethno-demographic disproportions maintained in the previous decades speeded up the "nation-building" process which was represented namely by policy on ethnic return migration. Thus, under these circumstances migration and demographic policies were placed among the priority issues of national security of the RK. In this contexts, the analysis presented in the submitted disseartion displays the effect of migration flows on demographic, socio- economic and ethnic composition of population. It considers the effect of policy measures on managing migration processes. The thesis finally analyzes the role of migration policy in demographic development of the country which has been closely connected with the strategic...
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Circumstances surrounding early parenthood in the Czech Republic: Life strategies of pregnant women and mothers under the age of 20
Kyzlinková, Renáta ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee) ; Kuchařová, Věra (referee)
CIRCUMSTANCES SURROUNDING EARLY PARENTHOOD IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC: LIFE STRATEGIES OF PREGNANT WOMEN AND MOTHERS UNDER THE AGE OF 20 Abstract The data gathered in the qualitative study by 58 semi-structured interviews with pregnant teenage girls or teenage mothers were used to describe relatively large scope of life circumstances connected to early pregnancies. The author examines what was the reason for becoming pregnant, how the teenagers' decision about how to respond to getting pregnant was made and how their life strategies changed under the pressure of this unpredictable event. Studying sexual behavior of adolescent mothers the author placed emphasis on partners' communication connected with first sexual intercourse and the increased risk of sexual abuse among the observed population. Furthermore, the role of "sexual socialization" in the family of origin was discussed. Concerning decision-making process- "keeping the baby or not", the main emphasis was placed on the social support networks and their influence on pregnant women's decisions. Very important issue analyzed in this part of the study is phenomenon of "wishing to have a baby". Another topics covered are the family formation process and housing conditions after opting for motherhood, in particular, the importance of marriage and the partner's...
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Fertility timing across the Czech women, the 1966-1990 generations
Slabá, Jitka ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee) ; Kuchařová, Věra (referee)
Fertility timing across the Czech women, the 1966-1990 generations Abstract: The mean age of women at the first and second childbirth in Czechia is growing since the beginning of the 90s. The aim of this doctoral thesis is therefore to analyse the intensity and causes of the unplanned postponement of childbirth, mainly from the individual perspective of Czech women. The main sources of data used in the thesis are from the Ženy 2016 survey and the Ženy 2019 survey, that gather data about the women born in Czechia between the years 1966 and 1990. The research contribution of the thesis is twofold. Firstly, the separation of postponement into two phases - planned postponement and unplanned postponement, as both of them contribute to the growing mean age at first childbirth. Secondly, the finding of the sequential nature of fertility timing. First stage of postponement is related to the unfulfillment of defined prerequisites for the first childbirth, such as completion of education, stable position on the labour market or the overall material security. The second stage of the postponement is related to the unsatisfactory partnership situation and the third stage to the health problems. The results show that about one third of Czech women relate themselves to the issue of the unplanned postponement of the first...
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The impact of religion on reproductive behaviour
Tvrdíková, Michaela ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee)
The impact of religion on reproductive behaviour Abstract Religion is one of the reproductive behaviour determinants examined in literature. The aim of this thesis is to find a relation between religion, religiosity and a level of fertility. Using the method of Poisson regression, the thesis analyses data from "European Value Study" comparing the Czech Republic, Italy, Germany and Poland and data from research "Detraditionalitization and individualization of religion in the Czech Republic in 2006". Using literature, established hypotheses assume a higher level of fertility among religiously active population. Affiliation with a denomination, frequency of church service visits, importance of religion in life, demographic and socioeconomic indicators are used as variables. Part of the thesis is devoted to a qualitative researched focused on young believers with academic education. The research deals with their attitude to the Church and opinions on religious teaching, norms and prohibitions. Key words: religiosity, religion, fertility, qualitative research, European Values Study
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