National Repository of Grey Literature 186 records found  1 - 10nextend  jump to record: Search took 0.00 seconds. 
Interactions of essential amino acids with iron ions
Nadějová, Jana ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Siatka, Tomáš (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany Candidate: Jana Nadějová Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Karlíčková, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Interaction of essential amino acids with iron ions Iron is an important trace element that is needed for the proper functioning of the body. Lack of iron, as well as an excess of iron, can lead to pathological conditions, so it is necessary to control the level of iron in the blood and in case of overloading the body with iron, its chelation can be considered a possible therapeutic tool. Chelators for these therapeutic purposes should be the body's own substance. Amino acids are therefore ideal candidates for the regulation of iron homeostasis in the body, so this thesis focuses on some of them. The individual amino acids are linked by a peptide bond to form proteins. Proteinogenic amino acids are divided into essential, which must be ingested through food, and nonessential, which the body can create on its own. The aim of this study was to compare the iron-chelating and iron-reducing activity of the essential amino acids L-histidine, L-methionine, and the nonessential amino acids L- cysteine, its dimer L-cystine, L-aspartic and L-glutamic acid. The research also included a substance derived from...
The impact of benzoic acids, metabolites of flavonoids, on the iron-catalysed Fenton reaction
Klenovičová, Alexandra ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Alexandra Klenovičová Supervisor: Prof. Přemysl Mladěnka, PharmDr., Ph.D. Consultant: Zuzana Lomozová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: The impact of benzoic acids, metabolites of flavonoids, on the iron-catalysed Fenton reaction Oxidative stress is a condition in which there is an increased production of free radicals that exceeds endogenous antioxidant activity and leads to damage of biomolecules. A number of human diseases are associated with oxidative stress. However the use of antioxidants has failed in clinical trials, but it is possible that the fact that antioxidants may preferentially exhibit prooxidant activity under elevated antioxidant concentrations in various pathophysiological conditions. Various in vitro and epidemiological studies have confirmed the presence of antioxidant and prooxidant properties in flavonoids. However, on the basis of their pharmacokinetics, it is evident that after their oral intake, significant metabolism in the colon takes place, where small phenolic substances are formed in interaction with the intestinal microflora. There is a possibility that the antioxidant and harmful prooxidant properties that have been attributed to flavonoids are in fact a...
The influence of benzoic acids (metabolites of flavonoids) on the copper-triggered Fenton reaction and hemolysis
Harčárová, Patrícia ; Lomozová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacognosis and Pharmaceutical Botany Student: Patrícia Harčárová Supervisor: Zuzana Lomozová, MSc., Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Effect of benzoic acids (flavonoid metabolites) on copper catalyzed Fenton reaction and hemolysis Keywords: flavonoids, benzoic acids, copper, Fenton reaction, hemolysis Copper is a biogenic trace element that is present in several enzymes and proteins in the human body. The ability of copper to change its oxidation state is essential for its biological functions and enables enzymatic redox reactions in the organism. Homeostasis of copper is strictly regulated in the human body as its disruption can lead to the toxic effects of copper. Flavonoids are secondary plant metabolites that are a common part of our diet and their consumption has positive effects on our bodies. However, under certain conditions, they can also have a pro-oxidative effect, which is related to their ability to reduce transition metal ions. Flavonoids are massively metabolized in the human body before reaching systemic circulation into small phenolic substances including benzoic acids. Seven benzoic acid derivatives were tested as part of this thesis. Their influence on the production of hydroxyl radicals arising during the...
Search for new natural alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
Kašpárková, Michaela ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Carazo Fernández, Alejandro (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany Student: Michaela Kašpárková Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Karlíčková, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Search for new natural α-glucosidase inhibitors α-glucosidase is one of the main enzymes that break down carbohydrates in the digestive tract. Its physiological function is mainly the cleavage of α-(1,4) bonds of oligosaccharides and enabling the absorption of D-glucose into the bloodstream. As a result, there is an increase in postprandial blood glucose values, which is not desirable in patients with diabetes or in people with a high risk of developing it. Flavonoids are natural polyphenolic substances found in many natural components of our food. These substances are known for their positive effects on human health, which also include the ability to inhibit the α-glucosidase enzyme. Therefore, the aim of this work was to determine the inhibitory activity of flavonoids against the α-glucosidase enzyme and the subsequent assessment of the structure-activity relationship. Using twenty-two selected flavonoids belonging to five different structural groups, the inhibitory activity on the yeast α-glucosidase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was determined by spectrophotometric measurements in vitro....
Searching for natural cobalt chelators
Kadlecová, Kateřina ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Carazo Fernández, Alejandro (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany Student: Kateřina Kadlecová Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Karlíčková, Ph.D. Title of diploma: Searching for natural cobalt chelators Cobalt, as a trace element, is mostly found in the human body as the central atom of vitamin B12. Its deficiency is manifested by psychological impairment, memory loss, dementia or megaloblastic anemia. In excess amount, it is toxic to the body, which has been most described in patients with MoM hip replacement surgery. Cobalt causes damage to surrounding tissue until it is destroyed, or also cardiotoxicity, thyroid hypofunction, memory and hearing loss. Flavonoids are natural polyphenolic compounds with the ability to bind metals, scavenge free radicals and hence protect against oxidative stress. The aim of the work was to determine the cobalt chelating activity of a row of flavonoids using spectrofotometric measurements in vitro at 4 pathophysiologically relevant pH conditions (pH 4.5, 5.5, 6.8 and 7.5). Of the test substances, only 3-hydroxyflavon and baicalein showed chelation activity. 3-hydroxyflavon in a 1:1 ratio achieved 100 % chelation at pH 7.5 and about 60 % at pH 6.8. Baicalein was reactive at pH 7.5 and 6.8, when at 10:1 it was able to bind about 50...
The effect of pyrazine derivatives on secondary metabolites content in plant cultures in vitro - III.
Blahnová, Kristýna ; Tůmová, Lenka (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
One of the possibilities how to increase the production of secondary metabolites (SM) in plant in vitro cultures is the method of elicitation. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of an abiotic elicitor from the class of pyrazine derivatives 1-benzyl-3-(pyrazin-2-yl)urea on the production of flavonolignans of silymarin complex and flavonoid taxifolin in the plant culture Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Pyrazine derivatives are investigated for their herbicidal properties, so elicitation proceeds by the mechanism of stress inducing effect. Tissue cultures were grown on Murashige and Skoog growth medium with the addition of the growth regulator α-naphthylacetic acid. Elicitation was performed on both callus and suspension cultures. The elicitor was used in three different concentrations: c1 = 100.0 mg/100 ml; c2 = 10.0 mg/100 ml; c3 = 1.00 mg/100 ml. Particular samples were taken after 6, 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours of elicitor effect, control samples after 6, 48 and 168 hours. After drying, the callus and suspension tissues were extracted with methanol and the content of the monitored secondary metabolites was determined by HPLC. It was also tested if SM are released into the growth medium. Flavonolignans silybinin A and silybinin B were not detected in any of the analyzed samples. The...
The impact of compounds from cigarette smoke on blood coagulation in vitro
Afshari, Mohammadreza ; Carazo Fernández, Alejandro (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Student: Mohammadreza Afshari Supervisors: Pharm Dr Alejandro Carazo Fernández, Ph.D. Thesis title: The impact of compounds from cigarette smoke on blood coagulation in vitro Hemostasis is the physiological process that stops bleeding at the site of an injury while maintaining normal blood flow elsewhere in the circulation. It is characterized by the equilibrium between proteins, enzymes, and other biological factors. Hemostasis is one of the most important biological processes in our body and any alteration in the function can affect the health of the individual severely. Nowadays the world is experiencing an epidemy of cigarette smoking and many people are socially and economically affected by the health impact of cigarette smoking. Cigarette smoking has been proven to increase the chance of the development of various cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease, among others. Despite the large number of studies conducted on the effect of cigarette smoke on the cardiovascular system, there are only scarce studies that directly evaluate the effect and impact of cigarette smoke on the hemostasis and their effect on specific steps....
Sources of ellagitannins and their effects on human organism
Lazarová, Zuzana ; Siatka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
CHARLES UNIVERSITY PHARMACEUTICAL FACULTY IN HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY Author: Zuzana Lazarová Title of diploma thesis: Sources of ellagitannins and their effects on human organism Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Tomáš Siatka, CSc. Diploma thesis 2021/2022, pages: 87 This diploma thesis is a literature review which focuses on an overview of ellagitannins, their sources, bioavailability, metabolism in the human body and effects on the human organism. Ellagitannins belong to the class of hydrolysable tannins which in the human gastrointestinal tract undergo hydrolysis to form ellagic acid. There is a high content of ellagitannins in the families Elaeagnaceae, Fagaceae, Geraniaceae, Lythraceae, Onagraceae and in some species of the family Rosaceae. Ellagitannins are found in medicinal plants as well as in commonly available foods, especially in berries and nuts. The intestinal microflora has the ability to metabolize ellagic acid to more bioavailable urolithins, but there are strong interindividual differences in the microbial conversion of ellagitannins among the population. Clinical studies provide evidence of the pharmacological activities of ellagitannins in many diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, oncological diseases, central...
Constituents of Rosmarinus officinalis and their biological effects
Klížová, Aneta ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Tůmová, Lenka (referee)
CHARLES UVIVERSITY THE FACULTY OF PHARMACY IN HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY Title of the diploma thesis: CONSTITUENTS OF ROSEMARY AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS Candidate: Aneta Klížová Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Karlíčková, Ph.D. Diploma thesis 2021/2022, pp. 89 Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) belongs to the Lamiaceae family. It is a bushy, evergreen perennial plant coming from the Mediterranean. Two pharmacopoeia herbal substances are used from this plant - leaves and essential oil. Rosemary has a wide range of uses. It is mainly used as a spice in the kitchen. Due to its antioxidant effects, it is used as a food preservative. It is also added to various cosmetic products such as soaps, creams, shampoos and perfumes. Rosemary and its components (carnosol, carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid and others) show many effects, which include analgesic, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, anticancer, antirheumatic, spasmolytic, antihepatotoxic, carminative, atherosclerotic, choleretic, antidepressant effects and others. It also works against bacteria and viruses. Rosemary is widely used as a traditional medicine, so it is included in the EMA monograph. Extract of rosemary or substances isolated from it have been tested in many in vitro and in vivo studies. Essential oil...
Evaluation of flavonoids content in various species of Bergenia genus
Marková, Almíra ; Tůmová, Lenka (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany Author: Almíra Marková Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. PharmDr. Lenka Tůmová, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: Evaluation of flavonoids content in various species of Bergenia genus Originally an Asian genus Bergenia from the family Saxifragaceae includes 32 species described so far and many hybrids that were created by crossing them. The leaves and rhizomes of bergenia used widely in folk medicine of China, India, Mongolia, and Russia are rich in a wide range of chemical constituents. The most important secondary metabolites of this plant are tannins, arbutin, bergenin, but also flavonoids. The drug is valued for its litholytic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, or antitussive properties. This work aimed to determine flavonoid content in red and green leaves of Bergenia crassifolia (L.) Fritsch, Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb. and Bergenia x ornata Guill. and their comparison with each other depending on the harvest period and climatic conditions. The samples were obtained from the botanical garden of the Faculty of Horticulture of Mendel University in Lednice. Flavonoid content was determined spectrophotometrically. The highest flavonoid content was measured in B. ciliata (1.1829 ±...

National Repository of Grey Literature : 186 records found   1 - 10nextend  jump to record:
Interested in being notified about new results for this query?
Subscribe to the RSS feed.