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Bronze industry of the Late and Final Bronze Age fromploughsoil in the borderland between eastern Bohemia andnorthwestern Moravia
Vích, David ; Jiráň, Luboš (advisor) ; Chvojka, Ondřej (referee) ; Salaš, Milan (referee)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze Filozofická fakulta Ústav pro archeologii Disertaèní práce Svazek I PhDr. David Vích Bronzová industrie mladší a pozdní doby bronzové z ornice na pomezí východních Èech a severozápadní Moravy Bronze industry of the Late and Final Bronze Age from ploughsoil in the borderland between eastern Bohemia and northwestern Moravia 2023 Vedoucí práce: doc. PhDr. Luboš Jiráò, CSc. Abstract: By means of detector prospecting in the agriculturally cultivated areas on the border of eastern Bohemia and north-western Moravia for the Late and Final Bronze Age, archaeological sources numbering almost one thousand pieces weighing more than 11 kg were collected in the years 2005-2015. The most frequent (33.5 %) is evidence of metalwork. This is followed by the category of tools (27.7%) with a significant proportion of needles (15.1%) and axes (7.8%) and jewellery (18.8%). 6.6% of artefacts belong to militaria. Other finding categories remain quite marginal. If we focus only on finds from the settlement sites, omitting evidence of metalwork, just under half of the artefacts recovered (42%) are tools, with a predominance of needles followed by axes, and more than a quarter of the artefacts recovered from the settlements are jewellery (27%), with a marked predominance of needles. Circular jewellery also...
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Copper in Eneolithic Bohemia
Dobeš, Miroslav ; Jiráň, Luboš (advisor) ; Bátora, Jozef (referee) ; Stuchlík, Stanislav (referee)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze Filozofická fakulta Ústav pro pravěk a ranou dobu dějinnou Miroslav Dobeš Měď v eneolitických Čechách Copper in Eneolithic Bohemia Disertační práce Abstract vedoucí práce - Doc. PhDr. Luboš Jiráň, CSc. 2012 Abstract Miroslav Dobeš: Copper in Eneolithic Bohemia. Copper artifacts are an important source of understanding for European prehistory, not only in terms of the development of new technologies, but also importantly as a means of social communication. The gradual perception of the copper objects from their initial importing to simple cold forging to pyrotechnological processes and culminating in the Early Bronze Age tin bronze alloys, can be observed already in the Near East at the end of the 9th Millenium B.C., in other words the Aceramic Neolithic (Çayönü Tepesi). Within Europe, there has been a rapid initial development of metalurgy in the Balkans, aproximatelly in the middle of the 5th Millenium B.C., in Central Europe this innovation has arrived sometime around 4000 B.C., or shortly afterwards. The present work is the first thorough analysis of the Czech Eneolithic copper industry, which is based largely on original documentation of findings and attempts to complete the synthesis of sources. From a chronological point of view, this work covers the entire period of the...
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Three chapters from the late aeneolithic and the early bronze age transition in the Central Europe
Limburský, Petr ; Jiráň, Luboš (advisor) ; Bátora, Jozef (referee) ; Ernée, Michal (referee)
AnotaceEN Petr Limburský: Tři kapitoly z problematiky konce eneolitu a počátku starší doby bronzové ve střední Evropě. / Three chapters from the Late Aeneolithic and the EarlyBronze Age Transition in the Central Europe/ Encompassing the inconsistence of period of the Late Aenelithic and beginnings of the Early Bronze Age that has been widely discussed in its entirety in the literature is limited on one side by the detailed analyses of archaeological materia! at the levels of regions or find collections, and by the existence of supra-regiona! models and interpretative schemes on the other. By using detailed insights into the above-mentioned issues, the submitted thesis can draw its attention mainly to the topics of chronology based on Radiocarbon dating, testimony of change of the grave equipment in the observed period of time, and properties of burial inventories. Moreover, results of field excavations conducted by the author of so-far the most extensive cemetery of the Bell- Beaker culture in Bohemia at Vlíněves, Mělník district, have been a!so introduced and utilized in this thesis. Three distinct milestones can be highlighted in development of the Radiocarbon dating method. Without questions, the fust one is represented by the enforcement of credibility, applicability, and relative universality of this...
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The utilization of 3D computer reconstruction visualizations in archaeology
Unger, Jiří ; Jiráň, Luboš (advisor) ; Ruttkay, Matej (referee) ; Wilczek, Josef (referee)
Mgr. Jiří Unger The utilization of 3D computer reconstruction visualizations in archaeology Abstract of dissertation thesis The visual presentation is in the field of archaeology one of the main communication media for conveying information and interpreting it. The recent introduction of digital technologies has brought a whole new dimension to archaeological visualisations. As a result of this development, they become three-dimensional, virtual, multifunctional and interactive. Technological development moreover has not only influenced the way how to retrieve and process the data, but greatly expanded as well the ability to simulate and visualize their different aspects in virtual environment. Since the beginning the virtual archaeology has been taken as direction that would bring new groundbreaking knowledge into the archaeology. However, the current situation is that 3D computer visualizations are just popular conference theme than a standard tool of archaeology as a science, and most works on virtual archaeology still needs to advocate the benefits of 3D visualizations. Therefore, the dissertation thesis try to deal with theoretical issues of preparation, organisation and analysis of input data in the process of creation of 3D reconstruction computer models, then with possible solutions of visualization...
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Amber in Bohemia in the Bronze Age
Tisucká, Marika ; Jiráň, Luboš (advisor) ; Bátora, Jozef (referee) ; Chvojka, Ondřej (referee)
Amber in Bohemia in the Bronze Age - Abstract Amber found in archeaological contexts like any sensitive instrument can show the total span of meanings of different historic, economic, cultural, cult, and social traditions and systems of values in the prehistoric Europe. The work synthetically analyzes and evaluates the presence of amber finds in Bohemia during the Bronze Age. Attention is devoted relations to sites and amber artefacts demonstrating the probable course of "amber route". On the path leading from the Baltic coast to the Balkans and Italy and further into the eastern Mediterranean seen as a string, or rather a network of relations, most malleable and flexible, distributed among communities, which is also subject while reflecting internal and external influences, changes and developments. It reflects new amber artefacts and new results of IR spectroscopy. Its results shows, that amber did not came to Bohemia only from the north - from Baltic region; its results proved also rumanit amber. Work is a comprehensive evaluation and interpretation of participation Bohemia in the distribution network of leading amber in the wider European area. Study of the amber and its distribution gives evidence, that there existed vivid exchange, based on variety of connections with distant region sof northern...
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Late Bronze Age in Aegean: Study in Historical Interpretations
Klontza, Věra ; Bouzek, Jan (advisor) ; Charvát, Petr (referee) ; Jiráň, Luboš (referee)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze Filozofická fakulta Ústav pro klasickou archeologii Věra Klontza (Jaklová) Studie k historickým interpretacím pozdní doby bronzové v Egejdě Late Bronze Age in Aegean: Study in Historical Interpretations ABSTRACT OF THESIS Vedoucí práce: Prof. PhDr. Jan Bouzek, DrSc. 2013 Abstract This dissertation deals with the main problems of historical interpretation of Late Bronze Age Aegean prehistory. Each chapter presents what is usually discussed as a special issue in contemporary bibliography. The environment of the region, its development and changes and the main approaches to enviromental studies are characterized in the introductory chapters. The chapter dedicated to the history of research, is of particular importance; "The truth of how archaeologists make discoveries, however, is far from the popular notion of random encounters and chance finds. We must take the time to examine the personalities and events leading up to these discoveries." (MacGillivray 2000, 11). The first issue to be dicussed is that of the absolute chronology of the early phases of the East Mediterranean, in particular the Aegean, Late Bronze Age. The resolution of this problem is crucial if synchronicity of events in individual regions, not only in the Mediterranean basin but also across Europe, is to be...
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Three chapters from the late aeneolithic and the early bronze age transition in the Central Europe
Limburský, Petr ; Jiráň, Luboš (advisor) ; Bátora, Jozef (referee) ; Ernée, Michal (referee)
AnotaceEN Petr Limburský: Tři kapitoly z problematiky konce eneolitu a počátku starší doby bronzové ve střední Evropě. / Three chapters from the Late Aeneolithic and the EarlyBronze Age Transition in the Central Europe/ Encompassing the inconsistence of period of the Late Aenelithic and beginnings of the Early Bronze Age that has been widely discussed in its entirety in the literature is limited on one side by the detailed analyses of archaeological materia! at the levels of regions or find collections, and by the existence of supra-regiona! models and interpretative schemes on the other. By using detailed insights into the above-mentioned issues, the submitted thesis can draw its attention mainly to the topics of chronology based on Radiocarbon dating, testimony of change of the grave equipment in the observed period of time, and properties of burial inventories. Moreover, results of field excavations conducted by the author of so-far the most extensive cemetery of the Bell- Beaker culture in Bohemia at Vlíněves, Mělník district, have been a!so introduced and utilized in this thesis. Three distinct milestones can be highlighted in development of the Radiocarbon dating method. Without questions, the fust one is represented by the enforcement of credibility, applicability, and relative universality of this...
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Copper in Eneolithic Bohemia
Dobeš, Miroslav ; Jiráň, Luboš (advisor) ; Bátora, Jozef (referee) ; Stuchlík, Stanislav (referee)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze Filozofická fakulta Ústav pro pravěk a ranou dobu dějinnou Miroslav Dobeš Měď v eneolitických Čechách Copper in Eneolithic Bohemia Disertační práce Abstract vedoucí práce - Doc. PhDr. Luboš Jiráň, CSc. 2012 Abstract Miroslav Dobeš: Copper in Eneolithic Bohemia. Copper artifacts are an important source of understanding for European prehistory, not only in terms of the development of new technologies, but also importantly as a means of social communication. The gradual perception of the copper objects from their initial importing to simple cold forging to pyrotechnological processes and culminating in the Early Bronze Age tin bronze alloys, can be observed already in the Near East at the end of the 9th Millenium B.C., in other words the Aceramic Neolithic (Çayönü Tepesi). Within Europe, there has been a rapid initial development of metalurgy in the Balkans, aproximatelly in the middle of the 5th Millenium B.C., in Central Europe this innovation has arrived sometime around 4000 B.C., or shortly afterwards. The present work is the first thorough analysis of the Czech Eneolithic copper industry, which is based largely on original documentation of findings and attempts to complete the synthesis of sources. From a chronological point of view, this work covers the entire period of the...
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Bronze Age Settlement at Kněževes near Prague
Smejtek, Lubor ; Bouzek, Jan (advisor) ; Podborský, Vladimír (referee) ; Jiráň, Luboš (referee)
The work is a general analysis and evaluation of the results of an extensive rescue excavation (2.939 features, out of which 1.470 were post and column holes), that was carried out by the Archaia company at the Kněževes site (Praha-západ district) in the year 1998. In an area of more than 10 ha, evidence of settlement in several prehistoric and historic periods was recorded (Neolithic, Eneolithic, Hallstatt period, Early La Tène, Hillfort period), however, it was particularly the Bronze Age, where the majority of the finds belong. An analysis from different viewpoints, supplemented with selective descriptive and visual documentation, represents the focal point of the submitted treatise. In the introductory part, there are described the progress and methods of excavation, the geomorphologic conditions, the subsoil and soil coverage on the site, as well as the expected vegetation in the area of interest on the basis of scientific analyses (macroremains, charcoal). Attention is paid also to the history of archaeological research within the cadastre of the current village of Kněževes and the neighbouring Kněžívka. From the beginning of the Bronze Age (the early phase of the Únětice culture) date 24 inhumation graves equipped with pottery and occasionally also with copper/bronze earrings. 16 features of...
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Velim - Skalka. A Bronze Age fortified site. Analysis of the Pottery Assemblage
Šumberová, Radka ; Pavlů, Ivan (advisor) ; Bouzek, Jan (referee) ; Jiráň, Luboš (referee)
Velim is one of the most important sites of the Bronze Age of Central Europe. The longterm investigations of the fortified site produced a large pottery assemblage which can serve as a basis for the study of the transition between the end of the Middle Bronze Age and the beginning of the Late Bronze Age in Central Bohemia. The aim of this study was to define the structure of Velim pottery assemblages recovered during the czech and british investigations of the site and to provide information on the metods used for its assesment and analysis. The basic statistical approaches applied to the analysis produced partial results which can, together with the analysis of further types of material and excavation context, contribute to the interpretation of the charakteristics and chronological position of the site. General results can be summarized as follows: definition of the structure of the pottery assemblage, recognition of trends in some charakteristics from individual find complexis, proposed chronological sequence of features, identification of the spatial variation across the site, and of shifts of functional areas, cultural clasification, analysis of the regional conditions. Keywords Bronze Age - fortified site - pottery - description system - cult
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