National Repository of Grey Literature 464 records found  1 - 10nextend  jump to record: Search took 0.02 seconds. 
Mycobacterium tuberculosis - structure and functions of the cell wall
Kukrálová, Simona ; Janďourek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Bioanalytical laboratory diagnostics in healthcare Candidate: Bc. Simona Kukrálová Supervisor: PharmDr. Ondřej Janďourek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Mycobacterium tuberculosis - structure and functions of the cell wall Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen that causes a disease called tuberculosis, which, along with other selected diseases, is still one of the leading causes of mortality in the world. It is estimated that more than a million people succumb to the disease each year. The remarkable structure of the cell wall of mycobacteria has a great influence on the treatment of tuberculosis itself, together with the ever-increasing incidence of multidrug- resistant and extensively resistant strains, especially in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The research of mycobacteria is given great attention. Efforts to find new substances with antimycobacterial effect acting on individual components of the cell wall, preferably on the cell wall as a complex, are actual and are part of national as well as international programs. Theoretical part of this diploma thesis deals with current knowledge about mycobacteria with emphasis on cell wall, epidemiology of tuberculosis...
Planktonic and biofilm form of pathogenic microorganisms - efficacy of disinfectants
Straková, Hana ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Author: Bc. Hana Straková Supervisor: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, PhD. Consultant: PharmDr. Jan Marek, PhD. Title: Planktonic and biofilm form of pathogenic microorganisms - effectiveness of disinfectants Diploma thesis Study program: Bioanalytical laboratory diagnostics in healthcare Introduction: Quaternary ammonium salts are widely used in the field of disinfection and antisepsis. Commonly used compounds on this basis include, for example: Benzoxonium chloride (Orofar), Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (Sanytol), Carbethopendecinium bromide (Septonex) and many other substances. Objectives: The aim of this diploma thesis was to test 10 substances of the quaternary ammonium salt type, divided into two groups using the microdilution broth method on selected bacterial strains and compare it with the standards used in practice. Furthermore, the selected compounds were evaluated for the ability to inhibit the growth of planktonic and biofilm form of the Staphylococcus aureus strain. Methods: The antimicrobial activity of 10 novel compounds divided into two groups according to the structure on eight bacterial strains was measured by the microdilution broth method: Staphylococcus aureus,...
Nutritional intake of vitamins in pregnant women.
Dvořáková, Karolína ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the issue of nutritional intake of lipophilic vitamins in pregnant women. The objective of the thesis is to analyze the intake of lipophilic vitamins in a selected group of Czech pregnant women within the three observed periods of pregnancy. Subsequently to compare these values with the recommended intakes, which are valid in the Czech Republic, and propose a possible optimization of intake. From February 2021 to January 2022 was evaluated the nutritional intake a total of 24 Czech pregnant women from Hradec Králové, at the age range 24-37 years, within the three observed periods of pregnancy. Pregnant women handed over filled in questionnaires every week, which recorded their daily intake of food and liquids, including their amount. Subsequently, the filled-in questionnaires were evaluated by the NutriDan nutrition program and the results were statistically processed by the Microsoft Excel program. The obtained values of daily intakes of pregnant women were compared with the recommended daily intakes of lipophilic vitamins, which are valid in the Czech Republic. The crucial finding of the thesis is that the intakes of lipophilic vitamins in observed pregnant women are not statistically significantly different between individual days of the week or between individual...
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination
Nguyenová, Quynh Trang ; Rathouská, Jana (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Background: The aim of this Bachelor thesis is to present to the reader the possibilities of vaccination against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes the COVID-19 disease. Describe the structure of the virus, etiopathogenesis of the disease and summarize information on individual types of vaccines. Main findings: Thanks to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, the virus is quickly recognized after intrusion into the body and massive immune response is ensured, which prevents the more serious or severe course of COVID-19. Conclusions: High vaccination coverage with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is the only way to stop the pandemic caused by this virus, protecting those in at-risk populations (seniors, paramedics) whom COVID-19 could be lethal. Key words: COVID-19 disease, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 vaccines
Current strategies of allergy therapy
Hrabalová, Kateřina ; Rathouská, Jana (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Laboratory diagnostics in healthcare Author: Kateřina Hrabalová Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Rathouská, Ph.D. Title: Current strategies of allergy therapy Background: Due to their increasing incidence and prevalence, allergies represent a problem of contemporary medicine. The aim of this work is to summarize basic information regarding allergies and to create a comprehensive overview of their treatment options. Main findings: There are several methods of treatment: identification and subsequent elimination of the allergen, pharmacotherapy, allergen immunotherapy and biological treatment with monoclonal antibodies. Patient education and regimen are also an essential part of treatment. The success of therapy lies in the most effective combination of treatment methods to ensure the quality life of the allergic patient with a minimum of problems. Conclusions: Information was sought on the immune system in relation to allergies, its physiological functions and pathological reactions involving the mechanism of the allergic reaction. An overview of the treatment options for allergic diseases was created with a focus on therapy in general. Keywords: allergy, treatment, pharmacotherapy,...
Comparison of subjective and instrumental evaluation of direct agglutination of anticardiolipin antibodies in the diagnosis of syphilis.
Ryšavá, Monika ; Rathouská, Jana (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Mgr. Monika Ryšavá Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Rathouská, Ph.D. Consultant: MUDr. Hana Zákoucká Title of Thesis: Comparison of subjective and instrumental evaluation of direct agglutination of anticardiolipin antibodies in the diagnosis of syphilis Background: The thesis consisted of a theoretical summary of information about the syphilis disease and its diagnosis. Furthermore, it consisted of an experimental part, the aim of which was to compare the evaluation results of manual and instrumental performance of the nontreponemal test. The evaluation was compared in three groups of patients. The first group consisted of patients with a recent diagnosis of syphilis, the second group consisted of patients already treated for syphilis, and the third group consisted of patients with a negative test for syphilis. Another aim was to evaluate the agreement of sorting the samples into negative and positive, regardless of the antibody titer. The aim was also to evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of the automatic RPR assessment using the AIX1000 analyzer. Methods: The study was performed at the National Syphilis Reference Laboratory with samples sent for confirmation. 170 samples were...
In vitro screening of potential antimycobacterial compounds against fast growing strains of Mycobacterium genus
Židková, Lenka ; Janďourek, Ondřej (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Study program: Specialist in Laboratory Methods Candidate: Bc. Lenka Lyčková Supervisor: PharmDr. Ondřej Janďourek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: In vitro screening of potential antimycobacterial compounds against fast growing strains of Mycobacterium genus The aim of this work is to determine the efficacy of new compounds for possible treatment of tuberculosis in the future. A microdilution broth method with already proven procedure on Mycobacterium aurum and Mycobacterium smegmatis strains was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of compounds. The theoretical part summarizes the epidemiological situation of recent years with global trends in the incidence and mortality of tuberculosis in the world and in the Czech Republic, including prospective plans for remediation in the time horizon. Mycobacteria are described in the main representation with M. tuberculosis. Tuberculosis disease - its history, forms, diagnosis and treatment with antituberculotics, which are divided according to the use lines, new drugs and drugs in development. The experimental part contains qualitative and quantitative methods of testing mycobacteria and captures the microdilution broth method used in...
Evaluation of the effectiveness of selected methodical approaches for disagregation of staphylococcal biofilm biomass
Nosková, Martina ; Konečná, Klára (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Subject of study: Bioanalytical laboratory diagnostics in healtcare Student: Bc. Martina Nosková Supervisor: RNDr. Klára Konečná, Ph.D. Title: Evalution of the effectiveness of selected methodical approaches for disagregation of staphylococcal biofilm biomass Background: Evaluation of the impact of selected biochemical and physical approaches on the disaggregation of the biofilm community formed by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. For the biochemical approach was chosen enzyme proteinase K, the impact of sonication, shaking with/without glass beads was studied within the physical approaches. Methods: Staphylococcal biofilm was formed in vitro in two methodical configurations - in the wells of a microtiter plate and on pegs (analogy to the Calgary Biofilm Device). To evaluate the degree of consistency of the obtained data, which reflects the homogenity of the biofilm biomass disaggeragation, the "recovery" method, and the method of metabolic activity evaluation, using the Alamar Blue indicator. To express the degree of effectiveness of the chosen approaches on the overall disaggregation of the biofilm community, the method of quantification of biofilm biomass by crystal violet staining was...
Profile of patiens suffering by vulvovaginal discomfort
Beláková, Nikola ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Author: Nikola Beláková Name of the thesis: Profile of patients suffering by vulvovaginal discomfort Diploma thesis Charles University in Prague, The faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Aim of the thesis: The aim of the thesis was to monitor the profiles of female patients with vulvovaginal discomfort, to define this group of patients in more detail, to compare them with a group of healthy women and to find the influence of individual risk factors. Methods: The observed group of women consisted of 91 patients and 35 healthy women in productive age. Women's health data were provided to us by a specialized clinic of vulvovaginal discomfort at the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinic of the University Hospital in Hradec Králové. For statistical evaluation of these data, we used tests from Microsoft Excel: two-sample t-test, Chi-square test and McNemar test. Results: By evaluating the provided data, we did not find statistically significant differences in the area of risk factors such as smoking, use of hormonal contraception, childbirth, allergic diseases and others. Thus, the study shows that it is mostly an idiopathic form of vulvovaginal discomfort. We also focused on the effect of previous treatment, with only therapy containing probiotics being statistically significant. We also found statistical...

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