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Premature mortality in selected developed countries: causes and trends
Dostál, Martin ; Burcin, Boris (advisor) ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (referee)
Premature mortality in selected developed countries: causes and trends Abstract The main goal of the thesis is to describe the overall development of premature mortality and evaluate the development of mortality according to selected groups of causes of death and age groups in selected developed countries of Europe between the years 1999 and 2018. The selected countries for work purposes include the Czechia, Hungary, Sweden, Italy and France. The limit of premature mortality is the age of 70 years. The methods used in this thesis are direct standardization and bivariate decomposition. The results of the analysis showed an improvement in mortality rates in all selected states during almost the entire monitored period. This is proven, for example, by the improvement of the temporary life expectancy between the exact ages of 0 and 70 years. The positive development of premature mortality was mainly contributed by an improvement in mortality from diseases of the circulatory system in older age groups and an improvement in mortality from neoplasms. Key words: premature mortality, causes of death, decomposition, developed countries, Europe
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Development and specificity of mortality from selected diseases affecting the respiratory system in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Czechia
Uherková, Adéla ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Burcin, Boris (referee)
Development and specificity of mortality from selected diseases affecting the respiratory system in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Czechia Abstract The main topic of this thesis is the development of mortality and its possible specifics for selected diseases affecting the human respiratory system in Czechia between 2000-2021, in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. For the purposes of the thesis, the causes of death were selected across the chapters of the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases published by the World Heatlth Organization. The analyzed causes of death included pneumonia, influenza, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, malignant neoplasm of the lung and bronchus and COVID-19 The first objective of this thesis is to evaluate the trends of mortality from selected diseases in our country over the last twenty- two years (2000-2021) in the context of the pandemic period. The second objective is to describe the seasonal distribution of deaths from a whole group of respiratory diseases, which is compared with the relative distribution of deaths from COVID-19. In the analytical part, the methods used were the standardized mortality rate, the bivariate decomposition of the change in life expectancy at birth, and the decomposition of the monthly time series of the number...
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Application of demographic analysis in human resources management: A Case study on elite floorball players
Baťková, Markéta ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Janáková Kuprová, Barbora (referee)
Application of demographic analysis in human resources management: A Case study on elite floorball players Abstract This bachelor's thesis focuses on the possibilities of how to apply demographic analysis in the field of human resources management. Part of the work is also a case study which focuses on elite floorball players. The goal of this thesis is to introduce the concept of human resource management in general and to describe the possibilities of applying demographic analysis to other than just ordinary human populations on a theoretical level. The objectives of the case study include, among other things, demonstrating the different career times between men and women. The case study uses individual data of the 100 historically best male floorball players and 100 historically best female floorball players in the Czech Republic. Among the main methods used in demography and human resource management and also in sports are the construction of life tables and survival analysis. In the case study, statistically significant differences were found in the duration of the careers between men and women and in the average ages at the end of the career and in the average ages of achieving indivually best season. Keywords Human Resource Management, Workplace Diversity, Age, Sports, Applied Demography, Life...
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Premature mortality - possibilities of analysis and basic international comparison
Brečkayová, Žaneta ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Lustigová, Michala (referee)
Premature mortality - possibilities of analysis and basic international comparison Abstract Premature mortality can be perceived in various ways in the present day. This study introduces basic approaches to premature mortality and discusses the most well-known methods employed by numerous significant international and regional organizations for public health analysis. The study primarily focuses on two commonly used indicators that collectively express the number of years lost due to premature mortality, describing their specific characteristics and main principles. These indicators are Years of Life Lost (YLLs) and Potential Years of Life Lost (YPLL). The study also includes the definition of avoidable and unavoidable mortality. In the practical part of the study, a comparison of selected methods for analyzing premature mortality is conducted using the examples of the Czechia and Slovakia in 2019. The results indicate that the specific choice of premature mortality definition and the method used for its calculation have a significant impact on the assessment of premature mortality levels. Key Words: Premature mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL), Years of Life Lost (YLLs), avoidable mortality, Czechia, Slovakia Number of characters without blank spaces: 71 260
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The effect of the covid-19 pandemic on the structure and level of mortality in the Czechia and Slovakia in the period 2020-2021
Houdek, Jakub ; Burcin, Boris (advisor) ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (referee)
The effect of the covid-19 pandemic on the structure and level of mortality in Czechia and Slovakia in the period 2020-2021 Abstract The aim of this bachelor thesis is a detailed analysis of the impact of pandemic covid-19 on the structure andlevelofmortalityintheCzechRepublicandSlovakiain2020and2021.Todeterminemortalitytrends, an analysis for the years 2012-2019 was also performed. The thesis uses mainly standardized mortality rates, life expectancy at birth and its decomposition by age groups and selected groups of causes of death. The data used came from the Czech Statistical Office and the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. Between 2012 and 2019, mortality rates decreased in both countries, especially for circulatory system diseases. The higher intensity of mortality in 2020 was mainly due to mortality from covid-19 in both countries, and to a lesser extent also to mortality from diseases of the circulatory system and, in the Czech Republic, to the group of other causes of death. In 2021, the level of mortality from covid-19 was at least two and a half times higher in both study countries compared to 2020. In the Czech Republic, mortality from most of the selected causes of death decreased in 2021, while in Slovakia mortality from circulatory...
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Excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 in selected Central European countries
Chlapec, Dominik ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Kulhánová, Ivana (referee)
Excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 in selected Central European countries Abstract The aim of this thesis is to compare excess mortality associated with the covid-19 pandemic in four Central European countries. The research focused on the years 2020 and 2021, during which the countries studies were most affected by the pandemic. Excess deaths and excess standardized mortality rates are used here for the international comparison. To calculate these indicators, it was first necessary to estimate the reference mortality levels, which were then compared with the recorded number of deaths and standardized mortality rates. Two models were used to estimate the reference mortality levels, which were based on weekly averages and Serfling's cyclical model. Based on these reference mortality levels, it was found that the highest increase of deaths compared to the expected number of deaths during the studied years occurred in Slovakia, while the lowest increase was recorded in Germany. Similar results were observed for other indicators, with higher overall excess mortality in Czechia and Slovakia and lower excess mortality in Germany and Austria. Differences in these results were observed when using the two different models. Keywords: covid-19, pandemic, excess mortality, Serfling model
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Development and specificity of mortality from selected diseases affecting the respiratory system in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Czechia
Uherková, Adéla ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Burcin, Boris (referee)
Development and specificity of mortality from selected diseases affecting the respiratory system in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Czechia Abstract The main topic of this thesis was the development of mortality and its possible specifics for selected diseases affecting the human respiratory system in Czechia between the years 2000 and 2021. For the purposes of the thesis, the causes of death were selected across the chapters of the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases published by the WHO. The analyzed causes of death included pneumonia, influenza, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (from Chapter X - Diseases of the respiratory system), malignant neoplasm of the lung and bronchus (from Chapter II - Neoplasms). The theoretical part of the thesis introduces the basic concepts related to the studied topic. The individual diseases studied are also described in more detail. The data used for the analysis were from the Czech Statistical Office and from the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic. In the analytical part, the methods used were the standardized mortality rate, the bivariate decomposition method of the change in life expectancy at birth between the observed years, and the decomposition of the monthly time series of the number of deaths was used for the...
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Population development in countries with the highest population growth rate
Janovský, Jan ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Kalibová, Květa (referee)
Population development in countries with the highest population growth rate Abstract The bachelor thesis focuses on the population development of the countries with the highest population growth rate in the period 1990-2020. The thesis aims to evaluate the population development of the countries with the highest population growth rate. For the selection of countries, an indicator of the crude rate of natural change of population is used, which excludes the influence of migration on population growth. One of the main goals of the work is, based on research, to find the factors that influence the population growth rate, and then evaluate the influence of these factors on selected countries. For the purpose of this work, the states of Mali and Niger were chosen, which rank among the countries with the highest population growth rate. The analytical part is based on data from the United Nations and the Demographic and Health Surveys. The results of this work confirm the third phase of the demographic transition in Mali and Niger, thus confirming the continuation of the reduction of fertility in these countries. According to the analysis of factors affecting total fertility rate, significant differences in the education and wealth of families were found, which were significantly reflected in the demographic...
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Gender differences in mortality from cardiovascular diseases in Europe
Trčková, Tereza ; Kulhánová, Ivana (advisor) ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (referee)
Genderdifferencesinmortalityfromcardiovascular diseases inEurope Abstract This thesis aims to analyze the difference in cardiovascular disease mortality between men and women in 21 selected European countries in the period 2001-2019. The intensity of gender differences across the selected countries is examined. With a stronger emphasis, the position of the Czech Republic within Europe is evaluated. To examine gender differences in cardiovascular mortality, the thesis uses standardized cause-specific mortality rates and a comparison of actual life expectancy with hypothetical life expectancy when cardiovascular mortality is suppressed for each country. Cluster analysis is used to identify how countries cluster together based on their similarity of health determinants. The results of the analysis showed that differences between men and women are present in all selected countries. The largest differences are found in Eastern and Central European countries.
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Mortality from most common cancer types in Czechia and neighbouring countries
Schůt, Martin ; Altová, Anna (advisor) ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (referee)
Mortality from most common cancer types in Czechia and neighbouring countries Abstract The main topic of this thesis is a comprehensive analysis of the development of mortality from the most common cancers in the Czech Republic and neighbouring countries. The main focus of the work is on the identification of the most important types of cancer in individual populations and on the analysis of the level and evolution of the intensity of mortality from these diseases between 2000 and 2019. The overall analysis is carried out in order to reflect the major trends of recent developments by comparing the situation in selected countries. In terms of mortality trends, the work focuses primarily on the most important risk factors that contribute most significantly to the increase in mortality intensity. The thesis also addresses changes in the basic structure of the most important cancer types, taking into account regional differences between countries. Keywords: mortality, cancer, mortality rate, Malignant neoplasm
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