National Repository of Grey Literature 226 records found  1 - 10nextend  jump to record: Search took 0.01 seconds. 
The influence of physical activity on energy metabolism parameters of pregnant and lactating women
Molitorisová, Tamara ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
8 2. ABSTRACT Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Tamara Imrichová Supervisor: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title of master thesis: The influence of physical activity on energy metabolism parameters of pregnant and lactating women Background: The aim of our work was to compare changes in the parameters of energy metabolism and then evaluate the relationship between these parameters and the parameters of physical activity of pregnant and lactating women. Methods: Evaluation of energy metabolism was carried out by the method of indirect calorimetry. The calorimeter can estimate the resting energy expenditure (REE) and oxidation of individual nutritional substrates (after determining the amount of nitrogen excreted in the urine). To determine the parameters of physical activity, women were given to complete a 7 days questionnaire, which was evaluated on the basis of recalculation using metabolic equivalents. Results: In our study, we observed an increase in REE during pregnancy in the third trimester and an increase in volume of oxygen consumption (VO2) and volume of carbon dioxide production (VCO2) compared to lactating women. The values of respiratory and non-protein respiratory quotient remained unchanged. In case of oxidation...
Individualized feeding of premature babies in practice
Kotíková, Aneta ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the individualized feeding of preterm infants. The aim of this work was to evaluate the benefits of orofacial stimulation and to compare the values with a group of premature newborns who were fed standardly, without any intervention. The measurement took place in three periods of the child's life. When being discharged from the maternity hospital, in the 1st and 2nd years of life. Evaluation parameters included length of hospitalization, diet at discharge, at 12 and 24 months, and anthropometric parameters such as BMI, weight-height ratio, head circumference, and body length. Orofacial stimulation always took place before each breastfeeding during hospitalization. In the monitored period, statistically significant changes were recorded in the days of hospitalization, diet at discharge, and at 12 and 24 months in preterm infants. Breastfeeding difficulties were significantly reduced after orofacial stimulation. However, the study did not show significant differences in orofacial stimulation on anthropometric parameters. It follows that orofacial stimulation does not affect the growth of the newborn, it only supports and improves the quality of breastfeeding. In summary, it can be said that the orofacial stimulation method is an effective form of breastfeeding support...
Nutritional intake of vitamins in pregnant women.
Dvořáková, Karolína ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the issue of nutritional intake of lipophilic vitamins in pregnant women. The objective of the thesis is to analyze the intake of lipophilic vitamins in a selected group of Czech pregnant women within the three observed periods of pregnancy. Subsequently to compare these values with the recommended intakes, which are valid in the Czech Republic, and propose a possible optimization of intake. From February 2021 to January 2022 was evaluated the nutritional intake a total of 24 Czech pregnant women from Hradec Králové, at the age range 24-37 years, within the three observed periods of pregnancy. Pregnant women handed over filled in questionnaires every week, which recorded their daily intake of food and liquids, including their amount. Subsequently, the filled-in questionnaires were evaluated by the NutriDan nutrition program and the results were statistically processed by the Microsoft Excel program. The obtained values of daily intakes of pregnant women were compared with the recommended daily intakes of lipophilic vitamins, which are valid in the Czech Republic. The crucial finding of the thesis is that the intakes of lipophilic vitamins in observed pregnant women are not statistically significantly different between individual days of the week or between individual...
Evaluation of oxidation of nutritional substrates during pregnancy.
Huličiarová, Klaudia ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
Background The aim of this diploma thesis was to determine and evaluate changes in resting energy expenditure and oxidation of nutritional substrates, then to assess connections with other parameters and to compare these results with other conducted studies. Methods Indirect calorimetry was used to determine resting energy expenditure and oxidation of nutritional substrates. Measurements of pregnant women took place after a 12-hour fast in three periods of pregnancy. The first period between 17.-27. week of pregnancy, the second between 28.-35. weeks of pregnancy and the last during the 36th-38th week of pregnancy. Results The results of the work point to significantly increasing values of respiratory quotients (p = 0.022) and carbohydrate oxidation (p = 0.015) with the length of pregnancy, and to statistically significant correlations between the oxidation of nutritional substrates and the values of RQ, NPRQ, the volume of excreted urine, the amount of creatinine, urea and nitrogen in the excreted urine. Conclusions In this work, an increase in respiratory quotient values and carbohydrate oxidation during pregnancy was confirmed. However, the suspension of the study due to the Covid situation caused a decrease in the number of pregnant women followed and the necessary results. Key words:...
Evaluation of the prediction of body composition measured by dual bioimpedance compared with bioimpedance spectroscopy.
Žídková, Natálie ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
KATEDRA BIOLOGICKÝCH A LÉKAŘSKÝCH VĚD Hodnocení predikce tělesné kompozice měřené bioimpedanční Natálie Žídková Vedoucí diplomové práce: doc. PharmDr. Miloslav Hronek, Ph.D. HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ, 2022/2023 ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to evaluate the prediction of body composition by the method of dual bioimpedance analysis in relation to the prediction of body composition by the method of spectroscopic bioimpedance analysis. Five pregnant women (first-time mothers) with a physiologically ongoing pregnancy were included in the study. Each of them participated in three examinations, specifically in the period between 17.-27. week of pregnancy, 28.-35. week of pregnancy and the 36th-38th week of pregnancy. A Tanita RD-953 personal digital scale (Tanita Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) representing dual bioimpedance analysis and a BCM - Body Composition Monitor (Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg, Germany) representing spectroscopic bioimpedance analysis were used for measurements. The measurement results were compared by statistical analysis. No significant differences were found between the BIA and BIS measurements by the Wilcoxon test. In contrast, the Bland-Altman test found statistically significant differences in the measurement of body fat in the first and second follow-up periods, as well as in the...
Evaluation of spirometric parameters of lactating women
Janovská, Barbora ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Background The aim of the study was to evaluate the change of basic spirometric parameters (both their absolute values and relative in percentage of the predicted value) during breastfeeding and to determine the factors related to these changes. Methods Spirometric parameters were measured with an Otthon spirometer and subsequently evaluated with ThorSoft computer software. Spirometry is one of the fast and non-invasive tests of lung function. Ten lactating women participated in the study and were subjected to spirometry four times during the postpartum period. The first examination took place 1 month after childbirth, the second examination 3 months after childbirth, the third examination 6 months after childbirth and the last examination 9 months after childbirth. Results We found no statistically significant difference in the observed spirometric parameters, one-second vital capacity (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and Tiffeneau index (FEV1/FVC) between the periods. In all periods studied, the values corresponded to the physiological range (85 - 115 % of the predicted value). From the Tiffeneau index values (over 80 %), the presence of airway obstruction in the investigated lactating women can be excluded. Correlation analysis showed positive and negative...
Composition of body fluids in women during pregnancy
Bardová, Petra ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
The aim of this work was to measure and evaluate the amount of body fluids of pregnant women during pregnancy and its link with other monitored parameters. The Bioimpedance spectroscopy method used the Body Composition Monitor from Fresenius Medical Care in order to collect data on body fluid status in ten pregnant women enrolled in a longitudinal clinical study conducted in collaboration with the Faculty of Pharmacy of Charles University and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University Hospital in Hradec Králové. The device measured bioimpedance on 50 frequencies in the range from 5 KHz to 1000 KHz and all women underwent a total of three examinations in specified periods (week 17-27, 28-35 and 36-38 week of pregnancy). During each measurement, main focus was compliance with standard conditions and correct execution. During the study period, statistically significant changes in body fluid volumes were observed in women. The median total body water (TBW) volume increased by 3.8 l, the median extracellular water (ECW) volume by 1.4 l and the median intracellular water (ICW) volume increased by 2.3 l. The increase in body fluids was accompanied by a decrease in resistance values. Decrease in values during pregnancy was also shown in the overhydration parameter. Spearman's correlation...
The resting energy need in pregnant women
Volavka, Pavel ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
Background The aim of this work was to determine the resting energy expenditure (REE) of pregnant women using indirect calorimetry. Find connections with other monitored parameters and compare the result with similar studies. Methods The resting energy expenditure was calculated by oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production by indirect calorimetry. Indirect calorimetry was performer under a canopy at rest in bed, without disturbing elements, and after 12hours of fasting. The study involved 10 healthy pregnant women. The measurements during pregnancy were taken three times (21.-27., 31.-32., 36.-37. week). Results We found that resting energy expenditure increased with the length of pregnancy. The median of the REE on each examination was on the first measurement 1412 kcal/day, on the second measurement 1697 kcal/day, and the last measurement 1902 kcal/day. We found a statistically significant correlation of REE with body weight and REE with fat-free mass (FFM). Conclusion Pregnancy is a difficult process with many changes in a women's body. The study confirmed an increase of the REE with a maximum at the end of pregnancy. The results show that the estimated values of the REE and the measured values of the REE were different. Key words: Resting energy need, Pregnancy
Evaluation of spirometric parameters of pregnant women
Kočvarová, Martina ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department od Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Martina Kočvarová Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Evaluation of spirometric parameters of pregnant women Background The aim of the thesis is evaluation of the variances in spirometric parameters (both their absolute values and relative in percentage of the predicted value) at different stages of pregnancy and determination the factors related to these changes. Methods The values of spirometric parameters were detected by measurement using the spirometer Otthon and then evaluated by software Thorsoft. Spirometric measurement is a non-invasive and simple measurement of lung function. In the study involving 10 pregnant women, the spirometric measurements were performed three times at different stages of pregnancy. The first measurement was in the 20th - 27th, the second in the 29th - 35th and the third in the 36th - 38th week of pregnancy. Results We observed significant difference of peak expiratory flow in percentage of the predicted value, namely the decrease of 7 % during measurement in the 36th - 38th week of pregnancy compared to the values from measurement in the 29th - 35th week of pregnancy. Other monitored parameters did not...
The influence of physical activity on body composition parameters of pregnant and lactating women
Skoncová, Damiána ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Damiána Skoncová Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title of master thesis: The influence of physical activity on body parameters of pregnant and lactating women The main target of my diploma was to compare body composition parameters of women in pregnancy and in the lactation. Then, after all these findings determine the impact of physical activity to body composition parameters which we measured by bioimpedance analysis. Data about physical activity we obtained by questionnaire from women before every measurement. Study attended 10 pregnant primiparous women, who have a physiological pregnancy. Study continued in the lactation. Overall we did 8 examinations - 2 examinations in period of gravidity, this were followed by examination on the day of birth, next one on day after birth and last 4 examinations in period of lactation. Body composition parameters were determined on devices, which work on basis of bioimpedance analysis. This method evaluates body composition via weak electric current, which passes through body during measurement. Different tissues show different resistance toward this weak current. Bioimpedance analysis turned out to be as fast,...

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