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Air quality index - a tool for ambient air quality assessment
Stráník, Vojtěch ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Matějíček, Luboš (referee)
7 Abstract Air pollution has a great impact on human health, with acute consequences possibly resulting even in death. It is therefore important to inform the public about up-to-date air quality and its impact on health in a simple and easily undestandable way. Air quality indices seems to be ideal for this purpouse, but there is large variety of them. In this master thesis, the air quality index most suitable for the capital city of Prague has been searched for. A comparison of the following indices has been carried out based on available data: of following indicies based on avaible data (concentration of O3, PM10, NO2, SO2 a CO): Air Quality Index, Aggregate Air Quality Index, Revised Air Quality Index, Common Air Quality Index a Pollution Index and their modifications according to european standards. As a criterion of aptness of a particular index, a degree of correlation between the index itself and corresponding health problems (daily count of deaths, daily count of deaths caused by diseases of the respiratory system, daily count of deaths caused by diseases of circulatory system, daily count of hospitalization caused by diseases of the respiratory system, daily count of hospitalization caused by diseases of circulatory system) of the local population has been chosen. This relationship was verified...
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Frequency and composition of fog in the Czech Republic
Esterlová, Jana ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Stráník, Vojtěch (referee)
This thesis deals with the occurrence of fog in The Czech Republic and its composition. It engages in current status and also historical evolution (since about the second half of 20th century). The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part is the research of the professional literature, which sums up the results of realized studies, explains terms connected with fog and describes methods used for fog quantification. The second part contains results of my own study for the city station Prague-Libuš (1971-2015) and mountain station Churáňov (Šumava, 1961- 2015). The fog is an often underestimated phenomenon, which has provable influence on water balance and contributes to the atmospheric deposition, especially in mountain ranges, where the occurrence is higher. The composition of fog is being changed during the observed time. The amplest ions are in most cases NO3 - , NH4 + , SO4 2- , Cl- a Ca2+ . In connection with decreasing general air pollution shows, it goes also to reduction the concentrations of pollutants in the fog. Because of the lower content of these particles the occurrence of fog might be also lower in the cities and former highly-polluted regions caused by the lower number of condensation nuclei, which is noticeable on Prague-Libuš. In connection with global warming there are...
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Application of diffusive samplers for ambient ozone measurements
Cepáková, Šárka ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Přibil, Rudolf (referee)
Diffuse sampling is based on free flow of analyte molecules from the sampled medium to a collecting medium. This method is used for quantifying ambient, gaseous air pollutant concentrations. Diffuse monitoring offers a geographical concentration distribution. It is available choice for measuring ambient ozone. Today, tropospheric ozone belongs to the most problematic pollutants in the atmosphere. And thatś why it is useful to monitor spatial and temporal variations in the amount of this pollutant. The offer of diffuse samplers for monitoring ambient ozone concentration is wide enough - the most widely used samplers are for example Gradko, Ogawa, Radiello or IVL.
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Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen - application of stable isotopes
Hanzlová, Barbora ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Hovorka, Jan (referee)
Human impact on particular parts of ecosystems has become a highly discussed topic. Due to different isotopic values of nitrogen, it is possible to evaluate the extent to which human influences the natural nitrogen cycle, using isotope measurements. Stable isotope measurement has been used in various scientific disciplines around the world. This thesis summarizes the findings about atmospheric deposition and the subsequent use of stable nitrogen isotopes. The objective of this work was to gather the information about the use of stable isotopes in the study of the atmospheric deposition and how to make better use of the information obtained from the measurements. Based on the literature review, it has been found that, unlike other countries, nitrate substances such as NH3 and HNO3 are not measured in the Czech Republic, which distorts the data on the nitrogen produced. The use of stable isotopes is a convenient method of measuring both not yet quantified substances as well as already measured substances contributing to atmospheric deposition. The stable isotope measurement method represents an improvement for the overall estimation of atmospheric deposition to provide more realistic values compared to the current approach. Key words: atmospheric deposition, nitrogen, stable isotopes
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Trends in composition of atmospheric precipitation and deposition in Europe
Šimková, Petra ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Maznová, Jana (referee)
This bachelor thesis describes the historical development of emissions and their associated composition of atmospheric precipitation and atmospheric deposition in Europe. It is the work with review character, which summarizes and evaluates current knowledge of the majority components of atmospheric deposition. It relies particularly on articles and a summary reports of monitoring networks devoted to the large time horizon. At the beginning part of this work are defined the major components of atmospheric deposition. In another part is described composition of atmospheric precipitation, sampling dry and wet deposition and subsequent chemical analysis. The main part is devoted to evaluate the development of emission and sputtering of the main trends of acidifying compounds, and basic cations in Europe. Emission and deposition trends are divided into time periods, which were defined in relation to the development of historical, political or economic situation. Another criterion in the evaluation of trends in the composition of atmospheric precipitation and atmospheric deposition was the State's geographical position within Europe. There are summarized the results of studies on the deposition trends across Europe, but the main attention is devoted to the differences between Western and Eastern Europe...
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Air quality in schools
Hromádka, Jiří ; Braniš, Martin (advisor) ; Hůnová, Iva (referee)
A lot of scientific articles were published about the indoor air quality during the last decade. It is proven that high concentrations of particulate matter and problems connected with poor ventilation conditions can cause health effects to people who are sensitive to them. Children are one of the groups at risk. They spend a lot of time at home and also at school, so the air quality at schools is an important issue. This work contains a review of scientific papers concerning this issue. It discusses the factors influencing indoor air quality, mainly concentration of particulate matter and carbon dioxide. Other factors were also chosen: the age of the school building and its location, the seasonality, the number and level of activity of pupils, floor carpeting and the amount of air circulation in the classrooms. The preliminary study tries to prove these theories. The concentration of PM10 and CO2, the temperature and the relative humidity were measured in three classrooms at one primary school in Prague. The results show that higher concentration of particulate matter is correlated with higher level of activity of pupils. Also poor ventilation leads to the higher concentration of carbon dioxide and poor air quality. It was proven that there is a minimal correlation between indoor and outdoor...
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