National Repository of Grey Literature 11 records found  1 - 10next  jump to record: Search took 0.00 seconds. 
Cis and trans elements in plant response to drought (with a particular focus on photosynthetic genes)
Panchártek, Daniel ; Holá, Dana (advisor) ; Feketová, Zuzana (referee)
Abiotic stresses, such as drought, high salinity and cold can strongly affect plant development and growth. Cis and trans elements are one of the options how plants regulate their own metabolism in those cases. That's the way how the expression of many target genes is induced. The products of these genes function not only in stress tolerance but also in general stress response. Many transcription factors and regulatory proteins (trans elements) are involved in these adaptions; those often interact with specific sequences in gene promoters (cis elements). Recenly, a progress has been made in analyzing the signal paths and complex cascades of gene expression regulation, although a little is still known about this regulation during drought conditions. Some of these target genes code products participating in photosyntesis and the regulation of their expression can significantly affect this process. This essay briefly describes main cis and trans elements of plant response to drought (with a particular focus on the regulation of photosyntetic genes). Keywords: drought, gene expression, cis-element, transcription factor, abcisic acid, photosyntesis, promoter.
mTORC1 complex function in regulation of translation initiation
Holásková, Lucie ; Feketová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Čáp, Michal (referee)
My bachelor thesis deals with the effect of mTOR pathway to different processes in the cell. In particular, it focuses on the influence of translation initiation. mTOR protein is part of two complexes, which occur in different organisms - mTORC1 and mTORC2. Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) plays an important role in controlling translation initiation. The activity of eIF4E protein is regulated by family of repressor 4E-binding proteins (4E-BPs). Linking these proteins to eIF4E is regulated by their phosphorylation state. For the release of 4E-BP1 from eIF4E, phosphorylation must occur at four phosphorylation sites (Thr37, Thr46, Ser65 and Thr70). The study also covers some of the other events that occur in the mTOR pathway.
Aptamers affecting eIF4F subunits
Kopperová, Dana ; Feketová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Schierová, Michaela (referee)
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F comprises of three subunits - eIF4A, eIF4G and eIF4E. These subunits play a key role in translation initiation. On its surface eIF4G binds other translation factors. eIF4A is RNA dependent helicase that is crucial for translation initiation. Affinity of eIF4E towards cap is enhanced if it is in complex with eIF4G. Specific molecules with high affinity were prepared by Selex. These molecules that bind various surfaces and different molecules in the cell are called aptamers. Aptamer binding eIF4A inhibits ATP hydrolysis. Activity of eIF4G may be affected by more aptamers but all resulting in translation inhibition. Aptamer binding eIF4E also inhibits translation by hindering cap binding. All of these translation factors may be detected in non-standard values in tumors. Aptamers against these proteins might bring a solution in the tumor treatment.
To cap or not to cap? Eukaryotic translation initiation with a special interest in human opportunistic pathogen C. albicans
Feketová, Zuzana ; Pospíšek, Martin (advisor) ; Půta, František (referee) ; Vanáčová, Štěpánka (referee)
Candida albicans belongs to serious human opportunistic pathogens, causing severe health complications to immunocompromised patients. To my best knowledge, it is the only organism that survives with unmethylated cap structures found on the 5'ends of mRNA molecules. Using functional assay, I demonstrated that orf19.7626 codes for C. albicans translation initiation factor 4E (Ca4E). We couldn't prove our hypothesis, that Ca4E could be responsible for the unmethylated cap recognition in our model organism S. cerevisiae. Candida sp. possesses also another rather unusual feature - ambiguous CUG codon. In most of the cases, CUG is decoded as a serine, but sometimes also as a leucine. This gives rise to a so called "statistical proteome". One CUG codon is also part of the mRNA coding for Ca4E protein, therefore two versions of Ca4E-Ca4ELeu and Ca4ESer -might occur in C. albicans simultaneously. Both of them are able to rescue deletion of S. cerevisiae eIF4E gene, but they confer temperature sensitivity to the heterologous host. This phenotype is more pronounced with the Ca4ELeu version. We observed milder temperature sensitive phenotype after co-expression of Ca4E together with C. albicans eIF4G (Ca4G). Conformational coupling between eIF4E and eIF4G leads to enhanced affinity of eIF4E to the cap...
mTORC1 complex function in regulation of translation initiation
Holásková, Lucie ; Feketová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Čáp, Michal (referee)
My bachelor thesis deals with the effect of mTOR pathway to different processes in the cell. In particular, it focuses on the influence of translation initiation. mTOR protein is part of two complexes, which occur in different organisms - mTORC1 and mTORC2. Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) plays an important role in controlling translation initiation. The activity of eIF4E protein is regulated by family of repressor 4E-binding proteins (4E-BPs). Linking these proteins to eIF4E is regulated by their phosphorylation state. For the release of 4E-BP1 from eIF4E, phosphorylation must occur at four phosphorylation sites (Thr37, Thr46, Ser65 and Thr70). The study also covers some of the other events that occur in the mTOR pathway.
Cis and trans elements in plant response to drought (with a particular focus on photosynthetic genes)
Panchártek, Daniel ; Holá, Dana (advisor) ; Feketová, Zuzana (referee)
Abiotic stresses, such as drought, high salinity and cold can strongly affect plant development and growth. Cis and trans elements are one of the options how plants regulate their own metabolism in those cases. That's the way how the expression of many target genes is induced. The products of these genes function not only in stress tolerance but also in general stress response. Many transcription factors and regulatory proteins (trans elements) are involved in these adaptions; those often interact with specific sequences in gene promoters (cis elements). Recenly, a progress has been made in analyzing the signal paths and complex cascades of gene expression regulation, although a little is still known about this regulation during drought conditions. Some of these target genes code products participating in photosyntesis and the regulation of their expression can significantly affect this process. This essay briefly describes main cis and trans elements of plant response to drought (with a particular focus on the regulation of photosyntetic genes). Keywords: drought, gene expression, cis-element, transcription factor, abcisic acid, photosyntesis, promoter.
Aptamers affecting eIF4F subunits
Kopperová, Dana ; Schierová, Michaela (referee) ; Feketová, Zuzana (advisor)
Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F comprises of three subunits - eIF4A, eIF4G and eIF4E. These subunits play a key role in translation initiation. On its surface eIF4G binds other translation factors. eIF4A is RNA dependent helicase that is crucial for translation initiation. Affinity of eIF4E towards cap is enhanced if it is in complex with eIF4G. Specific molecules with high affinity were prepared by Selex. These molecules that bind various surfaces and different molecules in the cell are called aptamers. Aptamer binding eIF4A inhibits ATP hydrolysis. Activity of eIF4G may be affected by more aptamers but all resulting in translation inhibition. Aptamer binding eIF4E also inhibits translation by hindering cap binding. All of these translation factors may be detected in non-standard values in tumors. Aptamers against these proteins might bring a solution in the tumor treatment.

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