National Repository of Grey Literature 6 records found  Search took 0.00 seconds. 
Peripheral metabolism of glucocoricoids in immune cells
Ergang, Peter ; Pácha, Jiří (advisor) ; Kalous, Martin (referee) ; Teisinger, Jan (referee)
4 Abstract Glucocorticoids are hormones that regulate a variety of homeostatic processes including metabolism, cell proliferation, differentiation and immune functions, including inflammation. Acute inflammatory response is associated with an increase in glucocorticoid levels via the stimulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of the hypothalamo- pituitary-adrenal axis. Within target cells or tissues the glucocorticoid action depends not only on the plasma level of the hormone, its receptors and receptor-effector coupling, but also on the local metabolism of glucocorticoids. Two distinct types of this enzyme have been cloned and characterized. Type 1 (11HSD1) is a NADP+ (H)-dependent enzyme whose reductase activity predominates in intact cells. This enzyme activates cortisol and corticosterone from their 11-keto derivatives and thus increases the local concentration of active glucocorticoid. In contrast, type 2 (11HSD2) requires NAD+ as a co-substrate and possesses only dehydrogenase activity, thereby inactivating endogenous glucocorticoid hormones. We have demonstrated that inflammation (arthritis or experimental colitis) is accompanied by elevated 11-reductase activity and the expression of 11HSD1 mRNA, moreover in the case of colitis also with a decrease in the expression of 11HSD2....
Local steroidogenesis in peripheral tissues and its regulation
Langová, Veronika ; Ergang, Peter (advisor) ; Hudcovic, Tomáš (referee)
The innate and adaptive immune processes are modulated by hormones including glucocorticoids and by microbiota. The exact mechanisms underlying the microbial and hormonal contributions to this control are not completely clear. Present study is therefore focused to crosstalk between microbiota and de novo biogenesis or local regeneration of glucocorticoids. In particular, the study analysed the effect of commensal microbiota on expression of genes encoding steroidogenic enzymes (Star, Cyp11a1, Hsd3b1, Cyp21a1, Cyp11b1) and regeneration of glucocorticoids (Hsd11b1) in adrenal glands, colon, spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes using conventional and germ-free mice. The expression of all 5 components of steroidogenesis was identified only in the adrenal gland and colon, whereas the lymphoid organs expressed predominantly Star, Cyp11a1 and Hsd3b1 indicating the ability to produce only progesterone but not corticosterone. Microbiota decreased the expression of Star in all studied tissues but the expression of other genes was insensitive to microbiota or did not respond homogenously depending on the tissue and gene. Hsd11b1 expression was upregulated by microbiota in the spleen but not in other tissues. Similarly, the in vitro treatment of immune cells isolated from mesenteric lymph nodes by microbial...
Proteomic study of the dentin-enamel junction layer.
Kolrosová, Marta ; Jágr, Michal (advisor) ; Ergang, Peter (referee)
This thesis deals with the analysis of the dentin-enamel junction layer in human third molar teeth. Three different methods of analysis were tested. In the first one teeth were demineralized in EDTA buffer to release the protein layer DEJ. In the other two cases thin slils of dental tissue were preparedand from them the DEJ layer was cut using laser microdissection. Severals methods were tested for extraction of proteins from DEJ samples (for comparsio also from dentin and enamel samples). Extracted proteins were cleavaged into peptides with trypsin. Subsequently, peptides were purified by Stage tips and analyzed by nLC MS/ MS. Using the optimal method over 40 different proteins, for example: apolipoproteins, vimentin, vitronectin, clusterin, biglycan weres found in the sample DEJ. Keywords: proteomics, dentin-enamel junction, laser microdissection, mass spectrometry
The role of the gastrointestinal hormones in the control of energy homeostasis
Myšáková, Michaela ; Horáková, Olga (advisor) ; Ergang, Peter (referee)
Zachování tělesné homeostázy vyžaduje precizní komunikaci mezi všemi buňkami organismu. Velkou měrou k tomu přispívají gastrointestinální hormony, které jsou významnými signálními molekulami a podílejí se na distribuci i zpracování přijatých živin. Každý h typem buněk a jeho sekrece je regulována v závislosti na přítomnosti konkrétních nutrientů. Vzhledem rozdílné anatomii jednotlivých částí gastrointestinálního traktu, je lokalizace buněk produkujících šná. Účinky gastrointestinálních hormonů jsou rozmanité a hrají důležitou roli energetické kontrole organismu. Některé hormony (gastrin) působí jen lokálně, naproti tomu jiné (inkretiny, ghrelin) jsou zapojeny do signalizace přes centrální i periferní ne do signalizace nervové soustavy umožňuje těmto hormonům podílet se na regulaci pocitu hladu a mnoha onemocněními. V důsledku nevyváženého příjmu živin (například při nadměrném příjmu lipidů nebo sacharidů) dochází narušení některé ze složek hormonálního regulačního systému a následně vzniku onemocnění. Nejznámějšími onemocněními, vzniklými v důsledku nutriční a následně hormonální dysbalance, jsou například inzulínová rezi hormony je naprosto klíčová pro zachování lipidového metabolismu i glukózové homeostázy. Klíčová slova:
Peripheral metabolism of glucocoricoids in immune cells
Ergang, Peter ; Pácha, Jiří (advisor) ; Kalous, Martin (referee) ; Teisinger, Jan (referee)
4 Abstract Glucocorticoids are hormones that regulate a variety of homeostatic processes including metabolism, cell proliferation, differentiation and immune functions, including inflammation. Acute inflammatory response is associated with an increase in glucocorticoid levels via the stimulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of the hypothalamo- pituitary-adrenal axis. Within target cells or tissues the glucocorticoid action depends not only on the plasma level of the hormone, its receptors and receptor-effector coupling, but also on the local metabolism of glucocorticoids. Two distinct types of this enzyme have been cloned and characterized. Type 1 (11HSD1) is a NADP+ (H)-dependent enzyme whose reductase activity predominates in intact cells. This enzyme activates cortisol and corticosterone from their 11-keto derivatives and thus increases the local concentration of active glucocorticoid. In contrast, type 2 (11HSD2) requires NAD+ as a co-substrate and possesses only dehydrogenase activity, thereby inactivating endogenous glucocorticoid hormones. We have demonstrated that inflammation (arthritis or experimental colitis) is accompanied by elevated 11-reductase activity and the expression of 11HSD1 mRNA, moreover in the case of colitis also with a decrease in the expression of 11HSD2....
Single cell expression analysis of genes with potential mrna gradient in mouse oocytes
Dorosh, Andriy ; Margaryan, Hasmik ; Vodička, Martin ; Ergang, Peter ; Šídová, Monika ; Dvořáková-Hortová, Kateřina
In frogs, there are clearly visible differently pigmented animal and vegetal poles of the egg determined before fertilization and leading to asymmetrical divisions. Mammalian egg does not show any comparable differentiation and it has been generally accepted that even the individual blastomeres in 2-cell and 4-cell embryos are homogenous. However, recent findings suggest that those blastomeres display different gene expression patterns and might already possess some inclinations to specific cell lineages. We therefore raised a question, whether there could be any mRNA or protein gradients in pre-fertilization oocytes similar to a previously described amphibian egg one. In mammalian eggs, there is a membrane region that is poor in microvilli, cortical granules are absent beneath plasma membrane and sperm cells generally do not bind to this location. This microvilli free region also covers the egg nucleus, and cytoskeleton localization differs markedly to the rest of the cortical space, forming actin –myosin II cortical cap/ring and is considered as animal pole. The purpose of this study was to determine gene products that can be detected at single cell level using qPCR and display gradient like distribution in mature oocytes. We checked expression of 12 selected genes in a pool of 10 oocytes and single mature oocytes. Then, we analysed gene expression in fixed intact oocytes and those undergoing laser capture microdissection procedure (LCMD). Eventually, we have determined six candidate genes for the study of intracellular spatial gene expression in mature mammalian oocytes by subcellular qPCR and in situ hybridization.

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