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Language and Socialization in two Romani Communities
Kubaník, Pavel ; Elšík, Viktor (advisor) ; Sherman, Tamah (referee) ; Grill, Jan (referee)
JAZYK A SOCIALIZACE VE DVOU ROMSKÝCH KOMUNITÁCH Language and Socialization in two Romani communities Dissertation Mgr. Pavel Kubaník ABSTRACT The thesis consists of several partial studies connected with the language socialization paradigm. Language socialization is a theoretical and methodological framework, which attempts to analyze a process of individual's socialization into particular society through the analyses of everyday interactions and its contextualization within broader cultural concepts of a particular society. The thesis is based on data from two separate fieldworks in two extended Romani families. The first family lives in the Eastern Slovak Romani settlement of Gav, the second family currently lives in Prague, where they recently came from another Eastern Slovak Romani settlement of Krásne. While in Gav the language of primary socialization is Romani, the Prague family ceased to speak Romani in child-directed communication, although the Romani language is still a significant communicative code in interactions between adults. The chapters of the thesis that are based on data from Eastern Slovakia analyze baby talk, i.e. simplified register of Romani, its structure and use in child-directed interactions and other domains; interactions in which children are prompted to display self-assertive...
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Morphological adaptation of Turkic lexical borrowings in selected Slavic languages
Brezhnev, Vitali ; Elšík, Viktor (advisor) ; Novák, Ľubomír (referee)
The current work considers the morphological adaptation of Turkic borrowings in Russian and Serbian in terms of their inflectional and word-formation characteristics as well as the extraction of Turkic affixes. The two languages being in the opposite ends of the Slavic world have had a huge influence from neighbouring Turkic peoples during a long-term language contact. The goal of the work is to compare the principles of the morphological adaptation of Turkic borrowings and the extraction of Turkic affixes in both languages and find out how much the actual difference between them is.
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Morphological adaptation of Turkic lexical borrowings in selected Slavic languages
Brezhnev, Vitali ; Elšík, Viktor (advisor) ; Novák, Ľubomír (referee)
The current work considers the morphological adaptation of Turkic borrowings in Russian and Serbian in terms of their inflectional and word-formation characteristics as well as the affix extraction of Turkic affixes. The two languages being in the opposite ends of the Slavic world have had a huge influence from neighbouring Turkic peoples during a long-term language contact. The goal of the work is to compare the principles of the morphological adaptation of Turkic borrowings and the extraction of Turkic affixes in both languages and find out how much the actual difference between them is.
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"Světští" (the World People): the identity and the basic cultural features
Skočovská, Markéta ; Elšík, Viktor (advisor) ; Červenka, Jan (referee)
The theme of the thesis is a description of socalled World People, who are considered to be a specific population characterized by an itinerant way of life, connected to certain professions, linguistic and cultural practices, traditions, and values. The first part of the study concerns the origins and use of the term World Person (světský). The second, historically oriented part describes the position of World People in society, as well as the semantic content of the term světský from post-medieval times to today. The third part deals with the history of professions that are somehow related to World People in the Czech lands. The fifth part notes the representation of World People in the media and literature. The primary aspect of the study consists of the results of fieldwork in which the author, using the method of recorded semi-structured interviews, treats the themes of identity and culture among respondents from the ranks of the World People. The final part poses the question of whether it is possible to categorize the World People in some way.
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Language contact: influence of Czech on Romani
Kubaník, Pavel ; Elšík, Viktor (advisor) ; Červenka, Jan (referee)
This paper surveys the issue of the current contact between Czech and Romani, particularly the influence of Czech on Romani. The contact between the two languages has not lasted much longer than six decades, and so the Czech influence on Romani is not as heavy as it is in case of Hungarian and Slovak, the former contact languages of the variety we focus on, the North Central dialect of Romani. The paper is based on two recorded dialogues between the author and a native speaker of the dialect. The latter is a member of the second generation of Czech-born Roma, who has no or only limited contact with the previous contact language. The paper briefly summarizes the main sociolinguistic factors involved in the contact situation, both in a global and in a case-focused perspective. The core of the paper is an analysis of the boundary between fully adapted lexical borrowings on the one hand and (un-adapted) insertions of one- or multi-word Czech expressions into Romani on the other hand. Individual sections of the paper deal with topics such as gramatical words, discourse markers, institutional or cultural borrowings, tag switching, and multiple reasons for language alternation within a particular discourse.
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External possession in Czech: in typological and areal perspective
Křivan, Jan ; Starý, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Elšík, Viktor (referee)
The diploma thesis External Possession in Czech: in Typological and Areal Perspective analyzes the phenomenon of "external possession" using authentic Czech material. In addition, it tries to describe the outcome of the analysis with respect to the areal-typological language context. A construction is considered an externa1 possession construction if the semantic possessor-possessum relation is expres sed by coding the possessor as a core grammatical relation of the verb and in a constituent separate from that which contains the possessum. It has been found that the variability of semantic and syntactic properties af externa1 possession constructions is higher in the Czech than in other languages of the European linguistic area. The comparison between Czech and German suggests that the German constructions also need not be restricted to animate externa1 possessors, as it has been presented so far. StilI, Czech external possession constructions have been noted with a broader group of inanimate possessors.
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Affix extraction: a case study on Hungarian Romani
Elšík, Viktor ; Starý, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Zima, Petr (referee) ; Halwachs, Dieter W (referee)
The PhD thesis Affix Extraction: A Case Study on Hungarian Romani explores the principles and complexities of the contact-induced mechanism of affix extraction, i.e. of affix borrowing through the mediation of lexical borrowing. The thesis is a case study on affix extraction in Selice Romani, a variety of Romani (Indo-Aryan) that is strongly influenced by Hungarian (Finno-Ugric). After a brief delimitation of the phenomenon of affix extraction and an outline of the contact situation, the thesis describes in some detail several individual instances of extracted Hungarian-origin affixes in Selice Romani. It is claimed that several levels of bilingual morphology and two tiers of potentially constraining factors must be distinguished in order to describe the phenomenon of affix extraction in an adequate manner. The concept of 'gap filling' is tested as a potential predictor of affix extraction. It turns out that the contact situation of Selice Romani vis--vis Hungarian instantiates a stage of borrowing that is characterized by categorially redundant lexical borrowing of morphologically complex forms and affix extraction.
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Prague linguistic typology: an empirical test of a supposed correlation
Láznička, Michal ; Elšík, Viktor (advisor) ; Křivan, Jan (referee)
AbstractAbstractAbstractAbstract The presented work is focused on the Prague school of typology, an approach formulated by Vladimír Skalička and pursued later by Petr Sgall or Jaroslav Popela. In the centre of the approach stands the formulation of 5 idealised language types or clusters of linguistic features. The combinatorial possibilities of these types are to be observed in the languages of the world. Prague school of typology has been a target of critique mainly as a holistic approach and due to its problematic work with typological data. The work is concerned with the possibilities of testing the validity of some of the proposals of the approach in question by means of the methods of modern typology. The possible correlation of morphological exponence and NP agreement was tested on a representative sample of 47 languages. The index of exponence and agreement was obtained for each language in the sample. No significant correlation between the indices was found. Both the symmetrical "favourability" of cumulation and agreement and "dis-favourability" of separation and agreement was ruled out. There was not sufficient data to prove or rule out the asymmetrical relationship between cumulation and agreement. KeywordsKeywordsKeywordsKeywords agreement - morphological exponence - Prague School of Typology -...
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