National Repository of Grey Literature 53 records found  1 - 10nextend  jump to record: Search took 0.01 seconds. 
Compatibility of selected dental alloys with magnetic resonance imaging
Linetskiy, Igor ; Hubálková, Hana (advisor) ; Suchánek, Jakub (referee) ; Dostálová, Taťjana (referee)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the up-to-date and perspective methods of diagnostic medical imaging. It is highly valued for absence of ionizing radiation, non-invasiveness, acquiring of highly accurate images of hard and especially soft tissues in any plane. It is a method of choice in central nervous system imaging. Nowadays it is used in diagnostics of other diseases in the maxillofacial area. The major shortcoming of MRI is interaction of magnetic fields of MRI system with metallic objects present in human body. As a result, this may lead to their heating, movement, and also to imaging artifacts. Since different metallic constructions (fixed bridges, dental implants, splints, plates, orthodontic appliances, etc.) are often used in the contemporary dentistry, the problem of their compatibility with MRI is relevant. The aim of this study was to validate the compatibility of dental alloys with MRI, classify the materials according to the degree of compatibility and to establish the range of their possible negative impact on quality of MRI in head and neck area. In order to find dental metals and alloys, General Health Insurance Company code- list, catalogues of manufacturers' and Prague dental labs were used. Measurement methods of magnetic susceptibility (MS), electric conductivity...
Possibility to simplify diagnostics and therapy of rare diseases in dentistry with the help of a database-based expert system in 2D and 3D images
Kratochvílová, Lenka ; Dostálová, Taťjana (advisor) ; Lhotská, Lenka (referee) ; Nováková, Květoslava (referee)
The possibility of simplifying the diagnostics and therapy of rare diseases in dentistry with the help of a database-based expert system in 2D and 3D imaging Abstract The present dissertation describes the methodology of creating a database of patients with rare diseases in the orofacial area. Clear and structured data are the basis for working with knowledge-based systems also in clinical practice. The use of database data is described for two specific diseases, namely Ectodermal Dysplasia and Zimmermann-Laband Syndrome. The methodology for working with the database consists of the steps of identifying a patient, adding a new card to the database, adding patient records and creating layouts. In the case of ectodermal dysplasia, a set of 13 Czech paediatric patients with ectodermal dysplasia presenting in the oral cavity was processed. The patients underwent genetic testing of candidate genes EDA, EDAR, EDARADD, TP63 and WNT10A. Three-dimensional facial scan images were taken of the patients and compared with facial scans of a healthy control group. The dental treatment of the patients was described using three of these patients as examples. Two patients with suspected Zimmermann-Laband syndrome were examined in both the genetic and dental departments despite not very pronounced manifestations of the...
Dental care of patients after surgical therapy of inborn oro-facial clefts 3D technologies in diagnostics and therapy of cleft patients
Kašparová, Magdaléna ; Dostálová, Taťjana (advisor) ; Mazánek, Jiří (referee) ; Roček, Miloslav (referee)
Patients with orofacial defects, inborn or acquired, isolated or in combination with other handicaps in syndroms, suffer from various problems including psychological problems. Morphological changes within these handicaps burden not only the patients themselves, but also their families. Among the main problems are difficulties with feeding, speech or breathing. Anomalies in number or position of deciduous and permanent teeth, development of jaws and dental arches are often present. Multidisciplinary aproach is necessary when solving all of the tasks and the multidiciplinary team consits of experts from field of plastic surgery, foniatry, speach therapist, dentist and oral surgeons. Surgical therapy involves early primary reconstruction of cleft lip and causes necessity of very detailed therapy planing and evaluation. It is very important to create systematic aproach to dental care including valuace diagnostic methods. In the work presented there will be variol methods of diagnosis and evaluation of the treatment introduced with the aim of evaluating modern methods including 3D printing and digital technologies and a valid alternative to traditional methods (plaster casts). Key words: 3D printing, cleft lip and palate, dentistry
Assessment of facial morphology in patients with orofacial clefts in relation to surgical protocols
Moslerová, Veronika ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Dostálová, Taťjana (referee) ; Katina, Stanislav (referee)
The presented thesis summarizes the results of research on craniofacial morphology in patients with facial cleft defects in relation to therapeutic approaches (Caganova et al., 2014; Dadáková et al., 2016; Hoffmannova et al., 2016; Hoffmannova et al., 2018; Moslerová et al., 2018). The effect of therapy in individuals with pathological growth disorders cannot be evaluated without detailed auxological studies of control subjects whose facial morphology, longitudinal changes, or manifestations of sexual dimorphism were evaluated upon similar methodology (Koudelová et al. 2015). Therefore, the thesis was conceived as a volume of six publications complemented with a general synthetic introduction into the area of study. Together, the thesis includes probands in a broad age spectrum from birth to 15 years with a total of 294 facial 3D scans, 36 tele-X-ray face images, 3D scans of 112 gypsum palate castings. The methods of geometric morphometry and multidimensional statistics prevail in the assessment. The main clinical part of the thesis deals with the influence of two types of surgery on the facial growth and development of patients with cleft palate, namely secondary spongioplasty (SS) and neonatal cheiloplasty (NCH). Neonatal cheiloplasty (NCH) is the surgery whose effects were studied from several...
Evaluation of tooth preparation using Er: YAG laser in comparison with other preparation methods
Bučková, Michaela ; Dostálová, Taťjana (advisor) ; Racek, Jaroslav (referee) ; Mazánek, Jiří (referee) ; Smrčka, Pavel (referee)
Er: YAG laser is a new method of preparation that promises gentler and more accurate dental treatment. Its specific characteristics is large absorption of the beam in the water and a small absorption in the tissue without the thermal effect. Therefore the treatment is safer and effectiver. The research has the aim in its theoretical - cognitive part to assess its advantages in comparison with treaditional treatment method - drill. As an essential element will be evaluation of caries lesion in vitro and in vivo. The size of the cavity will be judged on, the shape of developing a smear layer and retention surface in relation to the filling and the . The extracted teeth will be scanned in electronic microscope to assess the formation of contact and non-contact preparation, focusing on the shape and size of the prepared lesion in relation to modern filling materials - low viscosity composites. Extensive research supported by the Ministry of Health (IGA : 9991-4 and 13351-4) that focuses on the the use of various therapeutic methods in the treatment of special needs patients. Dental treatment of a special needs patients is expensive and time-consuming than conventional dental treatment. Therefore, clinical application of theoretical cognitive part will create a electronical support system for the...
2D and 3D models based on patients temporomandibular joint diseases
Hliňáková, Petra ; Dostálová, Taťjana (advisor) ; Mazánek, Jiří (referee) ; Hrušák, Daniel (referee)
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is one of the most complex joints in the body. Its harmony is established by coordination between occlusion, muscle, and joint. Changing lifestyles, decreasing physical activity, which is increasing the number of degenerative joint diseases of various etiologies, and certain dental procedures, are increasing the number of patients complaining of pain or other problems in their temporomandibular joints. Estimated 42% of the population is affected and 2-5,5 % is seeking treatment. Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are clinical problems that involve the masticatory muscles, the temporomandibular joints and associated anatomical structures. Typical signs and symptoms of TMD are facial pain, clicking or crepitation of the TMJs, limited jaw opening capacity and deviation in the movement patterns of the mandible. The basis of successful treatment is a determination of the patient's causal problems. The analysis is based on the model of the ideal biomechanics of TMJ. The rehabilitation of temporomandibular joint disorders needs comprehensive long-term therapy based mainly on physical, surgical, and prosthetic treatment. Detailed knowledge about the function and morphology of temporomandibular joint are necessary for clinical evaluation and treatment of temporomandibular...
Using the Learning Management system in the university environment: Applications for medical informatics and dentistry
Feberová, Jitka ; Dostálová, Taťjana (advisor) ; Ohlídková, Blanka (referee) ; Dušek, Jaroslav (referee)
This dissertation pursues the possibility of increasing quality of teaching students in medical fields using LMS Moodle. It is based on years of experience with designing of e-learning courses at the Charles University. LMS Moodle uses knowledge of computer-aided or computer-controlled teaching at universities. According to an analysis of the changing situation at universities that is characterized by increasing number of students, also by creation of bachelor degree courses and unideal teaching financial security on the one hand and the significant developement of ICT on the other. As part of this work the usability of ICT in medical study fields was solved in subjects "Medical Informatics" , " Prosthetic materials and technology" and " Gnathology". In the last year (2010) LMS Moodle was started for a whole network of medical faculties that cooperate on the creation and access to electronic learning materials MEFANET (Medical faculty's network since 2007). Analysis of the central installation operation of Charles University's LMS Moodle for teaching from 2004 to 2010 gives a good picture of the aspects associated with the operation LMS Moodle, which would help assisting in management of LMS Mooodle Mefanet. The tracking of an e-learning course's development within the central Moodle installation at the...
Diagnostics and therapy of selected head and neck malignancies and premalignancies with photo nic medicine
Vlk, Marek ; Mazánek, Jiří (advisor) ; Dostálová, Taťjána (referee) ; Dundr, Pavel (referee)
Diagnostics and therapy of selected head and neck malignancies and premalignancies with photonic therapy (PDT) Introduction: Lasers are used widely in the modern-day medicine, including the head and neck surgery. Our objective was to evaluate the use of laser intervention in leucoplakia treatment, during the laser interstisial hyperthermia (LITT) and in the modification of PDT. Materials and methods: In all the indications, the diode laser emitting at the wavelength 980 nm was used. Altogether we treated 76 leucoplakia lesions in 66 pacients by laser vaporization. LITT was applied in 32 oncological patients with more-advanced-stage head and neck tumors (9 parameters were observed). 74 BCC (sBCC/nBCC) lesions in 33 pacients were treated with modified PDT. We observed not only the objective aspects (the efficacy of the treatment) but also the subjective therapy evaluation by the patients themselves. Results: The efficacy of the leucoplakia treatment was 94,7 %. LITT influenced positively all the 9 observed parameters. The resultant efficacy of the PDT was influenced positively by the laser intervention too. The success rate of the combined method was almost 98 % for sBCC and 92 % for nBCC (measured by the number of lesions). The laser intervention was tolerated very well by the patients. Conclusion: We...
Properties of prosthodontic materials
Vavřičková, Lenka ; Dostálová, Taťjana (advisor) ; Bartoňová, Marie (referee) ; Zicha, Antonín (referee)
Summery Properties of Prosthodontic Materials Background: Dental ceramics and dental alloys have been found to be the most suitable material for prosthetic restorations. The biological inertness of ceramics is considered to be the best among all dental materials. The aim of this study was to determine the level of corrosion and cytotoxic influence on the cell line of mouse fibroblasts of selected dental materials. Methods: In total, 11 types of ceramic materials and 6 types of dental alloys have been chosen for the analysis. The composition of ceramic materials was qualitatively evaluated by X-ray spectrometry. For evaluation of a corrosive behaviour in vivo, presence of released ions in saliva of tested individuals by mean GT-AAS was valuated. For evaluation of a corrosive behaviour in vitro, leaching in hydrochloric acid was used. Extracts were analysed by mean ICP OES and ICP MS. The cytotoxic influence of the materials on the cell line of mouse fibroblasts NIH 3T3 was monitored (direct contact test, extract test). Results: The study of dental alloys corrosive behaviour in vivo determined, that chromium release depends on the dental alloy composition and the time after the denture delivery. The nickel release depends only on the time of delivery. In extracts, measurable amounts of sodium, magnesium,...
Effect of Hyaluronic Acid on Dental PulpStem Cells
Schmidt, Jan ; Suchánek, Jakub (advisor) ; Dostálová, Taťjana (referee) ; Poleník, Pavel (referee)
Hyaluronic acid (HA) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are attractive research topics and their combined use in tissue engineering is a promising direction in regenerative medicine. DPSCs are a mesenchymal population of stem cells that are obtained from the soft tissues within the dental pulp cavity. Their advantages are easy availability, high proliferative activity, and wide differentiation potential. HA is a natural extracellular biopolymer occurring across human body tissues, including dental pulp. Due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability, HA is a suitable scaffold materal. Degradation of high molecular weight (HMW) HA chains, which are enzymatically cleaved in tissues, results in low molecular weight (LMW) HA fragments. Compared to the HMW HA, LMW HA exhibits markedly different bioactive properties. Thus, it is necessary to assess the effect of HA on tissues and cells separately for its distinct fractions. The results of two in vitro experiments are presented in this work. The first of them was focused on the influence of a wide spectrum of HA (116 kDa, 540 kDa, 1500 kDa) on two DPSC lines. This pilot experiment verified the basic assumption that cells in the environment of selected molecules adhere, survive, proliferate, maintain their typical phenotype and osteogenic and chondrogenic...

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