|
|
Earnings profiles and money illusion
Todica, Doina ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Štika, Pavel (referee)
The main goal of the thesis is to test the existence of money illusion among the working population of the Republic of Moldova. The author of the thesis conducted a survey in March 2010, and results suggest that under the presence of rather high inflation, and a larger increase in nominal wage relative to real wage, Moldovan workers are prone to money illusion, this influences their earning profiles over time and across economic sectors; more than that this finding is important in explaining why workers change the economic sector, or why some sectors of the economy are characterized by grater fluctuations than other. To the author's best knowledge, this represents the first time a study of this kind is conducted in the Republic of Moldova.
|
|
|
Human capital affects religious identity: causal evidence from Kenya
Alfonsi, L. ; Bauer, Michal ; Chytilová, Julie ; Miguel, E.
We study how human capital and economic conditions causally affect the choice of religious denomination. We utilize a longitudinal dataset monitoring the religious history of more than 5,000 Kenyans over twenty years, in tandem with a randomized experiment (deworming) that has exogenously boosted education and living standards. The main finding is that the program reduces the likelihood of membership in a Pentecostal denomination up to 20 years later when respondents are in their mid-thirties, while there is a comparable increase in membership in traditional Christian denominations. The effect is concentrated and statistically significant among a sub-group of participants who benefited most from the program in terms of increased education and income. The effects are unlikely due to increased secularization, because the program does not reduce measures of religiosity. The results help explain why the global growth of the Pentecostal movement, sometimes described a “New Reformation”, is centered in low-income communities.
|
|
|
Gender differences in online practices: case studies from Egypt, Iraq, and Jordan
Naber, Lara ; Alhorr, Layane (advisor) ; Chytilová, Julie (referee)
Women living in conservative countries often face constraints in their interaction with strangers, both online and offline. Given that interactions with strangers are an important factor in getting customers by small business owners, this study aims to analyze gender differences in Facebook business practices in conservative nations. The study examines five hypotheses relating to how men and women post, talk about their businesses, and interact with others online through 1350 manually collected observations from 90 buying and selling public Facebook groups in Egypt, Iraq, and Jordan. The results show that the posting rates of business-related information in public groups are not different between men and women. However, women frequently advertise female-specific products to other women. Furthermore, while real identity positively affects post interactions, women are more likely to hide aspects of their real identify online. These insights from data analysis are supported by qualitative interviews where women also report hiding parts of their identity online and explain reasons why they do so. Together these results suggest that women adopt practices to conserve their privacy, and these might come at a cost of reduced interaction.
|
|
|
Discrimination of Ukrainian Citizens in the Czech Labor Market: A Field Experiment
Pasichnyk, Viktorija ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Kantová, Klára (referee)
This thesis examines the extent of discrimination of Ukrainian citizens in the Czech labor market by analyzing the results of a correspondence experiment that involves sending pre-designed resumes of fictitious applicants to job offers posted online. Each job offer was randomly assigned a Czech or Ukrainian resume, and the responses from recruiters were collected. The interview callback rates were subsequently analyzed, indicating that Czech applicants have by 72.7 % higher callback rate than Ukrainian applicants. Results also show a decrease in the callback rate of Ukrainians over time. This leads to the conclusion that discriminatory practices against Ukrainian citizens exist in the Czech labor market.
|
|
|
Workforce Composition Effects on Covid-19 Spread: a SIR model and an Application to the Czech Regions
Škultéty, Oliver ; Gregor, Martin (advisor) ; Chytilová, Julie (referee)
One of the main types of government intervention aimed at fghting the COVID-19 pandemic were the social distancing measures. This thesis presents a novel approach to examining the relationship between social distancing and workforce composition. The model used is a SIRD model with dynamically optimizing individuals. The model is estimated for each Czech region and cali- brated for the 'social distancing measure' so that the model predictions best ft the data. This measure is then compared in a regression with the share of skilled labour in each region. This thesis fnds that a large degree of variance of social distancing between regions can be explained by the workforce composition. 1
|
|
|
The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and other factors on road traffic safety in the Czech Republic
Schusterová, Josefína ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Zeynalova, Olesia (referee)
This thesis focuses primarily on determining the potential effect of Covid-19 on road traffic safety in the Czech Republic, measured by the daily volume of traffic collisions. The additional incorporation of weather and seasonal fac- tors contributes to the complexity and uniqueness of this work. Although it is possible to Ąnd relevant foreign literature on the relationship between the pandemic and traffic accidents, this phenomenon has not been widely studied in the Czech Republic. The hypotheses were tested by applying the Ordinary Least Squares es- timation on time series data. The frequency of traffic accidents signiĄcantly decreased with the presence of Covid-19 disease, especially during the state lockdown periods. A similar pattern was observed by the remaining analysed categories of collisions, except for those with alcohol and drugs detected by the offender, which were positively inĆuenced by the pandemic. The wind is the only statistically insigniĄcant weather variable in our analysis, and the state holidays all turn out to signiĄcantly affect the number of traffic accidents. Over- all, the thesis contributes to the revelation of traffic trends during the Covid-19 disease and helps to predict the traffic safety situation in a possible future state of emergency of a similar kind.
|
|
|
Testing the Use of Choice Defaults to Stimulate Behavior of Dancers
Skácelíková, Eva ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Landovská, Petra (referee)
The following thesis presents an experiment examining the effect of choice defaults on stretching of dancers. Stretching is one of possible injury prevention tools. The topic of the thesis is motivated by the importance of injury prevention in efforts to reduce public and private financial burden. Costs linked with injuries are shared among individuals and public finance sector. They are one of the components of government expenditures in the healthcare sector. We explored a sample of 202 participants aged 9-17. The treatment group was enrolled in an after-class stretching club as a default. The control group was exposed to opt-in condition, and they could sign up for the club. The participation in a club was voluntary for both groups. We observed whether participants were enrolled in a club and whether they stretched after class. The data were collected twice each week for a period of month. Analysis showed that the enrollment rate was 17.8 percentage points higher for the treatment group. Stretching rate was also higher for the treatment group, it differed by 11 percentage points. This result was not always statistically significant which might be caused by several limitations of the experiment. Next, we observed a difference of 19.3 percentage points in the effect of age on probability to...
|
|
|
The effect of weather on purchases on online fashion e-shop in the Czech Republic
Borýsková, Nikola ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis aims to determine the e ect of weather conditions on online fashion purchases in the Czech Republic. Even though various studies have proved the impact of weather for instance on people's time allocation, mood or con- sumer behaviour in an o ine environment, this topic has been explored rarely. Ordinary Least Squares method was applied to estimate the impact of several weather variables (sunshine hours, precipitation, temperature, air pressure, and wind speed) on sales from Czech fashion e-shop using time series data for five years. All weather variables included in our analysis turned out to have a statistically significant e ect on sales. Keywords online shopping, e-shop sales, weather e ect, OLS regression Title The e ect of weather on purchases on online fashion e-shop in the Czech Republic
|
|
| |
|
|
Thermal Insulation of Apartment Buildings: Decision-making Process and Effect on Energy Savings
Častorálová, Lucie ; Ščasný, Milan (advisor) ; Chytilová, Julie (referee)
Thermal Insulation of Apartment Buildings: Decision-making Process and Effect on Energy Savings Abstract In order to lower the emissions of green-house gases it is necessary to explore the wide range of the energy efficiency options. This thesis attempts to analyse the effect of thermal insulation installed in the multi-family apartment buildings during the period of 2006-2012 in the Czech Republic. We also investigate whether providing governmental funding further improves energy performance of the insulated apartment buildings. In addition, we examine the collective decision-making processes of members of the multi-family apartment building associations, including their attitudes towards thermal insulation of their houses. The basis of this thesis is the econometric panel data model (with 45 apartment buildings and their energy consumption before and after the insulation) evaluated by the fixed effects method with cluster confirming that the insulation, investments and public funding had all significant and negative impact on the energy consumption in the buildings, when energy consumption was adjusted for weather conditions. After the analysis it was concluded that the more the owners invest in thermal insulation, the more they will save in the long run. The governmental funding led to even greater...
|
guest ::
