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Women in the countryside in the time of the reign of the House of Přemysl
Faltusová, Zuzana ; Žemlička, Josef (referee) ; Bláhová, Marie (advisor)
Medieval Woman has been a very popular topic In the European historicalliterature within last fifty years. I have chosen a theme of a W oman in countryside in early medieval Bohemia. Despite the low number of historical sources, I have selected a few topics, which are not only describable, but also very interesting. My essay is based on the Bohemian medieval sources like records and chronic1es, but also on the results of archeological excavations or medieval paintings. And further, I used not only the literature of the Czech historians, but also the German and English books about that period and questions. I did not seek to write about single women and the single history of their life, but I tried to describe the world of them - the society, countryside, time and the other aspects. The first big theme was the woman and her family and also the path of her life. The second topic is about the world around her. The village, where she lived, the house of her family, things she used day by day and so on. Another part speaks about the labor of women - their typical work like spinning, weaving or cooking and taking care of the house animals. The two chapters which are most based on the sources research are about the names of medieval countryside women and about the mysterious women ofthe records.
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The entrapment of the Czech nobility by Pragues and Kutná Hora's patriciate in the year 1309 or eIse "there is no more harsher man than the ennoblement making ribald"
Musílek, Martin ; Dvořáčková, Dana (referee) ; Žemlička, Josef (advisor)
The historical research devoted only small focus on the entrapment of the Czech nobility. Generally, mainly the conclusions made by Josef Šusta had been taken into account. Specialists say that we have no chance to find something new in this subject of historical scholarship. Big deposits of silver were found near Kutná Hora during Václav's II rule. The hot symbiosis started up between the monarch and the tops of the patriciate. This friendship was bringing benefits to both of the sites of the symbiosis. The patriciates was able to do businesses and trades very easily, when the monarch stood by their side. In retum for this the patriciates was providing the valuable services to monarch, especially managing the royal chamber or helping in financial crisis. Helping in financial crisis became important during times of expensive and ambitious statesmanship of the last Přemysls. When the last of the Přemysls died, the prominent patriciates were starting to participate in political events that were shaking the whole kingdom. They were taking part in voting congresses, different missions; actually some of Czech pretendents tried to win the patriciates over. In these years the entrapment of the Czech nobility in Sedlec and in Prague also took place. When we evaluate the previous development, we have the question:...
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Amenities in Czech collegiate chapters in the mid-14th century (on the example of Stará Boleslav, Litoměřice and Vyšehrad)
Pátrová, Karin ; Žemlička, Josef (advisor) ; Doležalová, Eva (referee) ; Bláhová, Marie (referee)
Majetkové zázemí českých kolegiátních kapitul prodělalo od svého vzniku značné proměny. Zpočátku byl kapitulní majetek užíván společně všemi kanovníky, jak naznačují zakládací listiny nejstarších českých kolegiát, v nichž jsou donace adresovány kapitulám jako jednotné instituci. Zatímco o společném soužití kanovníků pod jednou střechou panují určité pochybnosti, svůj majetek získávala kapitula skutečně jako celek. Někdy mohl být zvýhodněn představený kap i tu ly, l když tato praxe již odporovala původním ideálům. Jak kanovníci tento společný majetek užívali, není zcela jasné (zda se scházeli u jednoho stolu, což asi v případě ženatých kanovníků nepřicházelo v úvahu, nebo zda každý kanovník dostával nějaký procentuální podíl). V průběhu 12. a 13. století dochází k výrazným změnám ve skladbě kapitulního majetku a dosud společné jmění je rozděleno mezi jednotlivé kap i tuláry, kteří si své díly sami spravují a užívají jejich výnosy. Z kapitulního zboží se vydělují prebendy jako hmotné zajištění pro jednotlivé kanovníky, vedle toho pak zůstává část zboží nadále ve společném užívání celé kapitulní korporace, které slouží k zabezpečení provozu kostela a jeho výbavě, k vyplácení příspěvku kanovníkům přítomným v kapitulním kostele při bohoslužbách, případně jsou jako tzv. obedience pronajímány jednotlivým členům...
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Czech prince and Saxon duke in 12th century. Comparison of the Czech principate and Saxon duchy of Henry the Lion
Zelenka, Jan ; Bláhová, Marie (referee) ; Žemlička, Josef (advisor)
During the reign of Henry the Lion was Saxony divided into number of "principalities". Holders (bishops, earls etc.) of these domains didn't stay under the command of the duke. They didn't grant his authority. Henry the Lion reigned only over his own principality. His power and support of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa gaye him factual dominance over the other princes of Saxony, but not the rule over them. Consequently was his primary interest not the rule over entire duchy, but the enlargement of his own property. He ruled in his own principality like superior suzerain. Problem of his principality was inner "disunion" .The domain was put together from allod and fiefs. Because of his fiefs was Henry in fact only one part in network of feudal relationships - on one hand the suzerein, on the other the fief. His suzerain position meant not, that he could ruled over his vassals like absolute monarcho His extreme requirements on his vassals activated their oposition. This inner conflict culminated in the time of clash.with emperor and caused animosity of his own vassals. The struggle with princes and the emperor has shown lirnits of his power and also incompact structure of his principality. Even his vassals came over emperor. His duke honour was taken from him. The duchy was divided and invested on other princes....
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Henry of Carinthia as a Czech king in the light of contemporary narrative sources
Razim, Jakub ; Žemlička, Josef (advisor) ; Doležalová, Eva (referee)
The aim of the presented thesis is to show how the personality of Henry of Carinthia was reflected by contemporary narrative sources including primarily annals, chronicles and a court poetry. We focus mainly on his Czech reign in the years 1306 - 1310, which is in our opinion a very controversial topic in the Czech historiography. The picture of this period is strongly influenced by the chronicle of Peter of Žitava who was a great political opponent of the regime established by Henry of Carinthia in the Czech lands. His attitude towards king Henry is therefore remarkably hostile. We suppose that Peter used certain literary pattems, so-called topoi, to describe the personality of Henry of Carinthia, especiaHy those caHed rex-tyrannus and rex-puer that can be commonly found in the medievalliterature. In order to point out similarities between these topoi and the picture of Henry of Carinthia in the chronicle of Peter of Žitava we make use of an anonymous treatise De duodecim abusivis saeculi that was written down in Ireland in the 7th century. A completely different attitude takes on the contrary the court poetry written in the alpine countries that describes Henry of Carinthia as an ideal knight, which is another widespread topos in the middle Ages. Between these two extremes many other historical sources...
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The methodology for visualization of the internal structure of the painting using novel x-ray based methods
Hradilová, Janka ; Hradil, David ; Trmalová, Olga ; Žemlička, Jan
Aim of the methodology is to involve the newly tested a newly developed methods, which allow displaying an internal structure of a painting, into the routine conservation/restoration research. The methodology is yet specifically focused only on methods using X-rays, i.e. X-ray radiography (XRR) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) (including macroscopic XRF scanning). The methodology includes testing the radiographic equipment with pixel detectors, which has been newly developed within the project, and assesses its contribution to the practical survey of painting techniques reflecting its exceptional spatial resolution, materials sensitivity and mobility.
Fulltext:  PDF; PDF
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The application of scientific methods in identifying and analyzing problems in public policy
Žemlička, Josef ; Nový, Jan (advisor) ; Veselý, Zdeněk (referee)
The purpose of this thesis is to test the Q method applied in discursive analysis in public policy. The author will carry out research using available scientific literature dealing with the method and prepare a case study whose purpose will be to test the reliability of the method Q in a practical case. Promoters of the Q method argue that the uniqueness of the method rests in its resistance to the subjective influence of the researcher. The purpose of this work is therefore a practical verification of to what extent may the researcher's subjective stance at the selection of the default set of statements reflect on the overall result of the analysis.
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Energy sensitive X-ray radiography for the non-destructive inspection of historical paintings
Žemlička, J. ; Jakůbek, J. ; Hradil, David ; Hradilová, J. ; Kroupa, M. ; Mislerová, H.
The technical composition of painted artworks is usually very complex and they belong to the most sophisticated cultural heritage artefacts. In the field of their inspection there is a rising demand for the non-destructive imaging and analytical methods which are able to reveal the inner composition of investigated objects. Several non-invasive methods based on the interaction of ionizing radiation with the matter have been successfully utilized during the last decades. These methods can be divided into two main groups. The better known are transmission methods (e.g. classical X-ray radiography) the less-used are emission methods (e.g. X-ray fluorescence imaging). The quality of the obtained image is highly dependent on the imaging characteristics of the used detector. The presently used ones (CCD cameras and CMOS sensors) create the image from analogue signal by the charge integration. This image is usually degraded by the presence of noise. This complication is exceeded by novel pixel detectors of Medipix family based on single particle digital counting. Furthermore these devices offer very high contrast (in principle unlimited) in the obtained image. The image can be acquired with spatial resolution better than one micrometer. Another advantage of these detectors is their ability to directly measure the energy of incident particles. This feature can be used for energy sensitive X-ray radiography (i.e. multi-channel images) and X-ray fluorescence mapping of the surface elemental composition. For the purposes of this work the laboratory ALMA in Prague prepared several multilayer samples of paints using different pigments. The results of mentioned methods applied on the test samples are summarized in this article. The first goal of these measurements is to build a comprehensive methodology for the application of these procedures in the laboratory.
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Energy sensitive X-ray radiography for the non-destructive inspection of historical paintings
Žemlička, J. ; Jakoubek, J. ; Kroupa, M. ; Hradil, David ; Hradilová, J. ; Mislerová, H.
Pigments containing iron, although they form a very large group, have never been considered very suitable for datation of color layers and identification of the origin of the painting, due to their abundant occurrence in nature, good availability and widespread use in all historical and pre-historical periods of time. In this paper we have verified that mineralogical composition of clay minerals in earthy pigments is a suitable tool for more detailed specification of material provenance and, in the case of ground layers, also the provenance of the artwork as such. It was obviously convenient to preferably use raw materials from a close and thus also cheaper source. For the purposes of statistical comparison we evaluated elemental composition of earthy grounds on 70 paintings from the 16(th)-18(th) centuries from Czech collections. We performed detailed mineralogical analyses for a selected representative number of grounds on 35 samples in total. We discerned 6 types of material in total 2 types of boles, 3 types of other earths, and one type representing iron-rich red from oxidized zones of hydrothermal ore deposits. We were able to distinguish between earthy pigments of Central European origin (coming from Czech and Bavarian locations) and those coming from North-Italian sources. Thus we were able to assign anonymous paintings to an appropriate place of origin.
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