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Word problems with topics from chemistry
Poulová, Anežka ; Novotná, Jarmila (advisor) ; Čapek Adamec, Martin (referee)
The thesis is focused on verbal tasks within the subject of chemistry and consists of several parts. The introductory chapter contains a definition of the concept of verbal task, including the basic division of tasks, then the stages of solving the general verbal task and the approach to the solving of verbal tasks with chemical issue is mentioned. The second part summarizes the most common verbal tasks with chemical issue, their theoretical chemical and mathematical basis and offers various ways of how these tasks can be solved. The third part of the paper includes tasks that are an extension of the first part and serves as a sample of interesting examples (also in the terms of mathematical procedures) that are solved in chemistry. The author of the paper tries to show and compare different procedures for solutions and their influence on the efficiency and speed of calculation.
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Identification of milk and collagenous binders used in colour layers in art works
Kofroňová, Pavla ; Hrdličková Kučková, Štěpánka (advisor) ; Čapek Adamec, Martin (referee)
The task of this diploma thesis was to investigate the influence of inorganic pigments on the identification of casein oil and animal glue tempera by mass spectrometry MALDI- -TOF MS (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation - Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry). First, it was necessary to prepare a set of model colour layers containing casein and animal glue tempera together with ten inorganic pigments. Consequently, the method of peptide mass fingerprinting was used to obtain mass spectra of the samples. Finally, it was possible to compare and determine the characteristic peptide fragments for both proteinaceous binders and find pigments that most affected the identification of casein and rabbit glue temperas. The obtained values of m/z casein oil tempera and animal glue tempera were used to improve and complete reference database of protein binders that is used to identify protein binders in works of art at the Institute of Chemical Technology in Prague.
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Analysis of natural organic dyes and pigments by mass spectrometry
Stýblová, Marie ; Hrdličková Kučková, Štěpánka (advisor) ; Čapek Adamec, Martin (referee)
This thesis named "Analysis of natural organic dyes and pigments by mass spectrometry" investigates the identification of selected natural organic dyes and pigments by qualitative Laser Desorption/Ionisation - Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry analysis (LDI-TOF MS). The advantage of LDI-TOF MS method is its quick and reliable identification of low molecular weight material without preparatory chemical or time-consuming modification of samples. This method can be used for the analysis of works of art or for verifying their authenticity thanks to requiring only a little amount of sample. The LDI-TOF MS was tested on 19 organic dyes and pigments (e.g. alizarin, apigenin, baicalein, flavone, xanthone, tannic acid), four exemplarily prepared lakes (alizarin, purpurin, chrysin a quercetin lakes) and lakes mixed with organic binding media. The method was also successfully applied to two samples of blue color that were taken from Josef Čapek's painting called 'Procházka' (The Walk), that was dating back to 1936.
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Study of collagenous binders used in art objects
Suková, Tereza ; Hrdličková Kučková, Štěpánka (advisor) ; Čapek Adamec, Martin (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis was to find information about collagenous binders that are used in artworks and to divide them into the groups due to their applicability. The second aim was to find their proteinaceous composition and search the individual proteins in the publicly available database. Consequently the proteins were cleaved "in silico" using a special software and the molecular masses of their tryptic peptides were determined. The next aim was to analyse reference collagenous binders by the method of peptide mass mapping and, finally, compare the experimentally obtained peptides with those obtained by special software. Proteins contained in collagenous materials (different types of collagens and elastin) were found in Expasy database. The sequences of these proteins were cleaved in mMass program, where the peptides with the known aminoacid sequences and molecular weight (m/z) were obtained. The experimentally found values of m/z were gained by analyses of different types of animal glues (hide, bone and rabbit glue, gelatine and fish glue). The analyses include enzymatic cleavage of the collagenous materials by trypsin, purification of the obtained peptides on reverse phase Zip Tip and measuring of their m/z values using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. By comparing of experimentally and...
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Preparation of cochenial carmine
Helceletová, Zuzana ; Čapek Adamec, Martin (referee) ; Hrdličková Kučková, Štěpánka (advisor)
The aim of this study was to prepare a red organic pigment named cochineal carmine. The pigment was made out of dried insect called Coccus cacti using historical recipe. Next goal was to detect carminic acid by infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform (FTIR) in dried bodies of the mentioned insect, then in the pigment prepared from it and in the pigment that was prepared using extract called carminum rubrum. The other results of this work were the comprehension of the origin and preparation of carmine pigment and the identification of carminic acid in both prepared pigments.
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Preparation of N-(2-oxazoline-2-yl-phenyle)barbituic acid
Strnadová, Iveta ; Čapek Adamec, Martin (referee) ; Kotoučová, Hana (advisor)
In my bachelor thesis I dealed with preparation of N-(2-oxazoline-2-ylfenyl)barbituic acid by condensation of N-(2-oxazolin-2-ylfenyl) urea with malonic acid in the presence of acetic acid and acetic anhydride and condensation of the N-substituted urea with diethylmalonate in the presence of sodium ethoxide, too. Original substance for the preparation of N-(2-oxazoline-2-ylfenyl) urea was 2-aminophenyle-2-oxazolin, which was prepared from 2-aminobenzonitrile.
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Opioids in therapy and abuse
Ondra, Radim ; Čapek Adamec, Martin (referee) ; Kotoučová, Hana (advisor)
This graduation thesis deals with the theme of opiates. It describes them as a very important medicaments, helping to lower a feel of pain, but as often abused drugs as well. There is presented a review of compounds in this thesis, which bind on the specific protein structures located in the nervous system named opioid receptors. Some sythethic methods of important opioids and their properties are mentioned. Description of neurochemical and neurophysiological changes after drug entering a human body is emphasized. There is a brief mention about opiates usage through history in the beggining of this thesis, because of putting this theme into a larger sense.
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