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Design of Digital Baby Scale
Trněná, Eliška ; Sládek, Josef (referee) ; Rubínová, Dana (advisor)
The topic of this bachelor thesis is the design of baby scales for medical facilities. The aim is a design with an unique shape that meets the technical, ergonomic and safety requirements associated with weighing children. The work is based on the analysis of the current state of knowledge, the shape fits into the environment of pediatrics. The design guarantees safety for infants, the possibility of comfortable handling of the device and emphasizes aesthetics and visual friendliness.
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Children's wards nurses knowledge of taking care of intermediate-term vascular access devices
Müllerová, Julie ; Hromádková, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Průšová, Kateřina (referee)
The bachelor's thesis is focused on mapping and researching the nurses knowledge of taking care of intermediate-term vascular access devices inserted to pediatric patients. The aim of the work was to find out, based on a questionnaire, the level of nurses knowledge of individual types of intermediate-term catheters and nursing procedures related to catheters. The theoretical part of the bachelor's thesis includes pediatric anatomical specifics, general characteristics of vascular access devices, specifically described types of intermediate-term vascular access devices and nursing care of these catheters. The empirical part presents classified data in the form of overviews of tables and sectional charts, which are then compared with hypotheses based on age, length of practice, type of workplace and specialized competence of the respondent in the field of intensive care. The research methodology consisted in distributing a self-designed structured questionnaire in the form of a didactic test to nurses working in the children's wards of The University Hospital in Motol Faculty Hospital. The examined sample consisted of 76 respondents. Based on the questionnaire survey statistically significant difference was found in three particular items depending on the type of workplace of respondents in favor of...
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Migrant Parents in the Czech Republic: Child Health Care Experiences and Attitudes Towards Childhood Vaccination
Dvořáčková, Lenka ; Smith, Simon (advisor) ; Hasmanová Marhánková, Jaroslava (referee)
This thesis presents data gained from qualitative research that took place in Prague, Czech Republic during winter 2022 and spring 2023. The aim was to find out how foreign mothers perceive the local health care system and mandatory immunization scheme. The theoretical part presents information and statistics related to immunization worldwide and in the Czech Republic. The sociological theoretical part discusses Parsons' and other researchers' work on doctor-patient relationship and Beck's risk society in relation to immunization. The research is based on in-depth semi-structured interviews with 14 women who are migrant mothers. All except one interview was conducted online via the Zoom platform. The analysed data presents, firstly, the informants' experiences with healthcare for children; secondly, their communication and relationship with paediatricians; and thirdly, their general attitudes and sources of information used to make immunization choices for their children. The results demonstrate the importance for these mothers' sense of agency and wellbeing of building trusting relationships, sharing decision making and choosing the appropriate language(s) for communication.
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Occupational Therapy Practice Guidelines Proposal for Children Aged 3-18 with Developmental Coordination Disorder
Homolková, Simona ; Dvořáková, Petra (advisor) ; Angerová, Yvona (referee)
Thesis abstract Name, Surname: Bc. Simona Homolková Supervisor: Mgr. Petra Dvořáková Thesis Title: Occupational Therapy Practise Guidelines Proposal in Children aged 3-18 years with Developmental Coordination Disorder Abstract: Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with a prevalence of 6 % among children in the population. The cause of this condition is unknown, but there are known risk factors, such as very low birth weight or maternal exposure to drugs and alcohol during pregnancy. Symptoms include coordination difficulties, impaired motor learning and planning, executive function challenges, and overall mental health vulnerabilities. Each child exhibits different manifestations, and comprehensive care is required, provided by an interprofessional team, which includes occupational therapists. Occupational therapists should base their practice on high-quality care standards. Just like in medicine, there are currently global trends in occupational therapy towards developing Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG), which are still lacking, especially in the field of occupational therapy. CPGs primarily serve to improve and standardize care. The main goal of this work is to create a proposal for clinical practice guidelines in occupational therapy for developmental...
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Atresia of gastrointestinal tract and possibilities of physiotherapeutic intervention
Zdobnická, Barbora ; Šonská, Kristýna (advisor) ; Štefanová, Petra (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with atresia of the gastrointestinal tract and possibilities of physiotherapeutic intervention. The thesis is presented in the form of a review with a case study. The review part contains information about the development and anatomy of the parts of the gastrointestinal tract that are most often affected by atresia. The classification, diagnosis and surgical treatment options of individual atresia are also mentioned. The options of physiotherapy intervention include scar treatment, respiratory physiotherapy, physical therapy, basal stimulation and orofacial stimulation. The practical part of the bachelor thesis is presented in the form of a case study of a patient after gastrointestinal atresia surgery. The content includes the examination before and after the therapy in the physiotherapist's ambulance and the follow-up after 2 months of regular therapy. The positive effects of physiotherapy are documented by photodocumentation and by using the Alberta Infant Motor Scale to evaluate motor development. The practical part also includes an educational handout for parents about the implementation of respiratory physiotherapy after discharge from hospital, which will be subsequently used in the Department of Paediatric Surgery at FN Motol.
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The role of the pediatric nurse in providing laboratory newborn screening
STEINBAUEROVÁ, Julie
This bachelor thesis focuses on the role of the pediatric nurse in newborn laboratory screening. The pediatric nurse has an indispensable role in the entire process, educating parents prior to collection, obtaining informed consent from parents prior to testing, preparing supplies, performing the actual collection, checking and preparing the collected specimens for shipment to the screening laboratory. Although the thesis is primarily focused on maternal education prior to collection and possible errors during collection that may negatively affect the results of the examination, the theoretical and practical part of the thesis also covers other topics related to newborn laboratory screening, not least the description of the methodology of the correct collection procedure and subsequent verification of knowledge of its principles in a research investigation with nurses. The first objective was to describe the process of maternal education by the pediatric nurse prior to collection. The second objective was to determine the knowledge of pediatric nurses about the negative impact of substandard blood collection on screening outcome. The research part of the study was based on qualitative research, using the interview method. Data collection was carried out using the technique of in-depth semi-structured interviews with nurses from neonatology departments of selected Prague hospitals. Data analysis was done by pencil paper method, then the results were divided into three categories and described in diagrams. The survey found that nurses perceive the language barrier as the biggest difficulty in educating mothers before delivery, but they have resources available to help them overcome this barrier in practice. It was also found that nurses are well informed and have sufficient knowledge about the principles of dry drop blood collection. The most common errors in collection were described by nurses as insufficient or incorrectly filled in targets on the filter paper and illegible data on the screening card. This work can be used to educate pediatric nurses, and recommendations for practice include focusing on non-pharmacological methods of procedural pain relief for newborns during collection and checking specimens before sending them to screening laboratories to avoid unnecessary repeat collections.
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Scale assessment in nursing process for children
BENEDIKTOVÁ, Anna
Introduction The nursing process is an integral part of quality nursing care in paediatrics. This process contains many individual components that can work together to create a whole that not only assists nurses, but also makes patients' hospital stays more enjoyable. One of the components is assessment and measurement scales. These can be focused on pain, consciousness, nutrition or fall risk. Objectives of the work The aim was to become familiar with assessment and measurement scales in paediatrics and to find out their application in the nursing process in selected paediatric wards. First, we investigated which assessment scales can be applied in the nursing process in children. This was followed by interviews in which we focused on the assessment scales used in the selected wards and how nurses view the use of assessment scales. Methodology The research was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, we searched the literature for assessment and measurement scales in paediatrics. In the second phase, we conducted closely interviews, which were conducted with nurses working in standard wards or in the ICU. The research investigation was developed by searching information from the literature and also using closely interviews with nurses in our selected wards. Data collection was conducted from January to June 2023. All interviews were recorded on a dictaphone and then transcribed into MS Word. The "pencil paper" method was used to analyse and code the data. Subsequently, the data was broken down into units, which were assigned appropriate codes and these were grouped into categories. These categories and subcategories were then worked into clear diagrams and described in detail. Results From the research we found that there are many scales for assessing pain, and not all can be applied to the same age. In addition, for each of the scales the correct tally or technique needs to be found and each is rated differently in the result. Nurses are familiar with the assessment scales they use on the wards and know what they are used for, but do not know their exact names, but rather a general one for the assessment issue. Most nurses spoke in general terms such as 'pain assessment', 'fall risk assessment', 'consciousness assessment'. Not all units use the same assessment techniques, nor do they all use the same assessment domains. Conclusion The results show that rating scales are an essential part of nursing documentation. So many assessment scales have been used that most wards are able to choose one that suits their particular issue and the department we selected did so. However, it is important to choose the right one with respect to the age and psychomotor development of the child. This bachelor's thesis can be used in the theoretical and practical part of teaching in Paediatric Nursing. The assessment techniques can be used in professional practice in the respective departments or we can offer a pain assessment scale that we have devised. It could assist nurses in diagnosing and determining the degree of pain in all ages.
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Ultrasound imaging of fascia in a context of motor developement
Kuldová, Ivana ; Quittková, Adéla (advisor) ; Smetanová, Jana (referee)
This diploma thesis is a pilot study for research of deep fascia of children with spastic cerebral palsy. It focuses on designing a protocol for sonographic evaluation of a deep fascia thickness in children and verifying it in practice. The theoretical of the thesis introduces recent findings on the structure, thickness, development, and aging of the fascial system. It also contains facts about cerebral palsy - particularly its spastic form and its influence on muscle tissue morphology. Additionally, it describes the principle of musculoskeletal ultrasound examination, with a target on the fascial system and muscle tissue. Methodology: The observational cross-sectional study included 39 children (25 boys and 14 girls). The children were divided by age into four groups: 0-3 years, 3-6 years, 6-12 years, and 12-18 years. The thickness was sonographically measured with highfrequency probe on the fascia brachii anterior and posterior, the fascia antebrachii anterior and posterior, the fascia cruris anterior and posterior and the fascia lata. Results: Based on the collected data, a low positive correlation was found between the thickness of the deep fascia in children and age (p=0,042; Spearman's rho 0,09). There was no influence of limb dominance on the thickness of the deep fascia (p=0,856) and either...
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Problems of Autism Spectrum Disorders from the perspective of pediatricians
VLÁŠKOVÁ, Lenka
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of autism spectrum disorders from the perspective of pediatricians. The aim of this thesis is to identify how general practitioners for children and adolescents in the South Bohemia region carry out screening for early detection of autism spectrum disorders in their practices and how they proceed in case of a positive result. The sub-objective was to find out what general practitioners for children and adolescents see as the biggest problem in the diagnostic process for these children. The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The first chapter of the theoretical part is devoted to individual autism spectrum disorders, the second chapter explains the so-called "triad" of problem areas, the third describes screening and diagnostic tools, and the last chapter focuses on the possibilities of care for individuals with autism spectrum disorders. The practical part is conducted through qualitative research and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from pediatric and adolescent general practitioners. Furthermore, two case studies of children with autism spectrum disorder are presented in this part. Semi-structured interviews with parents and educational staff and a desk study were also used to collect data for the case studies. The data obtained show that general practitioners for children and adolescents perform screening for early detection of autism spectrum disorders during regular preventive examinations at 18 months of the child and repeat the screening again after six months in case of a positive result. Child and adolescent practitioners see the biggest problem in the diagnostic process as the lack of specialists to follow up their work.
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Analysis of antibiotic administration in open appendectomies in pediatric patients.
Šugrová, Kristína ; Rejmanová, Anna (advisor) ; Šorf, Aleš (referee)
Analysis of antibiotic administration in open appendectomies in pediatric patients Author: Kristína Šugrová Tutor: PharmDr. Anna Rejmanová, Ph.D. Consultant: PharmDr. Petra Rozsívalová Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University Introduction and aims: Appendicitis represents the most frequent indication to a surgical abdominal intervention in population of paediatric patients. In case of complications, such as abscess, periappendicular infiltrate or perforation with peritonitis, it can even lead to a life- threatening condition. The aim of this study was to analyse antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) in paediatric patients undergoing open appendectomy, as well as antibiotic treatment of complicated appendicitis. Another aim was to compare the administration of antibiotics (ATB) before and after the implementation of recommended hospital procedures (RHP). Subsequently, to monitor the incidence of complications and length of hospital stay and their association with ATB administration and other risk factors. Methods: An unicentric retrospective study was carried out. Patients aged ≤ 18 years who underwent an open appendectomy at the Department of Paediatric Surgery and Traumatology at the University Hospital in Hradec Králové between years 2014 and...
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