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Verification of the effect of rations on goats feed intake and on milk composition
KRÁL, Václav
Goat's milk has many great nutritional properties, which arise from its unique composition. The milk composition is however depending on the composition of the feed diet. The aim of this work is to determine how the diet affects the quantity of milk yield and composition. We also made observations to determine how selected herbs affect the intake of feed rations with goats. The experimental part is divided into three parts. In the first part, we evaluated the impact of selected herbs to income ration with goats. We found that the addition of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) increases the amount of food taken. Conversely, an addition of meadow pea (Lathyrus pratensis) decreases the amount of food intake. In the second part, we tested the ribwort plantain (Plantago lanceolata) effect on the milk composition. We found that an addition of this herb in the ration slightly increases daily milk yield. In the third section we monitored a herd of goats on grassland. We evaluated influence of the composition of pasture vegetation and the addition of oats on milk yield and composition. Our conclusion is that the composition of the pasture had a significant impact not only on the basic components of milk, but also on the representation of individual groups of fatty acids. The adding of oats decreases the influence of grazing.
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Effect of grazing in submoutain regions on biodiversity of invertebrates - epigeic beetles.
RUTTA, Petr
Diplomová práce se zabývá biodiverzitou epigeických brouků na pastvinách nacházejících se v podhorských oblastech Šumavy. Srovnává jak se mění biodiverzita společenstev již zmíněných brouků v oblastech s různou intenzitou pastevního zatížení. Odchyt byl prováděn na dvou odchytových místech pomocí zemních pastí. V práci je zjištováno srovnání biodiverzity společenstev epigeických brouků v oblastech s různým zatížení pastvou, porovnání s dosavadními výsledky, antropogenní ovlivnění stanovišť a ordinace druhů na pozemku.
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Life manifestation of milk cows during pasture way of breeding
NOVOTNÝ, Miroslav
The aim of this work was to monitor the basic behavioral categories pasture behavior of cattle in the farming method. Monitoring was also stable during the milking, which took place early in the morning and afternoon. The results obtained have been processed into graphs and tables in Microsoft Excel. The herd was composed of cows Czech spotting cattle and Holstein cattle and pasture were from April to November.
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Monitoring moving activity of beef cattle during the year
RUDA, Jan
Beef cattle breeding is one of the basic and traditional kind of agriculture department in the Czech Republic. In the last few years is growing the number of beef cattle especialy in mountain areas and foothills. My work was focused on assesment of moving activity of beef cattle (whole year outdoor lairage) with special aim at outward and inward factors. Experiment was realized in a small privat farm (40ha) in foothills. Breeding animals are crossbreeds of these beef cattle races: charolais, piemontese, aberdeen angus, hereford, gasconne, limusine and czech pied cows. Monitoring was made by pedometers placed on the neck part and anterior limb (used 20 animals) and on the neck only (used 10 animals). Pedometr counts the numer of movements in hour, every single hour is separated into 240 parts - 15 seconds each. If is there any move during that time, pedometr will record. The additional technical equipment is antenna and PC with an appropriate software. For temperature and air humidity measuring was used datalogger noticing the data every hour. We compared the influences of tempereture and air humidity on moving activity, influence of rutting season on moving activity and finaly the differences between the data from the neck part and from the anterior limb. Was found out that the temperature has a fundamental influence on the moving activity. No ralation between the air moisture and the moving activity was found. There was not such a big increase of moving activity during the rutting season as we expected. The activity measured on the neck was significantly higher then the activity measured on the anterior limb. Both of them embodied mathematical functional dependence.
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Fattening heifers on pasture
VALTER, Jiří
The main goal of this bachelor{\crq}s theses is to assess heifer fattening conducted in two grazing cycles in the mountain region of Southern Bohemia. The observation was carried out in the years 2008 and 2009. A total of 51 heifers was observed, all of them crossbreeds of Aberdeen Angus or Simmental cattle. In the first grazing cycle, the heifers were raised together with the mothers on a pasture and stabled for the winter season. The heifers were slaughtered after the end of the second grazing cycle, which followed the next year. Light weight of the heifers was recorded at the end of the first grazing cycle, at the end of the winter season and again at the end of the second grazing cycle. The weight of the dressed carcass and the SEUROP classification was further recorded. The average daily gain was calculated for each period from the live weight. The data set was sorted by the month of birth of the heifer and by the SEUROP classification. Statistical data analyses were carried out using the Excel software. In order to evaluate the results, basic statistical parameters were calculated for each of the selected variables and the cogency of the differences between the groups was tested with the two-tailed t-test at the corresponding level of significance. The average weight of the heifers at the end of the first grazing cycle was 266.0 kg, average weight at the end of the winter season was 349.8 kg and the average weight at the end of the second grazing cycle was 512.3 kg. The average age of the heifer at the end of the first grazing cycle was 216 days and they were slaughtered at the average age of 574 days. The average daily gain during the first grazing cycle was 1.14 kg, during the winter season 0.57 kg and during the second grazing cycle 0.78 kg. The lifetime average daily gain was 0.85 kg. The average weight of the dressed carcass was 247.1 kg. 60.8 % of the heifers gained the SEUROP class ``O`` and 39.2 % the class ``R`` or ``U``. The heifers showed considerable variability, especially in the weight at the end of the second grazing cycle (sx = 43.9 kg). Heifers gained the SEUROP class ``R`` or ``U`` showed higher weight at the end of both the first and second grazing cycle, higher weight of the dressed carcass and higher average daily gain during the winter season and during the second grazing cycle, compared with the heifers gained the SEUROP class ``O``.
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The influence of pasture on biodiversity of invertebrates in sub-mountain localities - coprophagous beetles
SVOBODA, Lukáš
The effect of the pasture management on dung beetle communities was studied on three sites in Šumava Mts. (South and West Bohemia). The intensity of pasturing was different: 78 cattle on the first, 106 on the second and 162 on the third pasture. The beetles were collected using pitfall traps baited by 1.5 litres of fresh cattle dung. The traps were located on each pasture. Altogether 3 traps were used per each pasture. The pitfall traps were exposed in the pasture for 7 days in monthly repetitions from April to October 2008. Totally 8725 specimen and 33 species of beetles were collected. These species belong to families Scarabaeidae,Geotrupidae and Hydrophilidae. The number of species and individuals was evaluated for each pasture, as well as seasonal dynamics and biomass distribution. The results indicate that the more intensive pasturing has the positive effect on the activity of some groups of coprophagous beetles.Other effects of the different pasture management on the beetles were not documented.
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Ethological manifestation at the beef cows bred in the system without market milk production
VESELÁ, Jana
The aim of the work was evaluate on the dynamic of live performance at the beef cows in the system of breeding cows withour market milk production in the subnountain areas. The chosem method was a direct group observation within ten-minute intervals. The longest duration of pasture was in autumn 59.6 % of the day and the shortest in winter 30.8 % of the day. The activity of lying depended on standing and decreased from spring period 15.3 % of the day on 5.7 % of the day in winter period. The observation flows to the fact, that breeding of the livestock from welfare and adaptability herd of view is suitable in sub-mountain areas.
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Analysis of the chosen effects affecting dairy cow´s reproduction
PROKŮPEK, Petr
Cow{\crq}s dairy reproduction and it{\crq}s level of efficiency are main topics of interest of our breeders. Constant downward trend of important reproduction indicators, often reaching critical values, is becoming main problem of many agricultural plants aligned to beef-raising. The higher attention to beef-raising is needed especially in the foothill areas and in regions with harder conditions (LFA areas). Beef-raising is not aimed to fulfil only a production, it also stands for unsubstituable reproduction functions. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate reproduction indicators in three different breedings in the five year range 2002-2006 (such as insemination interval, intersemination interval, servis cycle, insemination index, parturition interval and pregnancy percentage after first insemination) on the chosen dairycows. According the level the individual breedings were compared (Rychnov nad Malsi, Vlci Jamy, Tesov) testing the CESTR runt. In Rychnov nad Malsi, where the runt CESTR and HOLSTYN are breeded, the differences between these runt{\crq}s reproduction indicators were evaluated. The level of milk efficiency, the methods of beef-raising, month of calving and order of lactation were taken into account. The length of SP is unsatisfactory in all breedings. The average SP in the whole period under observation were in Rychnov nad Malsi 125,2 days (CESTR), in Vlci Jamy 123,5 days and in Tesov 125,7 days. Average length of parturition interval in the whole period of observation were in Rychnov nad Malsi 402 days, in Vlci Jamy 418 days and in Tesov 415 days. Also the very low percentage of in-calfing after first insemination was discovered in Rychnov nad Malsi and in Tesov (under 40%). It wasn{\crq}t proved the significant influence of the month of the cow{\crq}s calving and the influence of pasture to the length of period. The HOLSTYN breed proved that it is able to produce more milk under the same conditions, despite the fact that its achieved efficinecy of the milk production is average in Czech Republic, more over it shows worse results in reproduction (except insemination interval) compared to czech{\crq}s spotted cattle. Based on the count of calving per lifetime of cow it was proved the positive influence of grazing catlle on the longevity of cows compared to Czech republic{\crq}s average. Observed indicators of milk efficiency and cow{\crq}s reproduction system are in observed breedings significantly affected by breed, the level of sustenance and dairycow{\crq}s management.
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Gut parasites of goats on a chosen farm
VANĚČKOVÁ, Michala
The master thesis is aimed to evaluate intestinal parasites occurrence in a goat breeding. A herd of goats chosen for this survey was kept by a private enterprise focused on milk production. The practical research was conducted during two years, 2009 and 2010. Samples of feaces were collected during that period and analyzed for parasites occurrence. The analyses proved presence of the following parasites: Trichuris ovis, parasites from the order Strongylida, Fasciola hepatica, Dicrocellium lanceatum and coccidia. Total prevalence was significant; 85% of the samples were found to be positive. Species from the order Strongylida were identified as the most often 41,46 %, which meant 199 cases from the total of 509. During the examined period, the highest prevalence of parasites was detected in summer 2009, the second highest then in spring 2010.
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An analysis of the basic behaviour in herd of sheep
JINDROVÁ, Miloslava
The subject of my bachelor thesis is the analysis of the basic manifestation of behaviour in flock of sheep. The herd which was the focus of the ethological study belongs to farmer Ing. Jana Vejčíka from Dlouhé Stropnici in the region of Novohardské mountains. The herd comprise of 96 sheep, 8 of which were šumavka kind and 88 of valaška. The observation took place over the course of 3 seasons.
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