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Využití různých technologií zpracování půdy ke kukuřici v podmínkách zemědělského podniku
Daněk, Jan
The literature part of the bachelor thesis deals with soil characteristics, maize sowing and soil processing. In the soil processing chapter, the different soil processing technologies are divided and characterised. The bachelor thesis focuses on the comparison of four soil treatment methods - shallow loosening, deep loosening, medium loosening and plough-ing. A one-year semi-operational experiment was carried out on the land of Agrodružstvo Žimutice. The experiment was mainly focused on the comparison of yield from the differ-ent variants, but other parameters were also evaluated - number of plants per m2, grain moisture at harvest, protein and starch content, bulk density and HTZ. All data were ana-lysed from a one-year semi-operational experiment. The highest yields were obtained with shallow tillage and the lowest yields with deep tillage. However, the yields were not statistically conclusive. Statistical significance was observed for the qualitative parameters of protein content, bulk density and HTZ.
Hydrofyzikální vlastnosti lesních půd v hlavních porostních typech přírodní lesní oblasti 3 - Karlovarská vrchovina
Velek, Martin
This thesis is focused on the evaluation of selected hydrophysical and chemical properties of soils in relation to the typological and natural characteristics of selected locations. The selected localities were located in a natural forest area – the Karlovy Vary Highlands, where a field survey and soil sampling were carried out at 16 localities. The bulk density, reduced bulk density, water retention capacity, porosity, aeration, total soil carbon content, soil potential exchange reaction, physical clay content and humus stock were determined from the soil samples. The obtained data were compared with each other and evaluated with respect to the character of the nature localities. From the results, it was found that there are differences in some values of individual soil properties in spruce stands with lower naturalness, compared to control sites with a natural composition of trees. This trend was mainly observed in the values of water retention capacity and total carbon content.
Vliv termínu odběru půdních vzorků na hodnotu půdní reakce
Fikselová, Barbora
The bachelor thesis deals with soil reaction, which is one of the main properties of soil. In order to assess the actual condition of the soil, it is necessary to take soil samples under the right conditions. The question arises whether the date of soil sampling during the year could affect the soil reaction values. To investigate this issue, two locations were selected. On the observed estate in Vatín, sampling was carried out in weekly intervals, and on an estate in Hradčovice, in monthly intervals. Active (pH/H2O) and exchangeable (pH/KCl, pH/CaCl2) soil reaction analysis was performed on the samples collected. In addition, samples were taken to determine soil moisture, air temperature data were obtained, and activities conducted on the property were recorded to corroborate changes in these characteristics where appropriate. As emerged from the results that soil reaction is influenced by seasonal variations on the property. The largest variations occurred in the active soil reaction and the exchange soil reaction determined in potassium chloride. The observed changes were most presented with increases and decreases in soil moisture and land disturbance by agricultural activities. The air temperature also had an effect.
Mikroplasty a jejich vliv na životní prostředí
Kopicová, Jana
This bachelor thesis deals with plastic pollution in the environment predominantly focusing on microplastics. The aim of the theoretical part is to acquaint readers with the terminological background of plastics and their microscopic parts. This part also contains an overview of current information about sources, presence, and possible impact of microplastics in the environment centring on the water component. The theoretical part further discusses the effect of microplastics on living organisms and one’s health. In the practical part of the thesis, a questionnaire survey was carried out to find out respondents’ opinions and awareness of the given matter. The results of the survey confirmed that most of the respondents, despite being familiar with the term microplastics, are not well informed about their impact on the environment. The survey also indicates that this area lacks public awareness. Furthermore, a comparative analysis shows that more than 80% of the respondents would be in favour of refundable plastic bottles. Finally, the survey appears to confirm that respondents have poorer knowledge in legal regulations dealing with plastic waste.
Karbonizovaný čistírenský kal a jeho vliv na vybrané půdní parametry
Mikulcová, Kateřina
This bachelor's thesis deals with the effect of carbonized sewage sludge on selected soil parameters. The characteristics of soil and biochar are described and supplemented by a description of its production and importance in the past and present. As part of the practical part of the bachelor's thesis, a container experiment was established in three variants with increasing doses of biochar, which served as a basis for evaluating the selected analyses. The application of biochar positively influenced the increase in plant biomass, there was also an increase in root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhiza, the value of soil pH and the proportion of stable soil aggregates increased. A decrease in dehydrogenase activity was evaluated as an undesirable effect of biochar. The solution to the problem of inhibiting microbial activity is the application of biochar together with another organic fertilizer (manure or compost), which supports microbial activity until the biochar particles themselves become a suitable environment for colonization.
Mapování půdních vlastností a ekonomické vyhodnocení variabilní aplikace zásobního hnojení
Blaha, Jiří
This master thesis is focused on the mapping of soil heterogenity by soil sampling. The experimental part of the work was realized on the arable land managed by agricultural holding Rostěnice a.s. within the research project NAZV QK21010247. Totally 1018 soil samples were taken during summer 2022 in irregular sampling grid in the area of 1 838 ha. After laboratory analysis of soil samples for estimation of main agri-chemical soil properties, a map of phosphorus was computed by using spatial interpolation techniques. The results has shown the high spatial variability within the observed fields. La-ter six variants of nutrient dose recommendation were compared. There were two uni-form rates (UNI_M3 and UNI_BK10) and four variable rates (VRA_M3, VRA_BK10, VRY_M3 and VRY_BK10). The economical evaluation prooved only small differences in total costs of phosporus fertilizers among the variants. However, the optimization of nutrient distribution within the fields based on the spatial heterogeneity and yield level is the main advantage of variable rate application.
Mapování obsahů toxických kovů v zeminách v oblasti Hranic a Teplic nad Bečvou
Kotásková, Michaela
This thesis focuses on the occurrence of toxic metals, specifically Mo, Sr, U, Rb, Th, Pb, As, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, and V, in the soil environment of Hranice Karst. Forest soils, soils in the Bečva River valley, and arable soils were examined, with a focus on locations with possible contamination (waste landfill, cement plant). Samples were taken according to the manual for geochemical mapping, both from the surface and at a depth of 25 cm. Subsequently, concentrations of toxic metals were measured in the collected samples using an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, and the basic geochemical properties of the samples were evaluated. The determined values and calculated pollution indices were compared with legislative requirements for limit concentrations of metals in soils, with a selected reference location (NPR Hůrka), and with each other. The work is supplemented with maps of the concentrations of individual elements in selected locations created in the Geographic Information System. The thesis concludes with the concentrations of measured metals and metalloids present in the soil, including the locations of their occurrence in relation to the nearby cement plant and municipal waste landfill. The mapped environment of the Hranice Karst has been evaluated as an environment with only slightly elevated levels of certain elements.
Pedodiverzita vybraných ekotonů na přechodu lesní porost - palouk na území Školního lesního podniku Masarykův les Křtiny
Bydžovský, Radek
Ecotones and their environments are often referred to as areas of significant diversity that condition the interactions of neighbouring ecosystems. Manifestations of ecotone community diversity can be observed, for example in the species composition of flora and fauna. However, this bachelor thesis examines the characters of the soil environment of this ecosystem and compares it with enviroment of a forest and a meadow. Evaluated soil diversity parameters are active and potential soil reactions, soil catalase enzyme aktivity, C, N, S element content and possible carbonate content. The evaluation of these soil characteristics was carried out in the three selected sites. The significant dynamics of the ecotone environment was confirmed in the case of soil reaction. Catalase also showed different activity rates in the ecotone area. A similar finding was confirmed in the case of the analysed elements C, N and S. Based on the evaluated parameters, the ecotone area shows a significant different character of the soil environment. However, the character and degree of manifestation in ecotone area are very closely linked to the characteristics of the individual habitats.
Vliv aplikace různých hnojiv na vybrané půdní vlastnosti
Navrkal, Stanislav
The diploma thesis is focused on monitoring the influence of the application of different fertilizers depending on the vegetation cover on selected physical, physico-chemical and chemical properties of the soil. The experiment took place on the site of the Forage Research Station in Vatín. The experiment was based on a combination of mineral fertilizer, digestate, manure and vegetation covers, permanent grass cover, sowing procedure, monoculture of corn. From each variant in the years 2018, 2020 and 2022, undisturbed samples were taken from a depth of 15 cm to determine the reduced volumetric weight, porosity, maximum capillary capacity, minimum air capacity and disturbed samples up to 30 cm from which the soil reacts and the content of accessible nutrients for plants were determined soil. On the basis of determined values and their trends were found that the digestate does not have any negative effects on soil properties. Nevertheless, the positive effects are, that it should have as representative organic fertilizers were not confirmed.
Teplotní adaptace trávicích enzymů želvušek žijících v trvale chladném prostředí
JOZIĆ, Nikola
This thesis presents a literature review of the phylum Tardigrada, exploring the impact of cold temperatures on living organisms in general and focusing on adaptations of organisms to cold and freezing, particularly in terms of enzymatic adaptations. The experimental part of this work involves comparing the enzymatic activity of the -glucosidase enzyme in tardigrades from Arctic glacier (Svalbard) and soil tardigrades from a temperate climate (Czech Republic) at different temperatures. The results showed higher enzymatic activity in tardigrades from a temperate climate at all measured temperatures, suggesting that the enzymes of glacier dwelling tardigrades are not cold adapted.

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