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Infection of salmonelosis, their source and diagnosis.
Valkus, Martin ; Veselá, Mária (referee) ; Vránová, Dana (advisor)
This bachelor‘s thesis deals with infection of salmonelosis, it’s source, prevention and diagnosis. Theoretical part includes general information about Salmonella species and its morphology. It describes pathogenesis, source of infection, clinical symptoms, treatment and diet recommendations. It analyzes statistics of number of infection occurrences in Czech Republic. It also deals with prevention of infection origin on schools, population foreknowledge and climatic effects. Experimental part of this thesis contains description of optimization procedure of identification Enterobacteriaceae by adjusting of pH of prepared medium MIU.
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Role of extracellular DNA in microbial biofilms
Gromov, Anton ; Chytilová, Aneta (referee) ; Obruča, Stanislav (advisor)
Abstract This bachelor’s thesis deals with defining the role of extracellular DNA in microbial biofilms. The thesis includes a part about the basic characteristics and functions of biofilms, as well as the characteristics and functions of extracellular DNA. The theoretic part additionally deals with the process of formation of biofilms, and the influence of different types of stresses on it. Also, the paper discusses the role of such stresses. The role of biofilm in bacteria and their reproduction methods are also discussed. An interesting section of the thesis outlines the impact of antibiotics on biofilms, or the ways to gain DNA or use DNase. The eDNA functions and their effects on bacterial defence will be discussed thoroughly. In the experimental part, the biofilm content was examined and compared with cells growing in a liquid and solid medium. Measurement of DNA content in media was carried out and the effects of salt and temperature stresses on biofilm were also measured. Stress conditions affected the production of PHB, which is used as a reserve form of energy and carbon. Total sugars were measured using an anthracite reagent to study the effects of stresses on the content of macromolecules. The presence of eDNA in biofilms and planktonic cells was firstly checked using gel electrophoresis and then accurate concentrations in planktonic and biofilm cells were determined using different spectrophotometric methods.
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Study of 3D bacterial cellulose production using banana peels as a carbon source
Netopilík, Tibor ; Pernicová, Iva (referee) ; Kovalčík, Adriána (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the study of 3D bacterial cellulose production using Komagataeibacter xylinus using banana peels as a carbon source. The theoretical part deals with the comparison of the properties of bacterial cellulose and plant cellulose, different methods of biotechnological production of bacterial cellulose and its use. The aim of the bachelor thesis was to find out whether it is possible to use banana peel as a carbon source for biotechnological production of bacterial cellulose. Banana peels are waste lignocellulosic material produced, for example, in the production of snacks or fruit or dairy beverages in the food industry. HPLC analysis showed that 1 l of hydrolyzate after enzymatic hydrolysis of 100 g of dry banana peels per 1 l of water contained 8.86 g of glucose and 10.46 g of fructose. The hydrolyzate was used as a carbon source for static and dynamic cultivation of Komagataeibacter xylinus. The yields of bacterial cellulose produced by using banana peels or glucose were compared. The use of banana peels hydrolyzate increased the yields of bacterial cellulose about 170 % in the case of static cultivation and about 220 % in the case of dynamic cultivation. Scanning electron micrographs of bacterial cellulose confirmed the morphological differences between bacterial cellulose produced statically and dynamically. Moreover, the morphology of bacterial cellulose was influenced by the kind of used carbon source.
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Optimization of cultivation of carotenogenic yeasts on mixed waste substrates
Holub, Jiří ; Mikulíková, Renata (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The master thesis addresses the issue of cultivation of selected strains of carotenogenic yeasts on waste materials of the food industry using a laboratory bioreactor. Carotenogenic yeasts are able to produce highly valuable metabolites during cultivation, which are located predominantly in the lipid part of the cells. Particularly, they are carotenoids, ergosterol, coenzyme Q and fatty acids. The thesis is divided into two main parts, the theoretical part and the practical part. The theoretical part describes individual yeast strains, types of waste materials, produced metabolites and methods of their analysis. The experimental part deals with the processing of waste materials of the food industry, specifically animal fat, whey and spent coffee grounds into the form of substrates usable as nutrition sources for yeast cultivation. Furthermore, cultivations focused on the recovery of the monitored metabolites and their analysis by using HPLC/PDA and GC/FID assemblies were studied as well. The yeast strains Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (CCY 19-4-6), Rhodotorula kratochvilae (CCY 20-2-26), Rhodosporidium toruloides (CCY 062-002-001), Sporidiobolus pararoseus (CCY 19-9-6) a Cystofilobasidium macerans (CCY 10-1-2) were used in this work. As one of the best producing strains Sporidiobolus pararoseus (CCY 19-9-6) was found, which achieved very high productions of carotenoids, coenzyme Q and ergosterol.
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Characterization of yeast and algae metabolites by instrumental techniques
Kurowska, Klára ; Márová, Ivana (referee) ; Němcová, Andrea (advisor)
The presented diploma thesis deals with the analysis and production of selected microbial metabolites of the yeast Rhodotorula kratochvilovae in comparison to various species of microalgae. The theoretical part summarizes the knowledge about the conditions for optimal growth and production of secondary metabolites. Analytical methods, by which metabolites were quantified and evaluated, were also described. In the experimental part of this thesis, the amount of accumulated biomass, exoglycolipids, intracellular lipids, phycobiliproteins and carotenoids according to various nutrient sources in the culture medium was studied. Specifically, the yields of these metabolites were investigated in the utilization of various sources of nitrogen (yeast extract, urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride and potassium nitrate), carbon (glucose, mannose, xylose, glycerol and lactose) and at variable C / N ratios (20; 40; 70; 100 and 120: 1) ideally selected sources of observed nutrients in partial experiments. The last part of the experiment was focused on comparison of the analysis of metabolites of autotrophic algae (chlorophylls, phycobiliproteins and lipids).
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Production of magnetic particles by microorganisms
Chvalkovská, Eva ; Mgr. Martina Mikešová, Ph.D. (roz. Pravečková) (referee) ; Trachtová, Štěpánka (advisor)
This thesis focuses on the magnetic nanoparticles produced by bacteria. These are two types of bacteria. First of them we can find in an industrial environment that produce magnetic nanoparticles using magnetosomes. Magnetosomes are units containing nanocrystals and are surrounded by a lipid layer. They are made up of chains and work as a compass. In this thesis I deal with possibilities of cultivation od these bacteria, acquisition of magnetosomes and subsequent processing. The second type is bacteria living in the human body, they start to produce magnetic nanoparticles after the addition of trigger, such as silver nitrate. Bakteria which can produce silver or ferrous nanoparticles are Bacillus sp, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus casei ssp. casei and Lactobacillus fermentum. Experimental part of bachelor thesis focused on the production of silver nitrate in concetration of 0,1; 1; 2; 4 mM. The bacteria that have been shown to produce silver nanoparticles are Lactobacillus casei ssp. casei CCM 7088T a Lactobacillus casei ssp. casei CCM 7089 a Lactobacillus rhamnosus CCM 1825T.
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Production of carotenoids grown on waste fat
Holub, Jiří ; Němcová, Andrea (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
Carotenoids are lipid-soluble pigments which are contained in plants and microorganisms. Carotenoids are known for their antioxidant effects. Lipids are predominantly non-polar substances, which are essential and present in all types of organisms. The research was made by theoretical and practical form. It was dealing with production of carotenoids pigments and different lipophilic substances by yeasts of Rhodotorula glutinis, Rhodosporidium toruloides and Sporidiobolus metaroseus, cultivated in media containing waste fat or glycerol. Further, methods for obtaining lipid substances from microorganisms and with further analysis of samples by gas or liquid chromatography were optimized. The main task of the research was to find out which types of media and yeasts are the most suitable for production of lipid substances. For production of lipid substances in glycerol media, as the best producing strain Rhodosporidium toruloides was found, which simultaneously reported the highest concentrations of carotenoids on fatty and fatty hydrolyzed media.
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Use of algae for production of biomass and bioproducts
Slonek, Jaroslav ; Máša, Vítězslav (referee) ; Brummer, Vladimír (advisor)
Submitted bachelor thesis is focused on description of use of algae for biomass and bioproducts production. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the taxonomic classification of algae and a basic summary of the characteristics of the different algal groups. The next part is aimed at bioproducts, which are obtained by algae cultivation and possibilities of further processing for energy purposes are also described. As for the cultivation, the emphasis is on modern methods in this area, i.e. on the possibility of using waste products in the culture process. In the next part, technological parameters of cultivation are discussed, for instance effects of technological parameters on growth and composition of biomass and production of desired products. The next chapter summarizes types of used culture bioreactors in which the growth of biomass occurs in a controlled environment. The information obtained and collected in the thesis is further discussed and summarized in the conclusion.
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Control of algal bioreactors
Rek, David ; Naď, Martin (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
The bachelor’s thesis discusses the matter of cultivation of microalgae in an artificially altered environment – bioreactor. The aim of the thesis is to determine and present the factors influencing the growth of microalgae and to find means of automated regulation of such factors. Nowadays, the majority of bioreactors are laboratory ones and are mostly being operated manually. The recent increase in demand for this technology results in many pilot-plant tests with a wide variety of microalgae. Tests such as these will be required to be automated to serve properly in future research. The thesis is based on professional literature and articles. The first part is to familiarize the reader with the wide number of potential applications of microalgae technology in various fields, such as the food industry, water treatment or separation of CO2 from ambient air or waste gas. The next segment presents the factors influencing the growth of microalgae and lastly the system of required equipment and sensors for automated operation is described. The bachelor’s thesis summarizes the important information necessary for the construction and unattended operation of microalgae bioreactor with respect to maximalization of productivity.
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Optimization of the Methodology for Assessment of Biochar Effect on the Growth of Model Plants
Štorková, Natálie ; Enev, Vojtěch (referee) ; Kalina, Michal (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is studying the effect of biochar on the growth of model plant and deals with the optimalization of the methods for assessing its impact. Theoretical part describes the properties and utilization of soil conditioners, special attention is focused on biochar. According to the literature research, maize (Zea mays) was chosen as a model plant for cultivation experiment and subsequently the application doses of biochar were also defined. The cultivation experiment took place in growing box under controlled illumination and irrigation. Plant dry weight weighing after cultivation, continuous measurement of plant height during the cultivation and also image analysis of the root system were used for evaluating the influence of biochar on quantitative and qualitative properties of model plants. From obtained data it can be summarized that the growth differences were influenced by the application dose, the type of biochar and also by type of soil, which was used for the cultivation experiment.
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