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Analýza využitelnosti jednoduchých indikátorů pastevního tlaku zvěře na les pro plánování lovu v honitbách
Rachůnek, Karel
This work deals with the analysis and evaluation of the usability of simple indicators of grazing pressure of game on the forest. The territory in the Zlín region was selected for the elaboration of this bachelor's thesis, specifically the hunting of MS Kyčera. The field survey was performed by the patrol method. Data from control and comparison areas (CCA), transects and artificial cultures were used to assess damage. Eight stands were selected for evaluation. Three main tree species in the area were evaluated, namely beech (Fagus sylvatica), Norway spruce (Picea abies) and white fir (Abies alba). Based on the damage by grazing pressure, the number of ungulates in the given area was evaluated.
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Hodnocení managementu pastvy ovcí v chráněných oblastech
Trojanová, Eva
The diploma thesis Evaluation of Sheep Grazing Management in Protected Areas deals with the use of grazing for sheep nutrition, sheep ethology, especially the influences that affect grazing behavior, and the use of grazing in the maintenance of vegetation in the National Nature Reserve of Mohelno Serpentinite Steppe. The 2018 grazing season in the National Nature Reserve of Mohelno Serpentinite Steppe took place from 23rd April to 25th May 2018 and three ethological observations were taken during this grazing season. On 9th, 17th and 21st May, the activities of the herd were recorded – namely lying, standing, walking and grazing. On the first observed day (May 9), the activities were represented in the ratio: grazing 37.50%, walking 12.35%, standing 5.81% and lying 44.34%. On the second day of observation (May 17), grazing took up 39.15% of the total observation time, walking 12.27%, standing 18.95% and lying 29.62%. On the last day of observation (May 21), the ratios of daily activities were: grazing 34.07%, walking 10.25%, standing 9.37% and lying 46.31%. Activities were also recorded depending on the grazing area, and the effect of air temperature on sheep behavior was investigated. The results are processed in charts and graphs in the appendix.
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Evaluation of livestock density and botanical composition of permanenet pastures in selected farm
BÖHMOVÁ, Miroslava
In the bachelor thesis, the effect of grazing frequency, stocking rate and trampling of grazing land by cattle on a selected farm was investigated. It is based on a literature search which includes an outline of grazing systems, the representation of botanical species and agro-botanical groups, the influence of livestock on stand formation and the ecological sub-conditions affecting the composition of grazing stands. The experimental part was carried out in the South Bohemian Region in the municipality of Hracholusky-Vrbice. The experiment includes images from two cattle pastures where the experiment was conducted. The obtained data were used to evaluate the palatability of grasses and to calculate the representation of species diversity. The practical part included calculating the grazing load and the effect of grazing and trampling on the plants.
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Methodological tasks of livestock density in pastures and etological observation of cattle in pasture
PETRÁŠ, Marek
The aim of the bachelor's thesis is to design suitable ways of expressing the load of grazing areas and monitoring cattle during grazing with regard to the condition of pastures. These goals were achieved on the basis of one-year monitoring and analysis of pasture on the monitored pastures. At the same time, when monitoring the botanical composition of pastures, the behavior of cattle on pasture and its influence on pasture and soil compaction were monitored.
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Populace hnědásků (Melitaeini) na nelesních stanovištích NP Podyjí refaunovaných pastvou koní
HÁJKOVÁ, Klára
This thesis evaluates the impact of refaunation by the Exmoor pony on populations of five Melitaea butterfly species - Melitaea athalia, M. cinxia, M. didyma, M. britomartis and M. aurelia inhabiting xeric grasslands of the Podyjí National Park - Havranické Vřesoviště and Mašovická Střelnice. Both grassland sites are grazed since 2018. I compared adult butterflies' demography structure, mobility, spatial distribution, and habitat requirements with an earlier study carried out before the impact of horses (Vodičková et al., 2019). I detected multiple changes, some of them attributable to the horses (e.g., butterfly spatial distribution) and some not (e.g., population sizes), but also a remarkable stability, e.g., in dispersal parameters.
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Vliv refaunace velkými herbivory na vybrané skupiny hmyzu
VODIČKOVÁ, Veronika
This thesis studies the impact of refaunation by wild large ungulates on the butterflies, aculeate Hymenoptera, and Orthoptera assemblages. The data collection in field were undertaken in 2019 and 2020 within nine localities refaunated by large ungulates across the Czech Republic. Plots within the grazing enclosures were compared with controls, life history traits ordinations and comparisons of function traits diversities were used to interpret the patterns. Responses of the insect groups to refaunation are taxon specific, but generally, large ungulates contribute to creation and maintenance of functionally more diverse insect communities.
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Changes of vegetation composition in hilly country forests depending on the application of historical forms of management
Nechanská, Denisa ; Boublík, Karel (advisor) ; Frouz, Jan (referee)
The aim of my study is to determine the influence of historical management practices on the camposition of vascular species in hilly country forests on the Vysoká stráň hill in the Bohemian Karst Protected Landscape Area in the Czech Republic. My thesis is divided into two parts. The first part of my thesis describes influences of forest management on the herb diversity from different scientific studies. There is some information about the influence of herbivorous grazing, pollarding, litter raking and fire. Secondly provides a case study dealing with the influence of historical management on the vascular species composition in the forest understory. My experimental area was divided into 32 treatments, where three different ways of historical management were used - mowing of the understory vegetation, litter raking and the combination of mowing and litter raking. The fourth area was a control treatment. Change in the herb diversity depending on a time is statistically significant but changes in the herb diversity depending on different ways of historical management are statistically insignificant. We detected a distinct decline in the herb diversity during our experiment, also on the control treatments. The main gradient of vegetation points from mesophilous acidophytes to species characteristic...
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Effects of wild ungulates on vegetation in an abandoned landscape
Horčičková, Eva ; Herben, Tomáš (advisor) ; Diekmann, Martin (referee) ; Tichý, Lubomír (referee)
Wild ungulates are considered one of the major drivers for shaping terrestrial ecosystems, which has been developing since the early Cenozoic. Understanding the effects of ungfulates on vegetation is necessary for qualified knowledge how European landscape looked prior to human habitation and how it would look like without human intervention. Further, such understanding is of practical importance as management information necessary for managing abandoned landscapes. While the present-day wild ungulate European fauna does not contain several large grazers like auroch (Bos primigenius) anymore, the landscape has long been affected by them. It thus possesses historical experience of response to large grazers, which has been further maintained by livestock grazing. Importantly, the European landscape is experiencing a steady increase of populations of deer (Cervidae) and wild boar (Sus scrofa) with major effects of vegetation and landscape structure. While the effects of these present-day dominants have been studied mainly in forest habitats, there is a growing evidence that they both promote species diversity of forest understory and, interestingly, preferably feed in open vegetation and thus can affect broader landscape heterogeneity. The main aim of this thesis is therefore to examine effects of...
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Effect of grazing and mowing on vegetation of dry grasslands
Pechová, Tereza ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Čiháková, Kateřina (referee)
Grassland communities are natural part of our landscape. They were mostly created or maintained by human. If we leave them to their natural development they will disappear. Today grazing or mowing is recommended as an appropriate management. This work is an answer to the beginning of the grazing and mowing management in NPP Kaňk near Kutná Hora. Its goal is preparation for the monitoring of grazing and mowing, which will be in progress in this locality since year 2010.
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